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Selina Concise Chemistry Class 10 ICSE Solutions Electrolysis

February 4, 2024

Selina Concise Chemistry Class 10 ICSE Solutions Electrolysis

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Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 6 Electrolysis

Exercise Intext 1

Solution 1.

(a) Powdered sodium chloride (common salt) does not conduct an electric current, but it does so when dissolved in water or when melted.

(b) Molten lead bromide conducts electricity .It is called an electrolyte. It is composed of lead ions and bromide ions. The lead ions are positivelycharged and are called cations. The bromide ions are negatively charged and are called anions.

(d) The electron releasing tendency of zinc is more than that of copper.

(e) A solution of HCl gas in water conducts electricity because it ionizes, but a solution of HCl gas in toluene does not conduct an electric current because it does not ionize in toluene.

Solution 2.

(a) Electrolysis: It is the process of decomposition of a chemical compound in aqueous solutions or in molten state accompanied by a chemical change using direct electric current.

(b) Non-electrolyte: It is a compound which neither in solution nor in the molten state allows an electric current to pass through it.

(c) Cation and anion: Atoms which carry positive charge are called cations.
Atoms which carry negative charge are called anions.

(d) Weak electrolyte: Electrolytes which allow small amount of electricity to flow through them and are partially dissociated in fused or aqueous solution are called weak electrolyte.

Solution 3.

(a) Difference between Modern explanation and Arrhenius explanation for the theory of electrolysis:
Arrhenius considered that water ionizes electrolytes but Modern theory explained that electrolytes are ionic even in solid state and their ions are held by strong electrostatic forces which make them immobile. Water renders these ions mobility by breaking the electrostatic forces.

(b) Difference between electrolytic dissociation and ionization :

Ionisation	Dissociation
1. Formation of positively or negatively charged ions from molecules which are not initially in the ionic state.	1. Separation of ions which are already present in an ionic compound.
2. Polar covalent compounds show ionization. e.g. HCl, H₂CO₃, NH₄OH etc.	1. Electrovalent compounds show dissociation. e.g. Potassium chloride , lead bromide, etc.

Cation	Anion
1. Are positively charged ions.	Are negatively charged ions.
2. Migrate to cathode during electrolysis.	Migrate to anode during electrolysis.
3. Gain electron from the cathode and get reduced to become a neutral atom.	Lose electrons to the anode and get oxidized to become a neutral atom.

(d) Electrolytic dissociation and thermal dissociation:
Electrolytic dissociation is the dissociation of an electrovalent compound into ions in the fused state or in aqueous solution state.

Thermal dissociation: Reversible breakdown of a chemical compound into simpler substances by heating it. The splitting of ammonium chloride into ammonia and hydrogen chloride is an example. On cooling, they recombine to form the salt.

Solution 4.

(a) Sodium carbonate
(b) NH₄OH
(c) An inert electrode: graphite and Active electrode: silver
(d) H⁺(e) Electrode is cathode
(f) Graphite

Solution 5.

Electrolysis is a redox process. The reaction at the cathode involves reduction of cations as they gain of electrons while the reaction at anode involves oxidation of anions as they loss of electrons to become neutral.
Example: Dissociation of sodium chloride during electrolysis.
Cathode : Na⁺ + e^– → Na (reduction)
Cl^– – e^–→ Cl (oxidation)
Cl + Cl → Cl₂Overall reaction: 2NaCl → 2Na + Cl₂

Exercise Intext 2

Solution 1.

(a) Glucose, Kerosene
(b) NaCl and NaOH
(c) CH₃COOH and NH₄OH

Solution 2.

(a) Cane sugar is a compound which does not have ions even in solution and contains only molecules. Hence, it does not conduct electricity. On the other hand, sodium chloride solution contains free mobile ions and allows electric current to pass through it. This makes it a good conductor of electricity.

(b) Hydrochloric acid is a strong electrolyte and dissociates completely in aqueous solution. The solution contains free mobile ions which allow electric current to pass through it. Hence, hydrochloric acid is a good conductor of electricity.

(c) Hydrogen is placed lower in the electrochemical series and sodium is placed at a higher position. This is because H⁺ ions are discharged more easily at the cathode than Na⁺during electrolysis and gains electrons more easily.
Therefore, H⁺ ion is reduced at the cathode and not Na⁺ ion.

Solution 3.

(a) Zn occurs readily as ion whereas Cu occurs more readily as metal in nature.

(b) Copper is above silver in the electrochemical series and is thus more reactive than silver. So, copper displaces silver from silver nitrate. Hence, we cannot store AgNO₃ solution in copper vessel.
Cu +AgNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag

Solution 4.

(a) By treating its salt with a more reactive metal.
(b) By supplying two electrons to Cu⁺²Cu⁺²+ 2e^–→ Cu

Solution 5.

In the aqueous state, the slightly negatively charged oxygen atoms of the polar water molecule exerts a pull on the positively charged sodium ions. A similar pull is exerted by the slightly charged hydrogen atoms of the water on the negatively charged chloride ions. Thus the ions become free in solution. These free ions conduct electricity.
In the molten state, the high temperatures required to melt the solid weakens the bond between the particles and the ions are set free.

Solution 6.

(a) Two anions are and OH^–.

(b) OH^– is discharged at anode and the main product of the discharge of OH^– is O₂Reaction is :
OH^–→ OH + e^–4OH → 2H₂O + O₂

(d) No change in colour is observed.

(e) Dilute sulphuric acid catalyse the dissociation of water molecules into ions, hence electrolysis of acidified water is considered as an example of catalysis.

Solution 7.

(a) Labelled diagram of electrolytic cell is:

(b) The ions present in the cell are Cu²⁺, H⁺, SO₄^2- , OH^–.
(c) SO₄^2- and OH^– ions both migrate towards anode.
(d) Both Cu²⁺ and H⁺ ions migrate towards cathode.
(e) SO₄^2- and H⁺ will not discharge at electrodes.
(f) Reaction at cathode:
Cu⁺² +2e^– → Cu
(g) Reaction at anode:
OH^– – e^– → OH
2OH + 2OH → 2H₂O + O₂(h) Sulphate ions are the spectator ions because they do not change in the reaction.

Solution 8.

(a) Reaction at anode during the electrolysis ofvery dilute sulphuric acid:
OH^– → OH + e^–4OH → 2H₂O + O₂

(b) Reaction at anode during the electrolysis of aqueous copper sulphate solution
4OH^– → 4OH + 4e^–4OH → 2H₂O + O₂

(d) Reaction at anode during the electrolysis of fused lead bromide
Br^– – e^–→ Br
Br + Br → Br₂

(e) Reaction at anode during the electrolysis of magnesium chloride (molten)
2Cl^– → Cl₂ +2e^–

(f) Concentrated HCl,
HCl in the pure liquid state is unionised and hence does not conduct electricity.

(g) Very dilute HCl,
Cl^– – e^– → Cl
Cl + Cl → Cl₂

Solution 9.

(a) Electrolyte
(b) Nickel
(c) Cathode
(d) Anode
(e) Cations

Exercise 1

Solution 1.

(a) During electrolysis of lead bromide, there is loss of electrons at anode by bromine and gain of electrons at cathode by lead. Thus oxidation and reduction go side by side. Therefore, it is a redox reaction.
PbBr₂ → Pb⁺² + 2Br^–

(b) The blue colour of copper ions fades due to decrease in Cu⁺² ions and finally the solution becomes colourless as soon as Cu⁺² ions are finished.

(c) Lead bromide dissociate into ions in the molten state whereas it does not dissociate in solid state. The ions become free when lead bromide is in molten state but in the solid state the ions are not free since they are packed tightly together due to electrostatic force between them. Therefore, lead bromide undergoes electrolytic dissociation in the molten state.

(d) Aluminium has great affinity towards oxygen, so it is not reduced by reducing agent. Therefore it is extracted from its oxide by electrolytic reduction.

(e) As per electrolytic reactions, 4H⁺¹ are needed at cathode and 4OH^– at the anode and two molecules of water are produced at the anode. Hence for every two molecules of water, two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen are liberated at the cathode and anode respectively.

(f) This is because HNO₃ is volatile.

(g) Ammonia is a covalent compound. Therefore, it is unionized in the gaseous state but in the aqueous solution it gives NH₄OH which is a weak electrolyte and dissociates into ions.

(h) Graphite is unaffected by the bromine vapours.

(i) Silver nitrate is not used as electrolyte for electroplating with silver because the deposition of silver will be very fast and hence not very smooth and uniform.

(j) Carbon tetrachloride is a liquid and does not conduct electricity because it is a covalent compound and there are no free ions present and contain only molecules.

Solution 2.

(a) Strong electrolyte : Dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulphuric acid, ammonium chloride, sodium acetate
(b) Weak electrolyte: Acetic acid, ammonium hydroxide
(c) Non-electrolyte: Carbon tetrachloride

Solution 3.

(a) Molecules
(b) Will not

Solution 4.

Water is a non-conductor of electricity and consists entirely of molecules. It can be electrolytically decomposed by addition of traces of dilutesulphuric acid which dissociate as H⁺ and SO₄^2- ions and help in dissociating water into H⁺ and OH^–, water being a polar solvent.

Solution 5.

	Anode	Electrolyte	Cathode
Silver plating of spoon	Plate of pure clean silver	Solution of potassiumargentocyanide	Article to be electroplated
Purification of copper	Impure copper	Solution of coppersulphate and dilutesulphuric acid	Thin strip of pure copper

Solution 6.

Electricity, Chemical

Solution 7.

(b) CuSO₄ is preferred as an electrolyte.

(c) The copper anode continuously dissolves as ions in solution and is replaced periodically. The electrolyte dissociates into Cu⁺² ions which migrate towards the iron object taken as the cathode and are deposited as neutral copper atoms on the cathode.
Electrolyte: Aqueous solution of nickel sulphate
Dissociation: CuSO₄ → Cu²⁺ + SO₄^2-
H₂O → H⁺ + OH^–Electrodes:
Cathode: Article to be electroplated
Anode: Block of pure copper
Electrode reactions:
Reaction at cathode: Cu²⁺ + 2e^–→ Cu (deposited)
Reaction at anode: Cu – 2e^–→ Cu²⁺

Solution 1 (2004).

(a) X → X²⁺ + 2e^– , Y + 3e^–→ Y^3-(b) Y₂ + 3X → X₃Y₂(c) (i) It is used for the electroplating of metals.
(ii) It is also used in purification of metals.
(d) Cathode, Anode

Solution 1 (2005).

(a) Because Copper is an electronic conductor as it is a metal.
(b) In solid sodium chloride, Na⁺ and Cl^– ions are not free due to strong electrostatic forces of attraction among them. The ions, therefore are unable to move to any large extent when electric field is affected. Hence no current.

Solution 1 (2006).

(a) (i) The name of electrode A is Platinum anode and that of electrode B is platinum or copper cathode.
(ii) Anode act as oxidizing electrode.
(b) AgNO₃solution will turn blue.

Solution 1 (2007).

(i) Molten ionic compound: Strong electrolytes
(ii) Carbon tetrachloride: Non-electrolyte
(iii) An aluminium wire: Metallic conductor
(iv) A solution containing solvent molecules, solute molecules and ions formed by dissociation of solute molecules: Weak electrolyte
(v) A sugar solution with sugar molecules and water molecules: Non- electrolyte

Solution 1 (2008).

(a) The reaction takes place at anode. This is an example of oxidation.
(b) Cu⁺² will discharge easily at cathode.
Reaction at cathode:
Cu⁺² +2e^– → Cu
(c) Carbon tetrachloride is a non-electrolyte because it is a covalent compound. It does not ionize and hence do not conduct electricity.

Solution 2 (2004).

(a) Non-electrolyte contains molecules.
(b) Molecules of HX and H⁺ and X^– ions.
(c) Loss
(d) The electrolyte used for the purpose must contain the ions of metal which is to be electroplated on the article.
(e) The reaction at the cathode involves reduction of cations as they gain electrons to become neutral atoms while that at anode involves oxidation of anions as they lose electrons to become neutral.
Example: Dissociation of sodium chloride during electrolysis.
NaCl → Na⁺ + Cl^–At cathode: Na⁺ + e^– Na (Reduction)
At anode: Cl^– – e^– → Cl(oxidation)
Cl + Cl → Cl₂Overall reaction: 2NaCl → 2Na + Cl₂

Solution 2 (2005).

Hydrogen gas is released at cathode when acidulated water is electrolyzed.

Solution 2 (2008).

During the electrolysis of molten lead bromide. Lead is deposited at cathode.

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ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – वह जन्मभूमि मेरी [कविता]

February 4, 2024

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – वह जन्मभूमि मेरी [कविता]

ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions ML Aggarwal Solutions

प्रश्न क-i:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी, वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
ऊँचा खड़ा हिमालय आकाश चूमता है,
नीचे चरण तले झुक, नित सिंधु झूमता है।
गंगा यमुना त्रिवेणी नदियाँ लहर रही हैं,
जगमग छटा निराली पग-पग छहर रही है।
वह पुण्य भूमि मेरी, वह स्वर्ण भूमि मेरी।
कवि किस भूमि की बात कर रहा है?

उत्तर:
कवि अपनी जन्मभूमि भारतमाता की बात कर रहा है।

प्रश्न क-ii:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी, वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
ऊँचा खड़ा हिमालय आकाश चूमता है,
नीचे चरण तले झुक, नित सिंधु झूमता है।
गंगा यमुना त्रिवेणी नदियाँ लहर रही हैं,
जगमग छटा निराली पग-पग छहर रही है।
वह पुण्य भूमि मेरी, वह स्वर्ण भूमि मेरी।
कवि ने हिमालय के बारे में क्या कहा है?

उत्तर :
कवि कहते है कि हिमालय इतना ऊँचा है मानो आसमान को चूम रहा है। वह हमारे भारत की रक्षा करता है।

प्रश्न क-iii:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी, वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
ऊँचा खड़ा हिमालय आकाश चूमता है,
नीचे चरण तले झुक, नित सिंधु झूमता है।
गंगा यमुना त्रिवेणी नदियाँ लहर रही हैं,
जगमग छटा निराली पग-पग छहर रही है।
वह पुण्य भूमि मेरी, वह स्वर्ण भूमि मेरी।
त्रिवेणी नदियों के नाम लिखिए।

उत्तर:
गंगा, यमुना और सरस्वती त्रिवेणी नदियाँ है।

प्रश्न क-iv:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी, वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
ऊँचा खड़ा हिमालय आकाश चूमता है,
नीचे चरण तले झुक, नित सिंधु झूमता है।
गंगा यमुना त्रिवेणी नदियाँ लहर रही हैं,
जगमग छटा निराली पग-पग छहर रही है।
वह पुण्य भूमि मेरी, वह स्वर्ण भूमि मेरी।
शब्दार्थ लिखिए :
मातृभूमि, सिंधु, नित, पुण्य भूमि

उत्तर:

शब्द	अर्थ
मातृभूमि	जन्म भूमि
सिंधु	समुद्र
नित	प्रतिदिन
पुण्य भूमि	पवित्र भूमि

प्रश्न ख-i:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी, वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
झरने अनेक झरते जिसकी पहाड़ियों में,
चिड़िया चहक रही हैं, हो मस्त झाड़ियों में।
अमराइयाँ घनी हैं कोयल पुकारती है,
बहती मलय पवन है, तन मन सँवारती है।
वह धर्मभूमि मेरी, वह कर्मभूमि मेरी।
कवि ने भारत के लिए किन-किन विशेषणों का प्रयोग किया है?

उत्तर:
पकवि ने भारत के लिए जन्मभूमि, मातृभूमि, धर्मभूमि तथा कर्मभूमि विशेषणों का प्रयोग किया है।

प्रश्न ख-ii:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी, वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
झरने अनेक झरते जिसकी पहाड़ियों में,
चिड़िया चहक रही हैं, हो मस्त झाड़ियों में।
अमराइयाँ घनी हैं कोयल पुकारती है,
बहती मलय पवन है, तन मन सँवारती है।
वह धर्मभूमि मेरी, वह कर्मभूमि मेरी।
झरने कहाँ झरते हैं?

उत्तर:
पझरने भारत माता की पवित्र पहाड़ियों पर झरते हैं।

प्रश्न ख-iii:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी, वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
झरने अनेक झरते जिसकी पहाड़ियों में,
चिड़िया चहक रही हैं, हो मस्त झाड़ियों में।
अमराइयाँ घनी हैं कोयल पुकारती है,
बहती मलय पवन है, तन मन सँवारती है।
वह धर्मभूमि मेरी, वह कर्मभूमि मेरी।
भारत की हवा कैसी है? उसका हम पर क्या प्रभाव होता है?

उत्तर:
भारत में बहने वाली हवा सुगंधित है। यह हमारे तन-मन को सँवारती है।

प्रश्न ख-iv:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी, वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
झरने अनेक झरते जिसकी पहाड़ियों में,
चिड़िया चहक रही हैं, हो मस्त झाड़ियों में।
अमराइयाँ घनी हैं कोयल पुकारती है,
बहती मलय पवन है, तन मन सँवारती है।
वह धर्मभूमि मेरी, वह कर्मभूमि मेरी।
शब्दार्थ लिखिए :
अमराइयाँ, मलय, पवन

उत्तर:

शब्द	अर्थ
अमराइयाँ	आम के पेड़ों के बाग
मलय	पर्वत का नाम
पवन	हवा

प्रश्न ग-i:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
जन्मे जहाँ थे रघुपति, जन्मी जहाँ थी सीता,
श्रीकृष्ण ने सुनाई, वंशी पुनीत गीता।
गौतम ने जन्म लेकर, जिसका सुयश बढ़ाया,
जग को दया सिखाई, जग को दिया दिखाया।
वह युद्ध-भूमि मेरी, वह बुद्ध-भूमि मेरी।
वह मातृभूमि मेरी, वह जन्मभूमि मेरी।
कवि भारत की भूमि को पावन क्यों मानते हैं?

उत्तर:
पकवि भारत की भूमि को पावन मानते हैं क्योंकि यहाँ राम, सीता, श्रीकृष्ण तथा गौतम जैसे महान अवतार अवतरित हुए थे।

प्रश्न ग-ii:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
जन्मे जहाँ थे रघुपति, जन्मी जहाँ थी सीता,
श्रीकृष्ण ने सुनाई, वंशी पुनीत गीता।
गौतम ने जन्म लेकर, जिसका सुयश बढ़ाया,
जग को दया सिखाई, जग को दिया दिखाया।
वह युद्ध-भूमि मेरी, वह बुद्ध-भूमि मेरी।
वह मातृभूमि मेरी, वह जन्मभूमि मेरी।
गौतम कौन थे? उन्होंने क्या उपदेश दिया था?

उत्तर:
गौतम बौद्ध धर्म चलाने वाले महापुरुष थे। उन्होंने जीवों पर दया रखने का उपदेश दिया।

प्रश्न ग-iii:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
जन्मे जहाँ थे रघुपति, जन्मी जहाँ थी सीता,
श्रीकृष्ण ने सुनाई, वंशी पुनीत गीता।
गौतम ने जन्म लेकर, जिसका सुयश बढ़ाया,
जग को दया सिखाई, जग को दिया दिखाया।
वह युद्ध-भूमि मेरी, वह बुद्ध-भूमि मेरी।
वह मातृभूमि मेरी, वह जन्मभूमि मेरी।
‘श्रीकृष्ण ने सुनाई, वंशी पुनीत गीता’ – पंक्ति का आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए।

उत्तर:
उपर्युक्त पंक्ति का आशय यह है कि यह वहीं पवन भारत भूमि है जहाँ भगवान श्रीकृष्ण ने जन्म लिया था। गोकुल और मथुरा की गोपियों को अपनी मुरली की धुन से मोहित कर दिया था तथा कुरुक्षेत्र के युद्ध में अर्जुन को गीता का उपदेश दिया था।

प्रश्न ग-iv:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह जन्मभूमि मेरी वह मातृभूमि मेरी।
जन्मे जहाँ थे रघुपति, जन्मी जहाँ थी सीता,
श्रीकृष्ण ने सुनाई, वंशी पुनीत गीता।
गौतम ने जन्म लेकर, जिसका सुयश बढ़ाया,
जग को दया सिखाई, जग को दिया दिखाया।
वह युद्ध-भूमि मेरी, वह बुद्ध-भूमि मेरी।
वह मातृभूमि मेरी, वह जन्मभूमि मेरी।
शब्दार्थ लिखिए :
रघुपति, वंशी, पुनीत, जंग

उत्तर:

शब्द	अर्थ
रघुपति	भगवान श्री राम
वंशी	बांसुरी
पुनीत	पवित्र
जंग	संसार

ICSE Class 10 English Solutions The Tiger in the Tunnel

February 4, 2024

ICSE Class 10 English Solutions The Tiger in the Tunnel

Passage 1

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Tembu, the boy, opened his eyes in the dark and wondered if his father was ready to leave the hut on his nightly errand. There was no moon that night, and the deathly stillness of the surrounding jungle was broken only occasionally by the shrill cry of a cicada. Sometimes from far off came the hollow hammering of a woodpecker, carried along on the faint breeze. Or the grunt of a wild boar could be heard as he dug up a favourite root. But these sounds were rare, and the silence of the forest always returned to swallow them up.
Baldeo, the watchman, was awake. He stretched himself slowly unwinding the heavy shawl that covered him. It was close on midnight and the chill air made him shiver. The station, a small shack backed by heavy jungle, was a station in name only; for trains only stopped there, if at all, for a few seconds before entering the deep cutting that led to the tunnel. Most trains merely slowed down before taking the sharp curve before cutting.

What errand did Tembu’s father run every night?

Answer:
Tembu’s father went out every night to check if the lamp was burning and to manually signal the upland mail and ensure that it had passed through the tunnel safely.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Describe the night when Baldeo got ready to leave on his errand?

Answer:
It was a moonless night when Baldeo got ready to leave on his errand. There was deathly stillness around the jungle except for the occasional cry of the cicada, or a grunt of a wild boar, or the hammering of the woodpecker. It was close to midnight and the chilling air made Baldeo shiver.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why was the station said to be a station in name only?

Answer:
The station was said to be in name only because trains only stopped there if at all for a few seconds before entering the deep cutting that led to the tunnel. Most trains only slowed down before taking the sharp curve before the cutting.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Who was Tembu? Where did he live?

Answer:
Tembu was a 12 year-old tribal boy who lived in a tribal village with his mother and little sister on the outskirts of the forest. He would usually stay at home to help his mother and be with her as the village was three miles away from the station. They had a small rice felid which barely provided them with a living. Baldeo took up the job of a khalasi at the station to help the family financially.

Passage 2

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Still drowsy, Baldeo groped for his lamp in darkness then fumbled about in search of matches. When he had produced a light he left the hut, closed the door behind him and set off along the permanent way. Tembu had fallen asleep again.

Why do you think Tembu wanted to accompany his father to the signal post?

Answer:
Tembu might have wanted to accompany his father to the signal post to avoid being left alone in the hut. It is also possible that Tembu wanted to give his father some company and help him at the signal post.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What did Baldeo carry with him when he left for the signal post? Why?

Answer:
Baldeo carried with him a steel axe to protect himself from the wild animals lurking around in the dark near the tunnel.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why did Baldeo carry a shawl with him?

Answer:
It was very cold outside and Baldeo wrapped himself in his shawl to feel warm.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why was Baldeo struggling about as he left the hut?

Answer:
It was close to midnight and Baldeo had forcefully woken up from his sleep to attend the signal post. He had joined as a khalasi just a month ago to earn more money for his family. During the daytime, he would work on his rice field. Baldeo was feeling tried and needed some sleep, but his work as a khalasi demanded that he remained awake throughout the night to guard the signal post. Tired and sleep deprived, Baldeo struggled about in his hut before leaving for the signal post.

Passage 3

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

He had heard many tales of the famous tunnel tiger, a man-eater, which was supposed to frequent this spot; he hardly believed these stories for since his arrival at this place a month ago, he had not seen or even heard a tiger. There had, of course, been panthers, and only a few days ago the villagers had killed one with their spears and axes. Baldeo had occasionally heard the sawing of a panther calling to its mate, but they had not come near the tunnel or shed.

Why is the tiger referred to as the tunnel tiger?

Answer:
The tiger is referred to as the tunnel tiger as it would often enter the tunnel from the jungle and wreak havoc in the lives of the people.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why didn’t Baldeo believe in the stories about the tiger?

Answer:
Baldeo did not believe in the stories about the tiger in the tunnel because it had been a month since he had joined as the khalasi but had not once seen or even heard a tiger.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Which animals had attacked the village recently?

Answer:
The village had been attacked by a panther a few days ago. The villagers killed the panther with their spears and axes.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

How did the villagers describe the tiger?

Answer:
The villagers had many stories about the tiger. Most of them called the animal the tunnel tiger because he would come towards the village through the tunnel. The tiger was also called the maneater as he would attack and kill people from the village.

Passage 4

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

For some time there was only silence. Even the usual jungle noises seemed to have ceased altogether. Then a thump and the rattle of small stones announced that the tiger had sprung into the cutting. Baldeo, listening as he had never listened before, wondered if it was making for the tunnel or the opposite direction the direction of the hut, in which Tembu would be lying unprotected. He did not have to wonder for long.

How did Baldeo know that the tiger had entered the cutting?

Answer:
There was a thump and a rattle of small stones in the tunnel indicating that the tiger had entered the cutting.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why was Baldeo intently listening to the sound coming from the cutting?

Answer:
Baldeo was intently listening to the sounds coming from the cutting in order to find out where the tiger was coming from. He also tried to figure out whether the tiger was making for the tunnel or the opposite direction, where the hut was in which his boy lay unprotected.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why was there no point in running?

Answer:
The tiger would spot Baldeo sooner in the dark if he attempted to run away as animals can see in the dark better than humans. The tiger’s eyes shone brilliantly in the light from the signal lamp. Also a tiger is faster than a man therefore Baldeo concluded that there was no point in running.

Passage 5

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

The tiger drew off and sat down licking his wounded leg, roaring every now and then with agony. He did not notice the faint rumble that shook the earth, followed by the distant puffing of an engine steadily climbing.

How did Baldeo position himself to fight the tiger?

Answer:
Baldeo stood with his back to the signal post, aware that the tiger was trotting in his direction. The beast was fearless, as it had been killing humans for a long time and knew the ways of men.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What did the faint rumble indicate?

Answer:
The faint rumble was that of the arriving upland train which would soon enter the cutting and pass through the tunnel.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why did Baldeo decide to fight the tiger?

Answer:
It would have been very easy for Baldeo to run away from the scene. However, he chose to fight the tiger so as to stop him from moving towards the hut where his son Tembu was sleeping unprotected.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

How did the tiger get wounded?

Answer:
Baldeo was ready for the tiger. He was a tribal man and knew the ways of the jungle. When the tiger struck out at Baldeo with its right paw, Baldeo avoided the attack with his agile leap and brought his axe down on the tiger’s shoulder. He attacked the tiger fiercely with his steel axe and almost got the beast’s leg. The axe remained stuck in the bone, wounding the beast grievously.

Passage 6

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

At the next station the driver slowed down and stopped his train to water the engine. He got down to stretch his legs and decided to examine the head-lamps. He received the surprise of his life…

What happened to Baldeo when the tiger attacked him?

Answer:
Although Baldeo injured the tiger, the beast sprang on him, tearing down his broken body. Baldeo was killed by the tiger’s attack.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

At the next station the driver slowed down and stopped his train to water the engine. He got down to stretch his legs and decided to examine the head-lamps. He received the surprise of his life…

Why did the tiger feel trapped like a man?

Answer:
Although Baldeo succumbed to his injuries after the tiger attacked him, he had brought down his axe on the tiger injuring him badly. As the tiger sat licking his wound inside the tunnel, he heard the engine of the upland mail train approaching the tunnel. The wounded leg limited the animal’s ability to run, and therefore, the tiger felt as if it were trapped like a man in the tunnel.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

At the next station the driver slowed down and stopped his train to water the engine. He got down to stretch his legs and decided to examine the head-lamps. He received the surprise of his life…

What surprised the engine driver?

Answer:
When the engine driver got down at the next station to stretch his legs, he decided to examine the head-lamps of the train. To his surprise, he saw the major portion of the tiger just above the cow-catcher, cut in half by the engine.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

At the next station the driver slowed down and stopped his train to water the engine. He got down to stretch his legs and decided to examine the head-lamps. He received the surprise of his life…

Describe Baldeo’s encounter with the tiger.

Answer:
Baldeo avoided the paw of the tiger with his marvellously agile leap when the tiger struck him. He brought his axe down on the animal’s shoulder twice and on the second strike the axe got stuck to tiger’s shoulder bone, almost severing its limb. Baldeo was left without a weapon with the axe stuck in the animal’s shoulder. Taking advantage of this, the tiger sprang on Baldeo bringing him down and tearing his body. It was over in a few minutes and the night closed in on Baldeo forever.

Passage 7

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

He sat down in the darkness to wait for the train, and sang softly to himself. There was nothing to be afraid of – his father had killed the tiger, the forest gods were pleased; and besides, he had the axe with him, his father’s axe, and he now knew to use it.

What was the effect of Baldeo’s death on his family?

Answer:
Baldeo was the only earning member of his family. After his death, Tembu, his mother, and his sister were plunged in grief for two whole days.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

How was the atmosphere at the cutting different from that at the station?

Answer:
There was considerable excitement and conjecture at the station, as the driver had spotted a major portion of the tiger cut in half by the engine. However, back at the cutting there was no sound except for the sobs of Tembu who sat beside the body of his father. He sat there a long time guarding his father’s body from jackals and hyenas until the first faint light of dawn brought with it the arrival of the relief-watchman.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What role did Tembu assume after Baldeo’s death?

Answer:
Baldeo’s family was plunged into grief for two whole days after Baldeo died in the tiger attack. However, life had to go on and the entire responsibility of supporting the family now fell on Tembu. Three nights later, he was at the cutting, lighting the signal-lamp for the overland mail. He sat down in the darkness to wait for the train, and sang softly to himself. He was not afraid of anything, for his father had killed the tiger, and he had his father’s axe with him which he knew how to use.

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – बड़े घर की बेटी

February 4, 2024

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – बड़े घर की बेटी

ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions ML Aggarwal Solutions

प्रश्न क-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
यह इसलिए नहीं कि उसे अपने सास-ससुर, देवर या जेठ आदि से घृणा थी बल्कि उसका विचार था कि यदि बहुत कुछ सहने पर भी परिवार के साथ निर्वाह न हो सके तो आए दिन के कलह से जीवन को नष्ट करने की अपेक्षा अच्छा है कि अपनी खिचड़ी अलग पकाई जाय।
बेनी माधव के कितने पुत्र थे उनका परिचय दें।

उत्तर:
बेनी माधव के दो बेटे थे बड़े का नाम श्रीकंठ था। उसने बहुत दिनों के परिश्रम और उद्योग के बाद बी.ए. की डिग्री प्राप्त की थी और इस समय वह एक दफ़्तर में नौकर था। छोटा लड़का लाल बिहारी सिंह दोहरे बदन का सजीला जवान था।

प्रश्न क-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
यह इसलिए नहीं कि उसे अपने सास-ससुर, देवर या जेठ आदि से घृणा थी बल्कि उसका विचार था कि यदि बहुत कुछ सहने पर भी परिवार के साथ निर्वाह न हो सके तो आए दिन के कलह से जीवन को नष्ट करने की अपेक्षा अच्छा है कि अपनी खिचड़ी अलग पकाई जाय।
श्रीकंठ कैसे विचारों के व्यक्ति थे?

उत्तर :
श्रीकंठ बी.ए. इस अंग्रेजी डिग्री के अधिपति होने पर भी पाश्चात्य सामजिक प्रथाओं के विशेष प्रेमी न थे, बल्कि वे बहुधा बड़े जोर से उसकी निंदा और तिरस्कार किया करते थे। वे प्राचीन सभ्यता का गुणगान उनकी प्रकृति का प्रधान अंग था। सम्मिलित कुंटुब के तो वे एक मात्र उपासक थे। आजकल स्त्रियों में मिलजुलकर रहने में जो अरुचि थी श्रीकंठ उसे जाति और समाज के लिए हानिकारक समझते थे।

प्रश्न क-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
यह इसलिए नहीं कि उसे अपने सास-ससुर, देवर या जेठ आदि से घृणा थी बल्कि उसका विचार था कि यदि बहुत कुछ सहने पर भी परिवार के साथ निर्वाह न हो सके तो आए दिन के कलह से जीवन को नष्ट करने की अपेक्षा अच्छा है कि अपनी खिचड़ी अलग पकाई जाय।
गाँव की स्त्रियाँ श्रीकंठ की निंदक क्यों थीं?

उत्तर:
श्रीकंठ स्त्रियों में मिलजुलकर रहने में जो अरुचि थी उसे जाति और समाज के लिए हानिकारक समझते थे। वे प्राचीन सभ्यता का गुणगान और सम्मिलित कुंटुब के उपासक थे। इसलिए गाँव की स्त्रियाँ श्रीकंठ की निंदक थीं। कोई-कोई तो उन्हें अपना शत्रु समझने में भी संकोच नहीं करती थीं।

प्रश्न क-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
यह इसलिए नहीं कि उसे अपने सास-ससुर,देवर या जेठ आदि से घृणा थी बल्कि उसका विचार था कि यदि बहुत कुछ सहने पर भी परिवार के साथ निर्वाह न हो सके तो आए दिन के कलह से जीवन को नष्ट करने की अपेक्षा अच्छा है कि अपनी खिचड़ी अलग पकाई जाय।
आनंदी की सम्मिलित कुंटुब के बारे में राय अपने पति से अलग क्यों थी?

उत्तर:
आनंदी स्वभाव से बड़ी अच्छी स्त्री थी। वह घर के सभी लोगों का सम्मान और आदर करती थी परंतु उसकी राय संयुक्त परिवार के बारे में अपने पति से ज़रा अलग थी। उसके अनुसार यदि बहुत कुछ समझौता करने पर भी परिवार के साथ निर्वाह करना मुश्किल हो तो अलग हो जाना ही बेहतर है।

प्रश्न ख-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“लालबिहारी को भावज की यह ढिठाई बुरी मालूम हुई तिनकर बोला मैके में तो जैसे घी की नदियाँ बहती हो। स्त्रियाँ गालियाँ सह लेती है, मार भी सह लेती है, पर उससे मैके की निंदा नहीं सही जाती।”
आनंदी और उसके देवर के बीच झगड़े का क्या कारण था?

उत्तर:
आनंदी ने सारा पावभर घी मांस पकाने में उपयोग कर दिया था जिसके कारण दाल में घी नहीं था। दाल में घी का न होना ही उनके झगड़े का कारण था।

प्रश्न ख-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“लालबिहारी को भावज की यह ढिठाई बुरी मालूम हुई तिनकर बोला मैके में तो जैसे घी की नदियाँ बहती हो। स्त्रियाँ गालियाँ सह लेती है, मार भी सह लेती है, पर उससे मैके की निंदा नहीं सही जाती।”
लालबिहारी के किस कथन से आनंदी को दुःख पहुँचा और क्यों?

उत्तर:
घी की बात को लेकर लालबिहारी ने अपनी भाभी को ताना मार दिया कि जैसे उनके मायके में घी को नदियाँ बहती हैं और यही आनंदी के दुःख का कारण था क्योंकि आनंदी बड़े घर की बेटी थी उसके यहाँ किसी भी चीज की कोई कमी नहीं थी।

प्रश्न ख-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“लालबिहारी को भावज की यह ढिठाई बुरी मालूम हुई तिनकर बोला मैके में तो जैसे घी की नदियाँ बहती हो। स्त्रियाँ गालियाँ सह लेती है, मार भी सह लेती है, पर उससे मैके की निंदा नहीं सही जाती।”
उपर्युक्त संवाद का प्रसंग स्पष्ट कीजिए?

उत्तर:
आनंदी बड़े घर की बेटी होने के कारण किफायत नहीं जानती थी इसलिए आनंदी ने हांडी का सारा घी मांस पकाने में उपयोग कर दिया जिसके कारण दाल में डालने के लिए घी नहीं बचा और इसी कारणवश देवर और भाभी में झगडा हो जाता है।

प्रश्न ख-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“लालबिहारी को भावज की यह ढिठाई बुरी मालूम हुई तिनकर बोला मैके में तो जैसे घी की नदियाँ बहती हो। स्त्रियाँ गालियाँ सह लेती है, मार भी सह लेती है,पर उससे मैके की निंदा नहीं सही जाती।”
स्त्रियाँ गालियाँ सह लेती है, मार भी सह लेती है, पर उससे मैके की निंदा नहीं सही जाती से क्या तात्पर्य है?

उत्तर:
उपर्युक्त संवाद से तात्पर्य स्त्री आत्मगौरव से है। भले ही स्त्रियों की शादी हो जाए, काम के सिलसिले में उन्हें दूसरे शहर और घर में रहना पड़े, सफलता के शिखर को छू लें परंतु मायका ऐसा संवेदनशील विषय है जिसे स्त्री कभी भी छोड़ नहीं पाती है। वे सब कुछ सह लेगी लेकिन कभी भी अपने माता-पिता और मायके की बुराई नहीं सुन सकती।

प्रश्न ग-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
इलाहबाद का अनुभव रहित झल्लाया हुआ ग्रेजुएट इस बात को न समझ सका। उसे डिबेटिंग – क्लब में अपनी बात पर अड़ने की आदत थी, इन हथकंडों की उसे क्या खबर?
यहाँ पर इलाहबाद का अनुभव रहित झल्लाया हुआ ग्रेजुएट किसे संबोधित किया जा रहा है और वह क्या नहीं समझ पा रहा था?

उत्तर:
यहाँ पर बेनी माधव सिंह के के बड़े पुत्र श्रीकंठ को अनुभव रहित झल्लाया हुआ ग्रेजुएट संबोधित किया जा रहा है।
श्रीकंठ अपनी पत्नी की शिकायत पर अपने पिता के सामने घर से अलग हो जाने का प्रस्ताव रखता है। जिस समय वह ये बातें करता है वहाँ पर गाँव के अन्य लोग भी उपस्थित होते हैं। बेनी माधव अनुभवी होने के कारण घर के मामलों को घर में ही सुलझाना चाहते थे और यही बात श्रीकंठ को समझ नहीं आ रही थी। पिता के समझाने पर भी वह लोगों के सामने घर से अलग होने की बात दोहरा रहा था।

प्रश्न ग-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
इलाहबाद का अनुभव रहित झल्लाया हुआ ग्रेजुएट इस बात को न समझ सका। उसे डिबेटिंग – क्लब में अपनी बात पर अड़ने की आदत थी, इन हथकंडों की उसे क्या खबर?
बेनी माधव सिंह ने अपने बेटे का क्रोध शांत करने के लिए क्या किया?

उत्तर:
अनुभवी बेनी माधव सिंह ने अपने बेटे का क्रोध शांत करने के लिए कहा कि वे उसकी बातों से सहमत है श्रीकंठ जो चाहे कर सकते हैं क्योंकि उनके छोटे बेटे से अपराध तो हो ही गया है साथ ही उन्होंने यह भी कहा कि बुद्धिमान लोग मूर्खों की बात पर ध्यान नहीं देते। लालबिहारी बेसमझ लड़का है उससे जो भी भूल हुई है उसे श्रीकंठ बड़ा होने के नाते माफ़ कर दे।

प्रश्न ग-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
इलाहबाद का अनुभव रहित झल्लाया हुआ ग्रेजुएट इस बात को न समझ सका। उसे डिबेटिंग – क्लब में अपनी बात पर अड़ने की आदत थी, इन हथकंडों की उसे क्या खबर?
गाँव के लोग बेनी माधव सिंह के घर आकर क्यों बैठ गए थे?

उत्तर:
गाँव में कुछ कुटिल मनुष्य ऐसे भी थे जो बेनी माधव सिंह के संयुक्त परिवार और परिवार की नीतिपूर्ण गति से जलते थे उन्हें जब पता चला कि अपनी पत्नी की खातिर श्रीकंठ अपने पिता से लड़ने चला है तो कोई हुक्का पीने, कोई लगान की रसीद दिखाने के बहाने बेनी माधव सिंह के घर जमा होने लगे।

प्रश्न ग-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
इलाहबाद का अनुभव रहित झल्लाया हुआ ग्रेजुएट इस बात को न समझ सका। उसे डिबेटिंग – क्लब में अपनी बात पर अड़ने की आदत थी, इन हथकंडों की उसे क्या खबर?
उपर्युक्त कथन का संदर्भ स्पष्ट करें।

उत्तर:
श्रीकंठ क्रोधित होने के कारण अपने पिता से सबके सामने लड़ पड़ते हैं। पिता नहीं चाहते थे कि घर की बात बाहर वालों को पता चले परंतु श्रीकंठ अनुभवी पिता की बातें नहीं समझ पाता और लोगों के सामने ही पिता से बहस करने लगता है। उपर्युक्त कथन श्रीकंठ की इसी नासमझी को बताने के लिया कहा गया है।

प्रश्न घ-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
बेनी माधव बाहर से आ रहे थे। दोनों भाईयों को गले मिलते देखकर आनंद से पुलकित हो गए और बोल उठे, बड़े घर की बेटियाँ ऐसी ही होती हैं। बिगड़ता हुआ काम बना लेती हैं।”
आनंदी की शिकायत का क्या परिणाम हुआ?

उत्तर:
आनंदी का अपने देवर के साथ दाल में घी न डालने पर झगड़ा हो गया था और गुस्से में उसके देवर ने आनंदी पर खड़ाऊँ फेंककर दे मारी थी। आनंदी ने इस बात की शिकायत जब अपने पति श्रीकंठ से की तो वह गुस्से से आग-बबूला हो गया और पिता के सामने जाकर घर से अलग होने की बात कह डाली।

प्रश्न घ-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
बेनी माधव बाहर से आ रहे थे। दोनों भाईयों को गले मिलते देखकर आनंद से पुलकित हो गए और बोल उठे, बड़े घर की बेटियाँ ऐसी ही होती हैं। बिगड़ता हुआ काम बना लेती हैं।”
आनंदी को अपनी बात का पछतावा क्यों हुआ?

उत्तर:
आनंदी ने गुस्से में आकर अपने पति से शिकायत तो कर दी परंतु दयालु व संस्कारी स्वभाव की होने के कारण मन-ही-मन अपनी बात पर पछताने भी लगती है कि क्यों उसने अपने पर काबू नहीं रखा और व्यर्थ में घर में इतना बड़ा उपद्रव खड़ा कर दिया।

प्रश्न घ-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
बेनी माधव बाहर से आ रहे थे। दोनों भाईयों को गले मिलते देखकर आनंद से पुलकित हो गए और बोल उठे, बड़े घर की बेटियाँ ऐसी ही होती हैं। बिगड़ता हुआ काम बना लेती हैं।”
बेनी माधव ने ने आनंदी को बड़े घर की बेटी क्यों कहा?

उत्तर:
आनंदी का देवर जब घर छोड़कर जाने लगा तो स्वयं आनंदी ने आगे बढ़कर अपने देवर को रोक लिया और अपने किए पर पश्चाताप करने लगी। आनंदी ने अपने अपमान को भूलकर दोनों भाईयों में सुलह करवा दी थी। अत: बिगड़े हुए काम को बना देने के कारण बेनी माधव ने आनंदी को बड़े घर की बेटी कहा।

प्रश्न घ-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
बेनी माधव बाहर से आ रहे थे। दोनों भाईयों को गले मिलते देखकर आनंद से पुलकित हो गए और बोल उठे, बड़े घर की बेटियाँ ऐसी ही होती हैं। बिगड़ता हुआ काम बना लेती हैं।”
‘बड़े घर की बेटी’ कहानी का उद्देश्य स्पष्ट करें।

उत्तर:
इस काहनी के माध्यम से लेखक ने स्पष्ट किया है कि किसी भी घर में पारिवारिक शांति और सामंजस्य बनाए रखने में घर की स्त्रियों की अहम् भूमिका होती है। घर की स्त्रियों अपनी समझदारी से टूटते और बिखरते परिवारों को भी जोड़ सकती है। साथ की लेखक ने संयुक्त परिवारों की उपयोगिता को भी इस कहानी के माध्यम से सिद्ध किया है।

ICSE Class 10 English Solutions The Last Leaf

February 2, 2024

ICSE Class 10 English Solutions The Last Leaf

Passage 1

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the colony, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Over on the east side this ravager strode boldly, smiting his victims by scores, but his feet trod slowly through the maze of the narrow and moss-grown “places.”
Mr. Pneumonia was not what you would call a chivalric old gentleman. A mite of a little woman with blood thinned by California zephyrs was hardly fair game for the red-fisted, short-breathed old duffer. But Johnsy he smote; and she lay, scarcely moving, on her painted iron bedstead, looking through the small Dutch window-panes at the blank side of the next brick house.

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a shaggy, grey eyebrow.

“She has one chance in – let us say, ten,” he said, as he shook down the mercury in his clinical thermometer. “And that chance is for her to want to live. This way people have of lining-u on the side of the undertaker makes the entire pharmacopoeia look silly. Your little lady has made up her mind that she’s not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind?”

Who visited the colony in November?

Answer:
In November, the colony was stalked by Pneumonia, whom the author calls an unseen stranger visiting the places and touching here and there with his icy fingers.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a shaggy, grey eyebrow.

How did the disease affect Johnsy?

Answer:
Johnsy was psychologically affected by Pneumonia more than being physically affected. She deeply believed that she would never get well and her doctor told Sue that she was trying hard to not get better.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Mr. Pneumonia was not what you would call a chivalric old gentleman. A mite of a little woman with blood thinned by California zephyrs was hardly fair game for the red-fisted, short-breathed old duffer. But Johnsy he smote; and she lay, scarcely moving, on her painted iron bedstead, looking through the small Dutch window-panes at the blank side of the next brick house.

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a shaggy, grey eyebrow.

What according to the doctor could help Johnsy recover from her illness?

Answer:
According to the doctor if Johnsy set her mind on something or someone which could give her hope to live for example a man, then there would be a chance of her recovering soon from the illness.

Passage 2

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

“Well, it is the weakness, then,” said the doctor. “I will do all that science, so far as it may filter through my efforts, can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines. If you will get her to ask one question about the new winter styles in cloak sleeves I will promise you a one-in-five chance for her, instead of one in ten.”

After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy’s room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.

Who are the speakers in the extract? What are they talking about?

Answer:
The speakers in the extract are Sue and the doctor who is treating Johnsy. The two are discussing Johnsy’s health condition.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy’s room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.

Explain the line ‘I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines’.

Answer:
The above words are uttered by Johnsy’s doctor on realising that Johnsy is not willingly trying to recover from her illness. The doctor says that if Johnsy sets her mind to dying instead of recovering from her illness, he will subtract 50 percent from the curative power of his medicine. This means that not only medication but the patient’s willpower to recover is equally important.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy’s room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.

When did the doctor promise a one-in-five chance of Johnsy recovering?

Answer:
The doctor said that if Sue could make Johnsy discuss the latest winter fashion in cloak sleeves, he would promise a one-in- five chance of her survival.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy’s room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.

What did Sue do after the doctor left?

Answer:
After the doctor had left, Sue went into the workroom and cried hard worrying about Johnsy’s health. The doctor’s remarks on Johnsy’s health made Sue cry ‘a Japanese napkin to a pulp’. Soon after that breakdown, Sue composed herself and walked into Johnsy’s room creating an impression that everything was fine. She didn’t want to upset Johnsy more by discussing how seriously ill she was and that she wouldn’t live for long.

Question 5.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy’s room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.

Explain the phrase ‘swaggered into Johnsy’s room … whistling ragtime’.

Answer:
The author has used the phrase to explain how Sue entered Johnsy’s room after the discussion with the doctor. Although Sue was very upset over Johnsy’s health, she didn’t make it obvious to her friend when she entered the room. She came into the room confidently humming a jazz tune, making Johnsy feel comfortable and good despite her health condition.

Passage 3

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

As Sue was sketching a pair of elegant horseshow riding trousers and a monocle of the figure of the hero, an Idaho cowboy, she heard a low sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.
Johnsy’s eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting – counting backward.
“Twelve,” she said, and little later “eleven”; and then “ten,” and “nine”; and then “eight” and “seven”, almost together.
Sue look solicitously out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine, gnarled and decayed at the roots, climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branches clung, almost bare, to the crumbling bricks.
“What is it, dear?” asked Sue.
“Six,” said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. “They’re falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now it’s easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now.”
“Five what, dear? Tell your Sudie.”

What was Sue drawing?

Answer:
Sue was sketching a pair of elegant horseshow riding trousers and a monocle of the figure of a hero, an Idaho cowboy.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Johnsy’s eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting – counting backward.

“Twelve,” she said, and little later “eleven”; and then “ten,” and “nine”; and then “eight” and “seven”, almost together.
Sue look solicitously out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine, gnarled and decayed at the roots, climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branches clung, almost bare, to the crumbling bricks.

“What is it, dear?” asked Sue.

“Six,” said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. “They’re falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now it’s easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now.”

“Five what, dear? Tell your Sudie.”

What was Johnsy doing when Sue was drawing?

Answer:
Johnsy was lying on her bed with her eyes wide open, staring outside the window and murmuring something softly while Sue was drawing.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Johnsy’s eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting – counting backward.

“What is it, dear?” asked Sue.

“Five what, dear? Tell your Sudie.”

What was Johnsy counting? Why?

Answer:
Johnsy was counting the leaves falling from the Ivy vine. She did this as she believed when the last leaf would fall from the wine, she would die.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Johnsy’s eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting – counting backward.

“What is it, dear?” asked Sue.

“Five what, dear? Tell your Sudie.”

What can one conclude about Johnsy’s state of mind from the given passage?

Answer:
Johnsy seemed to have gone into a state of frenzy because of her failing health. She had given up hope of living, which was also the reason why the doctor had said that she may not survive. She was counting the leaves falling from the Ivy wine and had formed an impression in her mind that when the last leaf would fall off the wine, she would die.

Passage 4

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

“Oh, I never heard of such nonsense,” complained Sue, with magnificent scorn. “What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? And you used to love that vine so, you naughty girl. Don’t be a goosey. Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were – let’s see exactly what he said – he said the chances were ten to one! Why, that’s almost as good a chance as we have in New York when we ride on the street cars or walk past a new building. Try to take some broth now, and let Sudie go back to her drawing, so she can sell the editor man with it, and buy port wine for her sick child, and pork chops for her greedy self.”

“You needn’t get any more wine,” said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window. “There goes another. No, I don’t want any broth. That leaves just four. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I’ll go, too.”

“Johnsy, dear,” said Sue, bending over her, “will you promise me to keep your eyes closed, and not look out the window until I am done working? I must hand those drawings in by to-morrow. I need the light, or I would draw the shade down.”

What ‘nonsense’ was Sue talking about?

Answer:
Johnsy told Sue about how the decreasing leaves on the Ivy vine were taking her closer to her death. Sue found no logic in Johnsy’s assumptions and therefore called it nonsense.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What connection had Johnsy made with the falling leaves?

Answer:
Johnsy stared at the Ivy vine outside her window every day. She had started believing that she would cease to exist in other words die when the last leaf fell from the vine fell. She had begun to number her days of life by to the decreasing leaves on the vine.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why did Sue want to complete her drawing?

Answer:
Sue wanted to complete her drawing and sell it to the editor so that she could get some money to buy port wine for Johnsy and pork chops for herself.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why did Johnsy keep staring out of the window?

Answer:
Johnsy kept staring out of the window because she wanted to see when the last leaf from the vine fell. When the last leaf fell she would know that it was time for her to let go of her life forever.

Passage 5

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a Michael Angelo’s Moses beard curling down from the head of a satyr along with the body of an imp. Behrman was a failure in art. Forty years he had wielded the brush without getting near enough to touch the hem of his Mistress’s robe. He had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it. For several years he had painted nothing except now and then a daub in the line of commerce or advertising. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists in the colony who could not pay the price of a professional. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who scoffed terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as especial mastiff-in-waiting to protect the two young artists in the studio above.

Who was Behrman?

Answer:
Behrman was an old man in his sixties who had a Michael Angelo’s Moses beard curling down his satyr like face and a body of an imp. He was a failed painter who was waiting to create his masterpiece. Old Behrman lived on the ground floor beneath Sue and Johnsy’s studio.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Explain the line “forty years he had wielded the brush without getting near enough to touch the hem of his Mistress’s robe”.

Answer:
Behrman was an unsuccessful artist. In his forty years as a painter, he had failed miserably at even sketching the outline of the masterpiece that he so dearly wish to paint.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What was Behrman’s source of income?

Answer:
Behrman earned money by posing as a model for young artists who couldn’t afford to hire professional models.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Describe Behrman’s character. What does O’Henry achieve by introducing Behrman in the story?

Answer:
Behrman is a perpetual drinker and an unsuccessful painter. Though he is generally rude, he feels highly protective of Sue and Johnsy who live in the studio above him. Although he smells of gin all the time, he appears to be a good natured man who always speaks of his coming masterpiece. O’Henry has used some comical relief by introducing Behrman in the story The Last Leaf. As we know, the story is rather a sad and mournful tale about Sue trying hard to bring her best friend back on the road to recovery after a brief illness. The conversations that happen between Sue and the doctor and between Sue and Johnsy are rather serious and dull. However, with the introduction of Behrman, the tone of the story is lightened.

Passage 6

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When Sue awoke from an hour’s sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade.

“Pull it up; I want to see,” she ordered, in a whisper.
Wearily Sue obeyed.

But, lo! After the beating rain and fierce gusts of wind that had endured through the livelong night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf. It was the last one on the vine. Still dark green near its stem, with its serrated edges tinted with the yellow of dissolution and decay, it hung bravely from the branch some twenty feet above the ground.

What did Sue ask Behrman to do for Jonhsy?

Answer:
Sue requested Behrman to paint a leaf similar to the last leaf on the Ivy vine so that Johnsy would think that the last leaf was still on the vine.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Sue pulled the shade down to the window-sill, and motioned Behrman into the other room. In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking. A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow. Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the hermit miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.
When Sue awoke from an hour’s sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade.
“Pull it up; I want to see,” she ordered, in a whisper.
Wearily Sue obeyed.
But, lo! After the beating rain and fierce gusts of wind that had endured through the livelong night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf. It was the last one on the vine. Still dark green near its stem, with its serrated edges tinted with the yellow of dissolution and decay, it hung bravely from the branch some twenty feet above the ground.

How was the weather outside when the two went up to Johnsy’s room?

Answer:
The weather outside was rough when the two went up to Johnsy’s room. It was raining persistently and snowing at the same time.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When Sue awoke from an hour’s sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade.

“Pull it up; I want to see,” she ordered, in a whisper.
Wearily Sue obeyed.

Explain the symbolism of the climate in relation to Johnsy’s illness.

Answer:
The doctor had given up hope of Johnsy recovering because she herself lacked the willpower to recover. The weather outside was unpleasant with persistent rain and snow. The atmosphere outside was dull and grim, just as Johnsy’s health and her emotional condition.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When Sue awoke from an hour’s sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade.

“Pull it up; I want to see,” she ordered, in a whisper.
Wearily Sue obeyed.

Explain the term ‘livelong night’.

Answer:
The term ‘livelong night’ stands for a night that seemed never-ending. The weather on that night was very rough with persistent snow and rain. Moreover, both Sue and Johnsy knew that the last leaf would fall from the Ivy vine that night. The inclement weather and the fragile condition of Johnsy added hours to the already restless night making it seem longer than normal.

Question 5.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When Sue awoke from an hour’s sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade.

“Pull it up; I want to see,” she ordered, in a whisper.
Wearily Sue obeyed.

Explain the symbolism of the leaf that hung to the vine.

Answer:
The last leaf that clung to the ivy vine carries deep symbolism. It represented Johnsy, who was ill and in a critical condition. The leaf was also brave like Johnsy, who, although showed no inclination directly, clung on to life in her own way despite all odds by means of the leaves on the vine.

Passage 7

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.

The ivy leaf was still there.

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove.

“I’ve been a bad girl, Sudie,” said Johnsy. “Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was. It is a sin to want to die. You may bring me a little broth now, and some milk with a little port in it, and – no; bring me a hand-mirror first, and then pack some pillows about me, and I will sit up and watch you cook.”

An hour later she said:

“Sudie, someday I hope to paint the Bay of Naples.”

Why does Johnsy refer to herself as merciless?

Answer:
Johnsy calls herself ‘merciless’ as she had set a date for her own death by looking at and counting the leaves falling from the Ivy vine. She ceased to care for anyone, even for her roommate and friend Sue, who had been taking very good care of her during her illness.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.

The ivy leaf was still there.

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove.

An hour later she said:

“Sudie, someday I hope to paint the Bay of Naples.”

What was Sue doing when Johnsy called her?

Answer:
Sue was stirring chicken broth over the gas stove when Johnsy called her.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.

The ivy leaf was still there.

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove.

An hour later she said:

“Sudie, someday I hope to paint the Bay of Naples.”

Why did Johnsy feel that she had been a bad girl?

Answer:
When Johnsy saw that the last leaf had managed to cling on to the vine despite the blustery weather of the previous night, she realised that she had been mean in giving up on life. The last leaf being still there on the vine was like a revelation to her. She understood how inappropriate it was to think about death when the doctor and Sue were trying their best to treat her illness.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.

The ivy leaf was still there.

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove.

An hour later she said:

“Sudie, someday I hope to paint the Bay of Naples.”

What did Johnsy ask Sue to bring for her?

Answer:
Johnsy asked Sue to bring her some broth and milk with a little port wine in it. She also asked Sue to give her a hand mirror and pack some pillows around her so that she could watch Sue cook.

Question 5.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.

The ivy leaf was still there.

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove.

An hour later she said:

“Sudie, someday I hope to paint the Bay of Naples.”

How does Johnsy’s attitude change in this given extract?

Answer:
Throughout the story, we see a very cynical and a pessimistic Johnsy, who has no willpower or strength to recover from her illness. Sitting idle in her bed, she thinks that she too will wither away like the falling leaves from the Ivy vine outside her window. She starts counting the falling leaves and concludes that she is going to die when the last leaf falls off. However, after a very stormy night when Johnsy sure that the last leaf has fallen instructs Sue to draw the curtains she sees that the leaf is still clinging on to the vine. The leaf’s struggle to survive hepls her realise how mean and illogical she has been to herself and to Sue in waiting for her death. In the given passage, we see a different Johnsy, someone who is ready to bounce back to life.

Passage 8

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, contentedly knitting a very blue and very useless woollen shoulder scarf, and put one arm around her, pillows and all.
“I have something to tell you, white mouse,” she said. “Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia to-day in the hospital. He was ill only two days. The janitor found him the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldn’t imagine where he had been on such a dreadful night. And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colours mixed on it, and – look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall.

Why has the author called the woollen scarf ‘useless’?

Answer:
On showing signs of recovery, Johnsy once again mentioned her wish to paint the Bay of Naples to Sue. Johnsy’s even contemplates knitting the woollen scarf which she may never need just to feel the normality of life that she has returned to.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why does Sue call Johnsy ‘white mouse’?

Answer:
People who are close to each other often call each other with different names. Johnsy often called Sue ‘Sudie’ out of affection. In the same way, Johnsy was called ‘white mouse’ affectionately by Sue. Since Johnsy fell ill all she did was lay on her bed passively awaiting her impending death. She showed no sign of hope or interest in life. More over her illness had rid her skin of its colour. This prompted Sue to use the phrase ‘white mouse’ to refer to her.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What did Sue have to tell Johnsy?

Answer:
Sue had to tell Johnsy that Old Behrman had died of pneumonia that day in the hospital. She also had to confess the truth about the last leaf on the vine.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

How did Behrman die?

Answer:
Old Behrman spent the entire night painting the last leaf on the Ivy vine outside Johnsy’s window in the rain and the storm. The janitor found him in the morning in his room helpless and in pain. His shoes and clothes were icy cold and wet. Behrman was ill for the next two days, and given his age, he couldn’t recover and died of pneumonia.

Question 5.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Can one say that the last leaf was Behrman’s masterpiece that he always wanted to paint?

Answer:
The last leaf is definitely Behrman’s masterpiece. It was so accurate that it gave a new lease of life to Johnsy who had quit on life despite the doctor and her friend telling her that she would be fine. He was very protective about the two women and he proved this by sacrificing his life so that Johnsy could see the leaf whenever she woke up and thus find hope to live on.

ICSE Class 10 English Solutions Princess September

February 2, 2024

ICSE Class 10 English Solutions Princess September

Passage 1

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

He cried bitterly when he said this, for he was extremely fond of the Queen. Of course it made the Queen very uneasy because she knew that it would distress the King very much if he had to cut off her head. And it would not be very nice for her. But it so happened that there was no need for either of them to worry because September was the last daughter they ever had. The Queen only had sons after that and they were called by the letters of the alphabet, so there was no cause for anxiety there for a long time, since she had only reached the letter J.

Why would the King have to cut off the Queen’s head?

Answer:
According to the King of Siam, twelve daughters were enough for a man. He did not want to go through the trouble of naming them again, and hence, he decided that if the queen gave birth to one more daughter, he would cut off her head.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What made the queen uneasy?

Answer:
The queen knew that she was the king’s favourite. It made her sad to know that the king would be very distressed if he had to cut off her head.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Is it abnormal for the queen to feel sad for the king? Why?

Answer:
The queen felt sad for the king who was going to cut off her head if she gave birth to one more daughter because they already had twelve daughters. She should have worried for herself as her life was in danger. However, she instead felt sad for the king.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

How were the daughters of the Siamese King and Queen named?

Answer:
The king and the queen named their first two daughters Night and Day. When they had two more daughters, they renamed the first two ones and called the four after the seasons, i.e. Spring and Autumn, Winter and Summer. In the course of time he had three others and he changed their names again and called all by the seven days of the week. Finally, when his eighth daughter was born, he named all of them after the months of the year.

Passage 2

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

The King of Siam had a habit which I think might be usefully imitated in Europe. Instead of receiving presents on his birthday he gave them and it looks as though he liked it, for he used often to say he was sorry he had only been born on one day and so only had one birthday in the year. But in this way he managed in course of time to give away all his wedding presents and the loyal addresses which the mayors of the cities in Siam presented him with and all his own crowns which had gone out of fashion. One year on his birthday, not having anything else handy, he gave each of his daughters a beautiful green parrot in a beautiful golden cage. There were nine of them and on each cage was written the name of the month which was the name of the princess it belonged to.

What habit did the King of Siam have?

Answer:
The King of Siam had the habit of giving gifts on his birthday instead of receiving them.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What made the king sad about his birthday?

Answer:
The king was sad because his birthday came only once a year and he could not give away gifts more than once in a year.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What was the result of him giving away presents every year on his birthday?

Answer:
The king had the habit of giving gifts on his birthday. As a result of this, he had given away all his wedding presents and the loyal addresses which the mayors of the cities in Siam presented him with and even his own crowns which had gone out of fashion.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What did the king gift his daughters one year on his birthday? Why?

Answer:
One year on his birthday, the King did not have anything to give since he had already given away all that he owned to his subjects in the previous years. Therefore, he gave each of his daughters a beautiful green parrot in a beautiful golden cage.

Passage 3

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

And while she lay in her bed, crying still even though she felt rather hungry, she saw a little bird hop into her room. She took her thumb out of her mouth and sat up. Then the little bird began to sing and he sang a beautiful song all about the lake in the King’s garden and the willow trees that looked at themselves in the still water and the goldfish that glided in and out of the branches that were reflected in it. When he had finished, the Princess was not crying anymore and she quite forgot that she had had no supper. “That was a very nice song,” she said. The little bird gave her a bow, for artists have naturally good manners, and they like to be appreciated.

Why was Princess September crying?

Answer:
Princess September was crying because one day she found her parrot lying dead at the bottom of its golden cage.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What did the Queen say when she came to know that Princess September was crying?

Answer:
The Maids of Honour told the Queen that Princess September was sobbing uncontrollably. On hearing this, the Queen said that the death of the parrot was nonsense and not worth shedding tears. She heartlessly asked the Maids of Honour to put the princess to sleep without giving her supper.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

How are the Queen and Princess September different from each other?

Answer:
Princess September was heart-broken on seeing her parrot dead. She wouldn’t stop crying and was indeed very sad. This shows that the princess was sensitive and emotional. On the other hand, when the Queen was told that the princess was sobbing uncontrollably over her parrot’s death, she said that the dead parrot was not worth shedding tears on and asked the Maids of Honour to put Princess September to sleep without giving her supper. The Queen was unfeeling and didn’t care for the pain of her daughter.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What pulled the princess out of her sadness?

Answer:
A little bird hopped into Princess September’s room and began to sing a beautiful song about the lake in the King’s garden and the willow trees that looked at themselves in the still water and the goldfish that glided in and out of the branches that were reflected in it. When the bird finished singing, the princess was no longer crying. The little bird was a nightingale and it pulled Princess September out of her sadness by singing her a beautiful song.

Passage 4

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

“My poor September,” they said. “We are sorry for the death of your beautiful parrot. It must be dreadful for you not to have a pet bird as we have. So we have all put our pocket-money together and we are going to buy you a lovely green and yellow parrot.” “Thank you for nothing,” said September. (This was not very civil of her, but Siamese princesses are sometimes a little short with one another.) “I have a pet bird which sings the most charming songs to me and I don’t know what on earth I should do with a green and yellow parrot.”

Who visited Princess September after the death of her parrot?

Answer:
The eight elder sisters of Princess September visited her after the death of her parrot.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Why did the sisters come to visit their little sister?

Answer:
The sisters came to visit Princess September to express their condolences over the death of her parrot.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What were the real intentions of the sisters?

Answer:
The sisters were jealous of Princess September’s little bird as it sang melodiously, as compared to the repetitive rant of their own parrots. Further, the song of the little bird was appreciated by the King too, this vexed the sisters further. Hence, they decided to separate September from the bird so that she wouldn’t be happier than all of them.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

How did September react to her sisters’ idea of giving her a parrot?

Answer:
The sisters pretended to be sad over the death of September’s parrot. They told her that they had decided to put all their money together and buy her a parrot. However, Princess September told the sisters that she already had a bird which sang better than the green and yellow parrot and that she didn’t need a parrot.

Passage 5

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

September felt her heart go thump, thump against her chest, and she made up her mind to take no more risks. She put up her hand and took hold of the bird. This he was quite used to, she liked feeling his heart go pit-a-pat, so fast, in the hollow of her hand, and I think he liked the soft warmth of her little hand. So the bird suspected nothing and he was so surprised when she carried him over to the cage, popped him in, and shut the door on him for a moment he could think of nothing to say. But in a moment or two he hopped up on the ivory perch and said: “What is the joke?” “There’s no joke,” said September, “but some of mamma’s cats are prowling about to-night, and I think you’re much safer in there.”

What fear did the eight sisters instil in September’s mind?

Answer:
The eight sisters were jealous of September and her bird who sang melodious songs to her. September did not cage the bird and allowed it to move freely in the palace at its will. However, on one such day when the bird was not present, the sisters visited September and told her that if she allowed the bird to move freely, it wouldn’t return one day. Indeed that day, the bird came back late, and this sowed the fear of losing the bird in September’s heart.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What did Princess September do to ensure that the bird stayed safe with her?

Answer:
Princess September popped the bird into a golden cage to ensure the bird’s safety.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What did the bird do after being put in the cage?

Answer:
When the little nightingale was popped into the cage, it first thought it was a joke. But when the princess refused to let it out, it started sobbing and pleading to the princess. The bird repeatedly told the princess that it couldn’t sing when it was caged and if it didn’t sing it would die.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What reason did the princess give for caging the bird? What was the real reason for caging the bird?

Answer:
The princess told the bird that her mother’s cats were on prowl that night and that she feared they would kill the bird. However, the actual reason for caging the bird was the fear instilled in the princesses’ heart that the bird would fly away forever and that she would be left without a pet once again.

Passage 6

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

“I cannot sing unless I’m free and if I cannot sing, I die,” he said. The Princess gave a great sob. “Then take your freedom,” she said, “I shut you in a golden cage because I loved you and wanted to have you all to myself. But I never knew it would kill you. Go. Fly away among the trees that are round the lake and fly over the green rice-fields. I love you enough to let you be happy in your own way.” She threw open the window and gently placed the little bird on the sill. He shook himself a little.

What happened when the bird was caged by the princess?

Answer:
The bird grew sad and melancholic when it was caged. It could not see the trees outside nor could it enjoy nature. This made the bird weary and tired.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What did the princess do for the bird?

Answer:
The princess realised that her love and possessiveness for the little bird was hurting it. She decided to set the bird free. Although she did this unwillingly, she was happy that the bird would be free again.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

What happened to the bird after it was set free by Princess September?

Answer:
Princess September opened the cage and gently placed the little bird on the sill. The bird gave itself a little shake and realised that that he had become stiff.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

Did the bird return to the princess after being set free by her?

Answer:
Yes, the bird did return to the princess after being set free by her. The nightingale kept its promise of returning to the princess. When it came back after flying over the world, it sat on September’s shoulder and ate out of her hand and sang to her the beautiful songs he had learned while he was flying up and down the fair places of the world.

Passage 7

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

September kept her window open day and night so that the little bird might come into her room whenever he felt inclined, and this was very good for her; so she grew extremely beautiful. And when she was old enough she married the King of Cambodia and was carried all the way to the city in which he lived on a white elephant. But her sisters never slept with their windows open, so they grew extremely ugly as well as disagreeable, and when the time came to marry them off they were given away to the King’s councilors with a pound of tea and a Siamese cat.

Why was the window of September’s room open night and day?

Answer:
Princess September kept her window open night and day so that the little nightingale could come into her room whenever it wanted to.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

How did the open window help the princess?

Answer:
The open window allowed fresh air to enter September’s room. It made her livelier, healthier, more beautiful, and happy. The inflow of natural light and fresh air into the room enhanced September’s beauty and made her a sweet and a charming lady.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

To whom did Princess September get married?

Answer:
Princess September was married to the King of Cambodia. She was carried all the way to the city in which he lived on a white elephant.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.

To whom were the eight sisters given away? Why?

Answer:
The sisters never slept with their windows open and hence, they grew ugly and disagreeable. When the time of their marriage came, they were given away to the King’s councilors with a pound of tea and a Siamese cat.

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – भिक्षुक [कविता]

February 2, 2024

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – भिक्षुक [कविता]

ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions ML Aggarwal Solutions

प्रश्न क-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह आता-
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
पेट-पीठ दोनों मिलकर हैं एक,
चल रहा लकुटिया टेक,
मुट्ठी भर दाने को – भूख मिटाने को
मुँह फटी पुरानी झोली का फैलाता-
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
साथ दो बच्चे भी हैं सदा हाथ फैलाए,
बाएँ से वे मलते हुए पेट को चलते,
और दाहिना दया-दृष्टि पाने की ओर बढ़ाए।
भिक्षुक लोगों से क्या माँग रहा है?

उत्तर:
भिक्षुक लोगों से अपनी क्षुधा शान्त करने के लिए मुट्ठी दो मुट्ठी अनाज माँग रहा है।

प्रश्न क-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह आता-
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
पेट-पीठ दोनों मिलकर हैं एक,
चल रहा लकुटिया टेक,
मुट्ठी भर दाने को – भूख मिटाने को
मुँह फटी पुरानी झोली का फैलाता-
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
साथ दो बच्चे भी हैं सदा हाथ फैलाए,
बाएँ से वे मलते हुए पेट को चलते,
और दाहिना दया-दृष्टि पाने की ओर बढ़ाए।
भिक्षुक की झोली कैसी है?

उत्तर :
भिक्षुक की झोली फटी-पुरानी है।

प्रश्न क-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह आता-
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
पेट-पीठ दोनों मिलकर हैं एक,
चल रहा लकुटिया टेक,
मुट्ठी भर दाने को – भूख मिटाने को
मुँह फटी पुरानी झोली का फैलाता-
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
साथ दो बच्चे भी हैं सदा हाथ फैलाए,
बाएँ से वे मलते हुए पेट को चलते,
और दाहिना दया-दृष्टि पाने की ओर बढ़ाए।
इन पंक्तियों के आधार पर भिक्षुक की दीन दशा का वर्णन कीजिये?

उत्तर:
भिक्षुक कितना दुर्बल है, इसका सहज ही अनुमान उसका पेट और पीठ देखकर लगाया जा सकता है। काफी समय से भोजन न मिलने के कारण उसके पेट-पीठ एक जैसे हो चुके हैं। वह बुढ़ापे और दुर्बलता के कारण लाठी के सहारे चल रहा है।

प्रश्न क-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
वह आता-
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
पेट-पीठ दोनों मिलकर हैं एक,
चल रहा लकुटिया टेक,
मुट्ठी भर दाने को – भूख मिटाने को
मुँह फटी पुरानी झोली का फैलाता-
दो टूक कलेजे के करता पछताता पथ पर आता।
साथ दो बच्चे भी हैं सदा हाथ फैलाए,
बाएँ से वे मलते हुए पेट को चलते,
और दाहिना दया-दृष्टि पाने की ओर बढ़ाए।
शब्दार्थ लिखिए – टूक, पथ, लकूटिया

उत्तर:
टूक – टुकड़े
पथ – रास्ता
लकूटिया – लाठी, लाठिया

प्रश्न ख-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
भूख से सूख ओंठ जब जाते
दाता-भाग्य विधाता से क्या पाते?
घूँट आँसुओं के पीकर रह जाते।
चाट रहे जूठी पत्तल वे सभी सड़क पर खड़े हुए,
और झपट लेने को उनसे कुत्ते भी हैं अड़े हुए!
भिक्षुक के आँसुओं के घूँट पी जाने का क्या कारण है?

उत्तर:
भिक्षुक भूख के मारे व्याकुल है, साथ में उसके बच्चे भी हैं। भिक्षुक शरीर से भी दुर्बल है। भीख में जब उसे कुछ नहीं मिलता तब वह आँसुओं के घूँट पी जाता है।

प्रश्न ख-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
भूख से सूख ओंठ जब जाते
दाता-भाग्य विधाता से क्या पाते?
घूँट आँसुओं के पीकर रह जाते।
चाट रहे जूठी पत्तल वे सभी सड़क पर खड़े हुए,
और झपट लेने को उनसे कुत्ते भी हैं अड़े हुए!
भूख मिटाने की विवशता उनसे क्या करवाती है?

उत्तर:
भिक्षुक को जब कुछ नहीं मिलता तो वे जूठी पत्तलें चाटने के लिए विवश हो जाते हैं। जूठी पत्तलों में जो कुछ थोड़ा बहुत अन्न बचा था वे उसी को खाकर अपनी भूख शांत करने का प्रयास करते हैं।

प्रश्न ख-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
भूख से सूख ओंठ जब जाते
दाता-भाग्य विधाता से क्या पाते?
घूँट आँसुओं के पीकर रह जाते।
चाट रहे जूठी पत्तल वे सभी सड़क पर खड़े हुए,
और झपट लेने को उनसे कुत्ते भी हैं अड़े हुए!
‘और झपट लेने को उनसे कुत्ते भी हैं अड़े हुए’ – पंक्ति का आशय स्पष्ट करें।

उत्तर:
पउपर्युक्त पंक्ति का आशय भूख की विवशता से है। भिक्षुक जब सड़क पर खड़े होकर जूठी पत्तलों को चाटकर अपनी भूख को मिटाने का प्रयास कर रहे थे तब सड़क के कुत्ते भी उन्हीं पत्तलों को पाने के लिए भिक्षुक पर झपट पड़े थे।

प्रश्न ख-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
भूख से सूख ओंठ जब जाते
दाता-भाग्य विधाता से क्या पाते?
घूँट आँसुओं के पीकर रह जाते।
चाट रहे जूठी पत्तल वे सभी सड़क पर खड़े हुए,
और झपट लेने को उनसे कुत्ते भी हैं अड़े हुए!
शब्दार्थ लिखिए – ओंठ, सड़क, कुत्ते, झपट, आँसू, विधाता

उत्तर:
ओंठ – ओष्ठ
सड़क – मार्ग
कुत्ते – श्वान
झपट – छिनना
आँसू – अश्रु
विधाता – ईश्वर

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – साखी [कविता]

February 2, 2024

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – साखी [कविता]

ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions ML Aggarwal Solutions

प्रश्न क-i:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
गुरु गोबिंद दोऊ खड़े, काके लागू पायँ।
बलिहारी गुरु आपनो, जिन गोबिंद दियौ बताय॥
जब मैं था तब हरि नहीं, अब हरि हैं मैं नाहि।
प्रेम गली अति साँकरी, तामे दो न समाहि॥
कबीर के गुरु के प्रति दृष्टिकोण को स्पष्ट कीजिए।

उत्तर:
कबीरदास ने गुरु का स्थान ईश्वर से श्रेष्ठ माना है। कबीर कहते है जब गुरु और गोविंद (भगवान) दोनों एक साथ खडे हो तो गुरु के श्रीचरणों मे शीश झुकाना उत्तम है जिनके कृपा रुपी प्रसाद से गोविंद का दर्शन करने का सौभाग्य प्राप्त हुआ। गुरु ज्ञान प्रदान करते हैं, सत्य के मार्ग पर चलने की प्रेरणा देते हैं, मोह-माया से मुक्त कराते हैं।

प्रश्न क-ii:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
गुरु गोबिंद दोऊ खड़े, काके लागू पायँ।
बलिहारी गुरु आपनो, जिन गोबिंद दियौ बताय॥
जब मैं था तब हरि नहीं, अब हरि हैं मैं नाहि।
प्रेम गली अति साँकरी, तामे दो न समाहि॥
कबीर के अनुसार कौन परमात्मा से मिलने का रास्ता दिखाता है?

उत्तर :
कबीर के अनुसार गुरु परमात्मा से मिलने का रास्ता दिखाता है।

प्रश्न क-iii:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
गुरु गोबिंद दोऊ खड़े, काके लागू पायँ।
बलिहारी गुरु आपनो, जिन गोबिंद दियौ बताय॥
जब मैं था तब हरि नहीं, अब हरि हैं मैं नाहि।
प्रेम गली अति साँकरी, तामे दो न समाहि॥
‘जब मैं था तब हरि नहीं, अब हरि हैं मैं नाँहि।’ – का भावार्थ स्पष्ट कीजिए।

उत्तर:
इस पंक्ति द्वारा कबीर का कहते है कि जब तक यह मानता था कि ‘मैं हूँ’, तब तक मेरे सामने हरि नहीं थे। और अब हरि आ प्रगटे, तो मैं नहीं रहा। अँधेरा और उजाला एक साथ, एक ही समय, कैसे रह सकते हैं? जब तक मनुष्य में अज्ञान रुपी अंधकार छाया है वह ईश्वर को नहीं पा सकता अर्थात् अहंकार और ईश्वर का साथ-साथ रहना नामुमकिन है। यह भावना दूर होते ही वह ईश्वर को पा लेता है।

प्रश्न क-iv:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
गुरु गोबिंद दोऊ खड़े, काके लागू पायँ।
बलिहारी गुरु आपनो, जिन गोबिंद दियौ बताय॥
जब मैं था तब हरि नहीं, अब हरि हैं मैं नाहि।
प्रेम गली अति साँकरी, तामे दो न समाहि॥
यहाँ पर ‘मैं’ और ‘हरि’ शब्द का प्रयोग किसके लिए किया गया है?

उत्तर:
यहाँ पर ‘मैं’ और ‘हरि’ शब्द का प्रयोग क्रमशः अहंकार और परमात्मा के लिए किया है।

प्रश्न ख-i:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
काँकर पाथर जोरि कै, मसजिद लई बनाय।
ता चढ़ि मुल्ला बाँग दे, क्या बहरा हुआ खुदाय॥
पाहन पूजे हरि मिले, तो मैं पूजूँ पहार।
ताते ये चाकी भली, पीस खाय संसार॥
सात समंद की मसि करौं, लेखनि सब बरनाय।
सब धरती कागद करौं, हरि गुन लिखा न जाय।।
शब्दों के अर्थ लिखिए –
पाहन, पहार, मसि, बनराय

उत्तर:

शब्द	अर्थ
पाहन	पत्थर
पहार	पहाड़
मसि	स्याही
बनराय	वन

प्रश्न ख-ii:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
काँकर पाथर जोरि कै, मसजिद लई बनाय।
ता चढ़ि मुल्ला बाँग दे, क्या बहरा हुआ खुदाय॥
पाहन पूजे हरि मिले, तो मैं पूजूँ पहार।
ताते ये चाकी भली, पीस खाय संसार॥
सात समंद की मसि करौं, लेखनि सब बरनाय।
सब धरती कागद करौं, हरि गुन लिखा न जाय।।
‘पाहन पूजे हरि मिले’ – दोहे का भाव स्पष्ट कीजिए।

उत्तर:
इस दोहे द्वारा कवि ने मूर्ति-पूजा जैसे बाह्य आडंबर का विरोध किया है। कबीर मूर्ति पूजा के स्थान पर घर की चक्की को पूजने कहते है जिससे अन्न पीसकर खाते है।

प्रश्न ख-iii:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
काँकर पाथर जोरि कै, मसजिद लई बनाय।
ता चढ़ि मुल्ला बाँग दे, क्या बहरा हुआ खुदाय॥
पाहन पूजे हरि मिले, तो मैं पूजूँ पहार।
ताते ये चाकी भली, पीस खाय संसार॥
सात समंद की मसि करौं, लेखनि सब बरनाय।
सब धरती कागद करौं, हरि गुन लिखा न जाय।।
“ता चढ़ि मुल्ला बाँग दे, क्या बहरा हुआ खुदाय” – पंक्ति में निहित व्यंग्य स्पष्ट कीजिए।

उत्तर:
शप्रस्तुत पंक्ति में कबीरदास ने मुसलमानों के धार्मिक आडंबर पर व्यंग्य किया है। एक मौलवी कंकड़-पत्थर जोड़कर मस्जिद बना लेता है और रोज़ सुबह उस पर चढ़कर ज़ोर-ज़ोर से बाँग (अजान) देकर अपने ईश्वर को पुकारता है जैसे कि वह बहरा हो। कबीरदास शांत मन से भक्ति करने के लिए कहते हैं।

प्रश्न ख-iv:
निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
काँकर पाथर जोरि कै, मसजिद लई बनाय।
ता चढ़ि मुल्ला बाँग दे, क्या बहरा हुआ खुदाय॥
पाहन पूजे हरि मिले, तो मैं पूजूँ पहार।
ताते ये चाकी भली, पीस खाय संसार॥
सात समंद की मसि करौं, लेखनि सब बरनाय।
सब धरती कागद करौं, हरि गुन लिखा न जाय।।
कबीर की भाषा पर टिप्पणी कीजिए।

उत्तर:
कबीर साधु-सन्यासियों की संगति में रहते थे। इस कारण उनकी भाषा में अनेक भाषाओँ तथा बोलियों के शब्द पाए जाते हैं। कबीर की भाषा में भोजपुरी, अवधी, ब्रज, राजस्थानी, पंजाबी, खड़ी बोली, उर्दू और फ़ारसी के शब्द घुल-मिल गए हैं। अत: विद्‌वानों ने उनकी भाषा को सधुक्कड़ी या पंचमेल खिचड़ी कहा है।

ICSE Class 10 English Solutions A Doctor’s Journal Entry for Aug 6, 1945 [Poem]

February 2, 2024

ICSE Class 10 English Solutions A Doctor’s Journal Entry for Aug 6, 1945 [Poem]

Passage 1

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

The morning stretched calm, beautiful, and warm.
Sprawling half clad, I gazed out at the form
Of shimmering leaves and shadows. Suddenly
A strong flash, then another, startled me.
I saw the old stone lantern brightly lit.

Who is the narrator of this journal entry? What does this entry record?

Answer:
The narrator of the journal entry is a doctor who lives with his wife in Hiroshima. It records the horrific aftermath of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on 6th of August 1945, during WW II.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Describe the scene as noted by the narrator before seeing the flashes of light.

Answer:
Before seeing the flashes of light, the day began with a calm morning. The narrator describes the day as beautiful and warm. The sun was up and the narrator gazed at the shimmering leaves and shadows before him.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What startled the narrator? Why?

Answer:
The narrator’s peaceful morning was disrupted by two sudden strong flashes of light. The sudden flares startled the narrator because he did not know what caused them and suddenly the old stone lantern before him was up in flames.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Which part of speech is most used in this extract and to what effect?

Answer:
This extract uses adjectives and verbs to describe the calm morning as experienced by the narrator before the blast took place.

Passage 2

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Magnesium flares? While I debated it,
The roof, the walls and, as it seemed, the world
Collapsed in timber and debris, dust swirled
Around me – in the garden now – and, weird,
My drawers and undershirt disappeared.

Why does the poet use hyphens in the second last line of the extract?

Answer:
The poet uses hyphens for poetic effect in the second last line of the extract. They are pauses which reflect the disorientation caused by the sudden flashes of light.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What do the words ‘Magnesium flares’ refer to? Why did the narrator mention them?

Answer:
The poem is set during the time of Second World War. In this war, magnesium was commonly used in explosives. Therefore, the sudden flashes of light prompted the narrator to think that they were caused by magnesium.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What happened while the narrator processed everything and debated on what to do next?

Answer:
As the narrator debated on what to do next everything around him began to crumble and fall. He saw the roof and the walls of his house collapse into debris. By the time he stepped out and reached the garden, he could see dust all around him.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What was weirder than the flashes of light and the collapsing of buildings? Why does the poet call it ‘weird’?

Answer:
The disappearance of the narrator’s drawers and undershirt was weirder than the flashes of light and the collapsing of buildings. The poet calls it weird because the narrator could not come up with any logical explanation for such a thing to happen.

Passage 3

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

A splinter jutted from my mangled thigh.
My right side bled, my cheek was torn, and I
Dislodged, detachedly, a piece of glass,
All the time wondering what had come to pass.
Where was my wife? Alarmed, I gave a shout,
‘Where are you, Yecko-san?’ My blood gushed out.
The artery in my neck? Scared for my life,
I called out, panic-stricken, to my wife.
Pale, bloodstained, frightened, Yecko-san emerged,
Holding her elbow. ‘We’ll be fine,’ I urged –

Describe the narrator’s appearance after the flashes of light. How did the narrator’s wife look when she emerged?

Answer:
After the flashes of light, the narrator was covered with wounds, dust and blood, and his clothes had disappeared. A splinter jutted from his mangled thigh. There was blood on his right side and his cheek was torn. The narrator’s wife looked pale and frightened and was bloodstained when she emerged. She was also holding her elbow which was an indication that she too was injured.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Why did the narrator not understand what had come to pass?

Answer:
The flashes of light and the destruction that followed all happened so soon that the narrator did not understand what had come to pass.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

How do the adjectives for fear used in the stanza portray the narrator? The narrator mentions being scared for his life, why then does he calls out to his wife?

Answer:
Words such as ‘alarmed’, ‘scared’ and ‘panic-stricken’ have been employed in the extract to describe the narrator’s fear. In the lines before these words the narrator clearly describes his own condition but when he cannot understand the cause of the explosion and is unable to find his wife, he panics further. This shows that he loves and cares for his wife dearly.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What words did the narrator use to console his wife? Was she the only one being consoled?

Answer:
The narrator used the words ‘We’ll be fine,’ to console his wife. When the narrator used these words he realised that he was consoling himself more than her by doing this.

Question 5.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Evaluate the narrator’s relation with his wife based on the extract given above.

Answer:
The narrator shares a close bond with his wife. This is evident when he nervously searches for her all around amidst the dust and the debris. When she finally emerges out of the dust, he notices her frightfully pale face and tries to console her. When he remembers that he has to do his duty as a doctor, his first thought is to send his wife to a safe place. He instructs her to go ahead without him and tells her that he will join her later. We don’t know if the two reunite since the widespread devastation caused by the atomic explosion left almost everyone shattered and lost. However, the poet clearly explains to the readers that even in those trying times, the doctor chooses to look for his wife instead of fleeing to a safer location.

Passage 4

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

‘Let’s get out quickly.’ Stumbling to the street
We fell, tripped by something at our feet.
I gasped out, when I saw it was a head:
‘Excuse me, please excuse me -‘ He was dead:
A gate had crushed him. There we stood, afraid.
A house standing before us tilted, swayed,
Toppled, and crashed. Fire sprang up in the dust,
Spread by the wind. It dawned on us we must
Get to the hospital: we needed aid –
And I should help my staff too. …

What did the narrator stumble over on his way out?

Answer:
On his way out the narrator stumbled over the head of a dead man who had been crushed by a gate.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What effect did it have on him and his wife?

Answer:
The narrator and his wife were shocked and distressed to see the mangled remains of the dead man.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What dawned on the narrator when they were on the street?

Answer:
When they reached the street, it dawned on the narrator that they had to get to the hospital. They needed medical help but more urgently the narrator, who was a doctor, had to assist his staff at the hospital in looking after the casualties.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Why does the narrator use the word ‘dawned’?

Answer:
The narrator uses the word ‘dawned’ for two things; firstly to indicate that he was too shaken by the blast to remember that his and his wife’s injuries needed medical attention. Secondly, as he saw people marching towards the hospital, he suddenly realised that he was a doctor who should be at the hospital treating the injured people.

Question 5.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What was going on around the narrator and his wife as they walked about looking for safety?

Answer:
As the narrator and his wife looked for safety they saw a house which was standing before them tilt, sway, topple, and crash to the earth. Then there was fire which sprang up from the dust and was quickly spreading by the wind.

Passage 5

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

…(Though this made
Sense to me then, I wonder how I could)
My legs gave way. I sat down on the ground.
Thirst seized me, but no water could be found.
My breath was short, but bit by bit my strength
Seemed to revive, and I got up at length.
I was still naked, but I felt no shame.
This thought disturbed me somewhat, till I came
Upon a soldier, standing silently,
Who gave the towel round his neck to me
My legs, stiff with dried blood, rebelled. …

What did the shock of the blasts do to the narrator?

Answer:
The shock of the blasts paralysed the narrator in his spot. His legs gave way and brought him down to the ground. He felt thirsty and his breath quickened for a while.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Why do you think the narrator felt no shame although he was naked?

Answer:
The narrator was not the only person who was naked. The explosion was so intense that it caused the skin and clothes of people to melt away. The narrator could see many others walking naked on the street trying to fathom what had happened.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What thought disturbed the narrator? When did it subside?

Answer:
The thought that he was naked and yet felt no shame disturbed the narrator. This thought subsided when the narrator met a soldier standing silently. The soldier noticed the narrator and gave him a towel that he had around his neck.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Why are the soldier and the other people in the poem silent?

Answer:
The atomic explosion threw the citizens into shock, which is the reason why there was silence all around. The blast took away everything that the innocent people owned; their loved ones, their houses and their jobs. Moreover, the people were injured and scarred for life. The pain of these wounds was so unbearable that the people chose to endure it silently than to add to the chaos. There was no one they could turn to for support as every single soul in the city was running for his life.

Question 5.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

How much time must have passed since the attack? Are there indications of time passing in the extract?

Answer:
Through the narration, we can deduce that the narrator took some time to come out of his crumbling house and reach the open space where he is now. Apart from this there is no indication of the amount of time that passed.

Passage 6

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

…I said
To Yecko-san she must go on ahead.
She did not wish to, but in our distress
What choice had we? A dreadful loneliness
Came over me when she had gone. My mind
Ran at high speed, my body crept behind.
I saw the shadowy forms of people, some
Were ghosts, some scarecrows, all were wordless dumb –
Arms stretched straight out, shoulder to dangling hand;
It took some time for me to understand
The friction on their burns caused so much pain

What did the narrator instruct his wife to do? What reason did he have for such a request?

Answer:
The injuries of the narrator stopped him from keeping up with Yecko-san, his wife. The narrator instructed his wife to go on ahead and find a safe place for herself. He also requested her to go ahead because he wanted to go to the hospital and look after the injured.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Why did the narrator’s wife not want to leave? What did the narrator feel when his wife left him?

Answer:
The narrator’s wife did not want to leave him because she knew there was no certainty of them meeting again. When his wife finally left the narrator felt a dreadful loneliness overcome him.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Why does the narrator say that his body did not keep up with his mind?

Answer:
The narrator’s mind was grasping everything at full speed. However, the severity of the situation pushed the narrator’s body into inactivity. He saw and felt everything but he could not get his body to react to any of it.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What are the phrases used by the narrator to describe the people he encountered? What image does he paint with such description?

Answer:
The narrator uses the phrases ‘shadowy forms’, ‘ghosts’ ‘scarecrows’ and ‘wordless dumb’ to describe the people he encountered. These phrases are generally used for the dead. By using these phrases, the narrator is trying to describe how morbid the situation had become after the explosion.

Question 5.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Why were the arms of the people stretched straight out?

Answer:
The arms of the people were stretched straight out to prevent them from scraping or rubbing against the wounded parts of their bodies. The pain caused by the burns was so intense that the people feared to even touch themselves.

Passage 7

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

They feared to chafe flesh against flesh again.
Those who could, shuffled in a blank parade
Towards the hospital. I saw, dismayed,
A woman with a child stand in my path –
Both naked. Had they come back from the bath?
I turned my gaze, but was at a loss
That she should stand thus, till I came across
A naked man – and now the thought arose
That some strange thing had stripped us of our clothes.

What did the people fear? What does the word ‘chafe’ mean?

Answer:
Even a slight touch to their body caused such pain that the people feared to chafe flesh against flesh. The word ‘chafe’ means ‘rub against something or cause friction’.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Why did the narrator turn his gaze? What did the narrator wonder?

Answer:
The sight of the naked woman and the child disturbed the narrator greatly therefore he turned his gaze. On seeing them the narrator wondered if they had come from a bath.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

Which gruesome reality does the stripping of the clothes represents?

Answer:
The mention of ‘stripping of clothes’ can be seen as an indication of the extent of destruction caused by the ruthless bombing. By the bombing, innocent people lost each and every thing that they held dear to them.

Question 4.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

What does the poet convey by the two hyphens used in this extract?

Answer:
The hyphens in this extract are either preceded or followed by the mention of naked people. It therefore highlights the shock and the discomfort of the narrator on seeing people in such a state.

Question 5.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

In the extract does there seem to be an order in the chaos?

Answer:
Yes. A certain order can be noted by the phrase ‘shuffled in a blank parade towards the hospital’ used in the extract.

Passage 8

Question 1.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

The face of an old woman on the ground
Was marred with suffering, but she made no sound.
Silence was common to us all. I heard
No cries of anguish, or a single word.

Explain the over powering theme of silence in the poem. What kind of silence is it?

Answer:
The strangest part of the poem is the silence which the narrator describes repeatedly. He mentions people injured and chaffed because of the blast. However, the deafening silence which follows the blast is even more harmful. It brings out the extent of shock and pain that the innocent people had to bear. The people were wounded both physically and mentally to such an extent that they could not even express their agony audibly. It is also a representation of the doom which the people were pushed into, as they lost everything they had in the blast.

Question 2.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

The face of an old woman on the ground
Was marred with suffering, but she made no sound.
Silence was common to us all. I heard
No cries of anguish, or a single word.

How many people does the narrator come across through the poem? What does he note about them all?

Answer:
Apart from his wife and the crowd of people walking like shadowy forms of ghosts, the narrator comes across a soldier, a woman with a child and an old woman on the ground. He noted that all these people had lost their clothes by some unknown force. He also noticed the silence that prevailed after the blast. No one cried or screamed.

Question 3.
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:

The face of an old woman on the ground
Was marred with suffering, but she made no sound.
Silence was common to us all. I heard
No cries of anguish, or a single word.

What is the tone of the poem? Is it in keeping with the title?

Answer:
The poem does not follow any poetic devices. Apart from the short lines, there is no similarity between it and any other form of poems. On the contrary it closely follows the pattern of a diary entry. It is written in the first person. It is descriptive and contemplative. And finally, it records a past event.

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – संदेह

February 2, 2024

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – संदेह

ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions ML Aggarwal Solutions

प्रश्न क-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“तुमसे अपराध होगा? यह क्या कह रही हो? मैं रोता हूँ, इसमें मेरी ही भूल है। प्रायश्चित करने का यह ढंग नहीं, यह मैं धीरे-धीरे समझ रहा हूँ, किंतु करूँ क्या? यह मन नहीं मानता।”
उपर्युक्त अवतरण के वक्ता तथा श्रोता का परिचय दें।

उत्तर:
उपर्युक्त अवतरण का वक्ता रामनिहाल है। जो कि श्रोता श्यामा के यहाँ ही रहता है। श्यामा एक विधवा, समझदार और चरित्रवान महिला है।

प्रश्न क-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“तुमसे अपराध होगा? यह क्या कह रही हो? मैं रोता हूँ, इसमें मेरी ही भूल है। प्रायश्चित करने का यह ढंग नहीं, यह मैं धीरे-धीरे समझ रहा हूँ, किंतु करूँ क्या? यह मन नहीं मानता।”
श्रोता के वक्ता के बारे में क्या विचार हैं?

उत्तर :
शश्रोता अर्थात् रामनिहाल के वक्ता श्यामा के बारे में बड़े उच्च विचार है।
रामनिहाल श्यामा के स्वभाव से अभिभूत है। वह जिस प्रकार से अपने वैधव्य का जीवन जी रही है। वह रामनिहाल की नज़र में काबिले तारीफ़ है। वह श्यामा की सहृदयता और मानवता के कारण उसे अपना शुभ चिंतक, मित्र और रक्षक समझता है।

प्रश्न क-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“तुमसे अपराध होगा? यह क्या कह रही हो? मैं रोता हूँ, इसमें मेरी ही भूल है। प्रायश्चित करने का यह ढंग नहीं, यह मैं धीरे-धीरे समझ रहा हूँ, किंतु करूँ क्या? यह मन नहीं मानता।”
क्या वाकई में वक्ता से कोई अपराध हो गया था?

उत्तर:
नहीं, वक्ता से कोई अपराध नहीं हुआ था।
रामनिहाल अपना सामान बांधें लगातार रोये जा रहा था। अत: वक्ता यह जानना चाह रही थी कि कहीं उससे तो कोई भूल नहीं हो गई जिसके कारण रामनिहाल इस तरह से रोये जा रहा था।

प्रश्न क-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“तुमसे अपराध होगा? यह क्या कह रही हो? मैं रोता हूँ, इसमें मेरी ही भूल है। प्रायश्चित करने का यह ढंग नहीं, यह मैं धीरे-धीरे समझ रहा हूँ, किंतु करूँ क्या? यह मन नहीं मानता।”
रामनिहाल के रोने का कारण क्या है?

उत्तर:
रामनिहाल को लगता है कि उससे कोई बड़ी भूल हो गई है और जिसका उसे प्रायश्चित करना पड़ेगा और इसी भूल के संदर्भ में वह रो रहा है।

प्रश्न ख-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मेरी महत्त्वकांक्षा, मेरे उन्नतिशील विचार मुझे बराबर दौड़ाते रहे। मैं अपनी कुशलता से अपने भाग्य को धोखा देता रहा। यह भी मेरा पेट भर देता था। कभी-कभी मुझे ऐसा मालूम होता है कि यह दाँव बैठा कि मैं अपने-आप पर विजयी हुआ और मैं सुखी होकर संतुष्ट होकर चैन से संसार के एक कोने में बैठ जाऊँगा, किंतु वह मृग मरीचिका थी।”
यहाँ पर किसके बारे में बात की जा रही है?

उत्तर:
यहाँ पर स्वयं रामनिहाल अपने विषय में बातचीत कर रहा है। अपने जीवन में अति महत्त्वाकांक्षी होने के कारण एक जगह टिक नहीं पाया। हर समय सामान अपनी पीठ पर लादे घूमता रहा।

प्रश्न ख-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मेरी महत्त्वकांक्षा, मेरे उन्नतिशील विचार मुझे बराबर दौड़ाते रहे। मैं अपनी कुशलता से अपने भाग्य को धोखा देता रहा। यह भी मेरा पेट भर देता था। कभी-कभी मुझे ऐसा मालूम होता है कि यह दाँव बैठा कि मैं अपने-आप पर विजयी हुआ और मैं सुखी होकर संतुष्ट होकर चैन से संसार के एक कोने में बैठ जाऊँगा, किंतु वह मृग मरीचिका थी।”
रामनिहाल की महत्त्वकांक्षा उससे क्या करवाती रही?

उत्तर:
रामनिहाल की महत्त्वकांक्षा और उसके उन्नतिशील विचार उसे बराबर दौड़ाते रहे। वह बड़ी कुशलतापूर्वक अपने भाग्य को धोखा देता रहा और अपना निर्वाह करता रहा।

प्रश्न ख-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मेरी महत्त्वकांक्षा, मेरे उन्नतिशील विचार मुझे बराबर दौड़ाते रहे। मैं अपनी कुशलता से अपने भाग्य को धोखा देता रहा। यह भी मेरा पेट भर देता था। कभी-कभी मुझे ऐसा मालूम होता है कि यह दाँव बैठा कि मैं अपने-आप पर विजयी हुआ और मैं सुखी होकर संतुष्ट होकर चैन से संसार के एक कोने में बैठ जाऊँगा, किंतु वह मृग मरीचिका थी।”
प्रस्तुत पंक्तियों का क्या आशय है?

उत्तर:
प्रस्तुत पंक्तियों का आशय मनुष्य की कभी भी न पूरी होने वाली इच्छाओं से हैं। मनुष्य हमेशा अपनी हर इच्छा को अंतिम इच्छा समझता है और सोचता है कि बस यह पूरी हो जाय तो वह चैन की साँस लें। परंतु हर एक खत्म होने वाली इच्छा के बाद एक नई इच्छा का जन्म होता है और इसके साथ ही मनुष्य का असंतोष भी बढ़ता जाता है।

प्रश्न ख-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मेरी महत्त्वकांक्षा, मेरे उन्नतिशील विचार मुझे बराबर दौड़ाते रहे। मैं अपनी कुशलता से अपने भाग्य को धोखा देता रहा। यह भी मेरा पेट भर देता था। कभी-कभी मुझे ऐसा मालूम होता है कि यह दाँव बैठा कि मैं अपने-आप पर विजयी हुआ और मैं सुखी होकर संतुष्ट होकर चैन से संसार के एक कोने में बैठ जाऊँगा, किंतु वह मृग मरीचिका थी।”
प्रस्तुत अवतरण में मृग मरीचिका से क्या तात्पर्य है?

उत्तर:
प्रस्तुत अवतरण में मृग मरीचिका से तात्पर्य इंसान की कभी भी खत्म होने वाली इच्छाओं से है। रामनिहाल हमेशा सोचता था कि एक दिन वह संतुष्ट होकर कोने में बैठ जाएगा लेकिन ऐसा कभी भी संभव नहीं हो पाया।

प्रश्न ग-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मनोरमा घबरा उठी। उसने कहा – “चुप रहिए, आपकी तबीयत बिगड़ – रही है, शांत हो जाइए!”
कौन, किसे और क्यों शांत रहने के लिए कह रहा है?

उत्तर:
यहाँ पर मनोरमा अपने पति मोहनबाबू को शांत रहने के लिए कह रही है।
नाव पर घूमते समय बातों ही बातों में मोहनबाबू उत्तेजित हो जाते हैं और अजनबी रामनिहाल के सामने कुछ भी कहने लगते हैं इसलिए उनकी पत्नी मनोरमा चाहती है कि उसके पति शांत रहे।

प्रश्न ग-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मनोरमा घबरा उठी। उसने कहा – “चुप रहिए, आपकी तबीयत बिगड़ – रही है, शांत हो जाइए!”
मोहनबाबू कौन हैं और वे क्यों परेशान हैं?

उत्तर:
मोहनबाबू रामनिहाल के दफ़्तर के मालिक थे।
मोहनबाबू को संदेह था कि उनकी पत्नी मनोरमा और दफ़्तर में काम करने वाले उनके निकट संबंधी बृजकिशोर मिलकर उसके खिलाफ़ षडयंत्र रच रहे और उन्हें पागल साबित करने की कोशिश कर रहे हैं। इसलिए मोहनबाबू परेशान थे।

प्रश्न ग-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मनोरमा घबरा उठी। उसने कहा – “चुप रहिए, आपकी तबीयत बिगड़ – रही है, शांत हो जाइए!”
मोहनबाबू का किससे और क्यों मतभेद था?

उत्तर:
मोहनबाबू का अपनी पत्नी से वैचारिक स्तर पर मतभेद था। मोहनबाबू किसी भी विचार को दार्शनिक रूप से प्रकट करते थे जिसे उनकी पत्नी समझ नहीं पाती थी और यही उनके मतभेद का कारण था।

प्रश्न ग-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मनोरमा घबरा उठी। उसने कहा – “चुप रहिए, आपकी तबीयत बिगड़ – रही है, शांत हो जाइए!”
मोहनबाबू मनोरमा से माफ़ी क्यों माँगते हैं?

उत्तर:
नाव पर घूमते समय बातों ही बातों में मोहनबाबू का अपनी पत्नी से मतभेद हो जाता है और जिसके परिणास्वरूप वे अपनी पत्नी पर संदेह करते हैं ये बात अजनबी रामनिहाल के सामने प्रकट कर देते हैं। जब मोहनबाबू थोड़ा शांत हो जाते हैं तो उन्हें अपनी गलती का अहसास हो जाता है तब वे अपनी पत्नी से माफ़ी माँगते हैं।

प्रश्न घ-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
रामनिहाल हत बुद्धि अपराधी – श्यामा को देखने लगा, जैसे उसे कहीं भागने की राह न हो।
रामनिहाल ने श्यामा क्या बताया?

उत्तर:
रामनिहाल ने श्यामा को बताया कि बृजकिशोर बाबू चाहते हैं कि अदालत मोहनबाबू को पागल करार कर दे और उन्हें मोहनबाबू का निकट संबंधी होने के कारण सारी संपत्ति का प्रबंधक बना दे।

प्रश्न घ-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
रामनिहाल हत बुद्धि अपराधी – श्यामा को देखने लगा, जैसे उसे कहीं भागने की राह न हो।
रामनिहाल किस संदेह से ग्रसित था?

उत्तर:
रामनिहाल इस संदेह से ग्रसित था कि मनोरमा उसे प्यार करती है और इसलिए बार-बार उसे पत्र लिख कर बुला रही है।

प्रश्न घ-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
रामनिहाल हत बुद्धि अपराधी – श्यामा को देखने लगा, जैसे उसे कहीं भागने की राह न हो।
रामनिहाल हत बुद्धि क्यों हो गया?

उत्तर:
रामनिहाल अभी तक यह संदेह कर रहा था कि मनोरमा उससे प्यार करती है और इसलिए बार-बार पत्र लिखकर उसे बुला रही है पर जब श्यामा ने रामनिहाल को बताया कि वह एक दुखिया स्त्री है जो बृजकिशोर जैसे कपटी व्यक्ति के कारण उसकी सहायता चाहती है।
यह सुनकर रामनिहाल हत बुद्धि हो गया।
इस तरह जब श्यामा ने रामनिहाल के व्यर्थ के संदेह का निराकरण कर दिया तो रामनिहाल हत बुद्धि हो गया।

प्रश्न घ-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
रामनिहाल हत बुद्धि अपराधी – श्यामा को देखने लगा, जैसे उसे कहीं भागने की राह न हो।
अंत में श्यामा ने रामनिहाल को क्या सुझाव दिया?

उत्तर:
रामनिहाल की सारी बातें सुनने के बाद श्यामा यह जान गई कि रामनिहाल व्यर्थ के संदेह के कारण परेशान है। तब श्यामा ने उसके संदेह का निराकरण किया और रामनिहाल को सुझाव दिया कि मनोरमा एक दुखिया स्त्री है और रामनिहाल को उसकी सहायता करनी चाहिए।

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – दो कलाकार

February 2, 2024

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – दो कलाकार

ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions ML Aggarwal Solutions

प्रश्न क-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“मुझे तो तेरे दिमाग के कन्फ्यूजन का प्रतीक नज़र आ रहा है, बिना मतलब जिंदगी खराब कर रही है।”
उपर्युक्त अवतरण की वक्ता और श्रोता का परिचय दें।

उत्तर:
उपर्युक्त अवतरण की वक्ता अरुणा और श्रोता चित्रा है। ये दोनों अभिन्न सहेलियाँ हैं। अरुणा और चित्रा पिछले छः वर्षों से छात्रावास में एक साथ रहते हैं। चित्रा एक चित्रकार है और अरुणा को लोगों की सेवा करने में आनंद मिलता है।

प्रश्न क-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“मुझे तो तेरे दिमाग के कन्फ्यूजन का प्रतीक नज़र आ रहा है, बिना मतलब जिंदगी खराब कर रही है।”
चित्रा का अरुणा को नींद में से जगाने का क्या उद्देश्य है?

उत्तर :
चित्रा एक चित्रकार है और अरुणा उसकी मित्र अभी-अभी कुछ समय पहले उसने एक चित्र पूरा किया था जिसे वह अपनी मित्र अरुणा को दिखाना चाहती थी इसलिए चित्रा ने अरुणा को नींद से जगा दिया।

प्रश्न क-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“मुझे तो तेरे दिमाग के कन्फ्यूजन का प्रतीक नज़र आ रहा है, बिना मतलब जिंदगी खराब कर रही है।”
अरुणा ने चित्र को घनचक्कर क्यों कहा?

उत्तर:
चित्रा ने अरुणा को जब चित्र दिखाया तो तो उसमें सड़क, आदमी, ट्राम, बस, मोटर, मकान सब एक-दूसरे पर चढ़ रहे थे। मानो सबकी खिचड़ी पकाकर रख दी गई हो। इसलिए अरुणा ने उस चित्र को घनचक्कर कहा।

प्रश्न क-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“मुझे तो तेरे दिमाग के कन्फ्यूजन का प्रतीक नज़र आ रहा है, बिना मतलब जिंदगी खराब कर रही है।”
चित्रा ने उस चित्र को किसका प्रतीक कहा और क्यों?

उत्तर:
चित्रा ने उस चित्र को कन्फ्यूजन का प्रतीक का प्रतीक कहा क्योंकि उस चित्र में सड़क, आदमी, ट्राम, बस, मोटर, मकान सब एक-दूसरे पर चढ़ रहे थे।

प्रश्न ख-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
कागज़ पर इन निर्जीव चित्रों को बनाने के बजाय दो-चार की जिंदगी क्यों नहीं बना देती! तेरे पास सामर्थ्य है, साधन हैं!”
उपर्युक्त कथन का संदर्भ स्पष्ट करें।

उत्तर:
चित्रा चाय पर अरुणा का इंतजार कर रही होती है। इतने में अरुणा का आगमन होता है और चित्रा उसे बताती है कि उसके पिता का पत्र आया है जिसमें आगे की पढ़ाई के लिए उसे विदेश जाने की अनुमति मिल गई है। उस समय आपसी बातचीत के दौरान अरुणा चित्रा से उपर्युक्त कथन कहती है।

प्रश्न ख-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
कागज़ पर इन निर्जीव चित्रों को बनाने के बजाय दो-चार की जिंदगी क्यों नहीं बना देती! तेरे पास सामर्थ्य है, साधन हैं!”
उपर्युक्त कथन का तात्पर्य स्पष्ट करें।

उत्तर:
उपर्युक्त कथन से अरुणा का तात्पर्य चित्रा के असंवेदनशील होने से है। चित्रा चित्रकार होने के नाते केवल अपने चित्रों के बारे में ही सोचती रहती है। दुनिया में बड़ी-से-बड़ी घटना क्यों न घट जाय यदि चित्रा को उसमें चित्रकारी के लिए मॉडल नहीं मिलता तो उसके लिए वह घटना बेमानी होती है।

प्रश्न ख-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
कागज़ पर इन निर्जीव चित्रों को बनाने के बजाय दो-चार की जिंदगी क्यों नहीं बना देती! तेरे पास सामर्थ्य है, साधन हैं!”
अरुणा ने आवेश में आकर यह क्यों कहा कि किस काम की ऐसी कला जो आदमी को आदमी न रहने दें।

उत्तर:
चित्रा दुनिया से कोई मतलब नहीं रखती थी। वह बस चौबीसों घंटे अपने रंग और तूलिकाओं में डूबी रहती थी। दुनिया में कितनी भी बड़ी घटना घट जाए, पर यदि उसमें चित्रा के चित्र के लिए कोई आइडिया नहीं तो वह उसके लिए कोई महत्त्व नहीं रखती थी। वह हर जगह, हर चीज में अपने चित्रों के लिए मॉडल ढूंढा करती थी। इसलिए अरुणा ने आवेश में आकर यह कहा कि किस काम की ऐसी कला जो आदमी को आदमी न रहने दें।

प्रश्न ख-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
कागज़ पर इन निर्जीव चित्रों को बनाने के बजाय दो-चार की जिंदगी क्यों नहीं बना देती! तेरे पास सामर्थ्य है, साधन हैं!”
अरुणा उपर्युक्त कथन द्वारा चित्रा को क्या कहना चाहती है?

उत्तर:
अरुणा उपर्युक्त कथन द्वारा चित्रा को कहना चाहती है कि वह अमीर पिता की बेटी है उसके पास साधनों और पैसे की कोई कमी नहीं है अत: वह उन साधनों से किसी की जिंदगी सँवार सकती है।

प्रश्न ग-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“आज चित्रा को जाना था। अरुणा सवेरे से ही उसका सारा सामान ठीक कर रही थी।”
चित्रा को कहाँ और क्यों जाना था?

उत्तर:
चित्रा को चित्रकला के संबंध में विदेश जाना था।

प्रश्न ग-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“आज चित्रा को जाना था। अरुणा सवेरे से ही उसका सारा सामान ठीक कर रही थी।”
चित्रा को घर लौटने में देर क्यों हुई?

उत्तर:
चित्रा को चित्रकला के संबंध में विदेश जाना था इसलिए वह अपने गुरु से मिल कर घर लौट रही थी। घर लौटते समय उसने देखा कि पेड़ के नीचे एक भिखारिन मरी पड़ी थी और उसके दोनों बच्चे उसके सूखे हुए शरीर से चिपक कर बुरी तरह रो रहे थे। उस दृश्य को चित्रा अपने केनवास पर उतारने लग गई इसलिए उसे घर लौटने में देर हो गई।

प्रश्न ग-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“आज चित्रा को जाना था। अरुणा सवेरे से ही उसका सारा सामान ठीक कर रही थी।”
चित्रा को कितने बजे जाना था और उसकी आँखें किसे ढूँढ रही थी?

उत्तर:
चित्रा को शाम की पाँच बजे की गाड़ी से जाना था और उसकी आँखें उसकी मित्र अरुणा को ढूँढ रही थी।

प्रश्न ग-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“आज चित्रा को जाना था। अरुणा सवेरे से ही उसका सारा सामान ठीक कर रही थी।”
विदेश में उसके किस चित्र को अनेक प्रतियोगिताओं में प्रथम पुरस्कार मिल चुका था?

उत्तर:
चित्रा ने भिखारिन और उसके शरीर से चिपके उसके बच्चों का चित्र बनाया था जिसे उसने अनाथ शीर्षक दिया था। विदेश में उसका यही अनाथ शीर्षक वाला चित्र अनेक प्रतियोगिताओं में प्रथम पुरस्कार प्राप्त कर चुका था।

प्रश्न घ-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“कुछ नहीं… मैं…सोच रही थी कि….” पर शब्द शायद उसके विचारों में खो गए।
अनेक प्रतियोगिताओं में चित्रा का कौन-सा चित्र प्रथम पुरस्कार पा चुका था?

उत्तर:
चित्रा जब भारत में थी तब उसने एक चित्र बनाया था। उस चित्र में एक भिखारिन मरी पड़ी थी और उसके दो बच्चे उसके सूखे शरीर से चिपककर बुरी तरह रो रहे थे। इस चित्र को चित्रा ने ‘अनाथ’ शीर्षक दिया था। चित्रा के इसी चित्र को अनेक प्रतियोगिता में प्रथम पुरस्कार मिल चुका था।

प्रश्न घ-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“कुछ नहीं… मैं…सोच रही थी कि….” पर शब्द शायद उसके विचारों में खो गए।
भिखारिन के दोनों बच्चों का क्या हुआ?

उत्तर:
चित्रा ने अरुणा को भिखारिन और उसके दो बच्चों के बारे में बताया। अरुणा ने तुरंत भिखारिन के दोनों बच्चों को अपने घर ले आईं और उन्हें गोद लेकर उनका पालन-पोषण करने लगी। इस तरह अरुणा जैसी संवेदनशील व्यक्ति के कारण उन दो अनाथ बच्चों को घर, परिवार, मान-सम्मान और प्यार मिला।

प्रश्न घ-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“कुछ नहीं… मैं…सोच रही थी कि….” पर शब्द शायद उसके विचारों में खो गए।
अरुणा और चित्रा में से महान कलाकार कौन है और क्यों?

उत्तर:
अरुणा और चित्रा में से महान कलाकार अरुणा है क्योंकि चित्रा ने केवल ख्याति प्राप्त करने के उद्देश्य से चित्र बनाया और पर अरुणा ने बिना किसी स्वार्थ के उन बच्चों को अपनाया। चित्रा के लिए वे बच्चे केवल चित्र के मॉडल मात्र थे परंतु वहीँ दूसरी ओर अरुणा के सामने उनके भविष्य का प्रश्न था जिसे उसने सँवारा।

प्रश्न घ-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
“कुछ नहीं… मैं…सोच रही थी कि….” पर शब्द शायद उसके विचारों में खो गए।
‘दो कलाकार’ कहानी का उद्देश्य स्पष्ट कीजिए।

उत्तर:
‘दो कलाकार’ कहानी अत्यंत मर्मस्पर्शी कहानी है। इस कहानी द्वारा लेखिका ने यह समझाने का प्रयास किया है कि निर्धन और असहाय लोगों की मदद करनी चाहिए। इस कहानी द्वारा सच्चे कलाकार की परिभाषा को भी परिभाषित करने का प्रयास किया गया है। लेखिका के अनुसार सच्चा कलाकार वह होता है जो समाज के साथ सहानुभूति और सरोकार रखता हो।

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – चलना हमारा काम है [कविता]

February 2, 2024

ICSE Class 10 Hindi Solutions साहित्य सागर – चलना हमारा काम है [कविता]

ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions ML Aggarwal Solutions

प्रश्न क-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
गति प्रबल पैरों में भरी
फिर क्यों रहूँ दर दर खड़ा
जब आज मेरे सामने
है रास्ता इतना पड़ा
जब तक न मंज़िल पा सकूँ,
तब तक मुझे न विराम है, चलना हमारा काम है।

कुछ कह लिया, कुछ सुन लिया
कुछ बोझ अपना बँट गया
अच्छा हुआ, तुम मिल गईं
कुछ रास्ता ही कट गया
क्या राह में परिचय कहूँ, राही हमारा नाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
कवि के पैरों में कैसी गति भरी पड़ी है?

उत्तर:
कवि के पैरों में प्रबल गति भरी पड़ी है।

प्रश्न क-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
गति प्रबल पैरों में भरी
फिर क्यों रहूँ दर दर खड़ा
जब आज मेरे सामने
है रास्ता इतना पड़ा
जब तक न मंज़िल पा सकूँ,
तब तक मुझे न विराम है, चलना हमारा काम है।

कुछ कह लिया, कुछ सुन लिया
कुछ बोझ अपना बँट गया
अच्छा हुआ, तुम मिल गईं
कुछ रास्ता ही कट गया
क्या राह में परिचय कहूँ, राही हमारा नाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।

कवि दर-दर क्यों खड़ा नहीं होना चाहता?

उत्तर :
कवि के पैरों में प्रबल गति है, तो फिर उसे दर-दर खड़ा होने की क्या आवश्यकता है।

प्रश्न क-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
गति प्रबल पैरों में भरी
फिर क्यों रहूँ दर दर खड़ा
जब आज मेरे सामने
है रास्ता इतना पड़ा
जब तक न मंज़िल पा सकूँ,
तब तक मुझे न विराम है, चलना हमारा काम है।

कवि का रास्ता आसानी से कैसे कट गया?

उत्तर:
कवि को रस्ते में एक साथिन मिल गई जिससे उसने कुछ कह लिया और कुछ उसकी बातें सुन लीं जिसके कारण उसका बोझ कुछ कम हो गया और रास्ता आसानी से कट गया।

प्रश्न क-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
गति प्रबल पैरों में भरी
फिर क्यों रहूँ दर दर खड़ा
जब आज मेरे सामने
है रास्ता इतना पड़ा
जब तक न मंज़िल पा सकूँ,
तब तक मुझे न विराम है, चलना हमारा काम है।

कुछ कह लिया, कुछ सुन लिया
कुछ बोझ अपना बँट गया
अच्छा हुआ, तुम मिल गईं
कुछ रास्ता ही कट गया
क्या राह में परिचय कहूँ, राही हमारा नाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
शब्दार्थ लिखिए –
गति, प्रबल, विराम, मंज़िल

उत्तर:
गति – चाल
प्रबल – रफ्तार
विराम – आराम
मंज़िल – लक्ष्य

प्रश्न ख-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
जीवन अपूर्ण लिए हुए
पाता कभी खोता कभी
आशा निराशा से घिरा,
हँसता कभी रोता कभी
गति-मति न हो अवरुद्ध, इसका ध्यान आठों याम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।

इस विशद विश्व-प्रहार में
किसको नहीं बहना पड़ा
सुख-दुख हमारी ही तरह,
किसको नहीं सहना पड़ा
फिर व्यर्थ क्यों कहता फिरूँ, मुझ पर विधाता वाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।

मनुष्य जीवन में किससे घिरा रहता है?

उत्तर:
मनुष्य जीवन में आशा और निराशा से घिरा रहता है।

प्रश्न ख-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
जीवन अपूर्ण लिए हुए
पाता कभी खोता कभी
आशा निराशा से घिरा,
हँसता कभी रोता कभी
गति-मति न हो अवरुद्ध, इसका ध्यान आठों याम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।

इस विशद विश्व-प्रहार में
किसको नहीं बहना पड़ा
सुख-दुख हमारी ही तरह,
किसको नहीं सहना पड़ा
फिर व्यर्थ क्यों कहता फिरूँ, मुझ पर विधाता वाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
कवि ने जीवन को अपूर्ण क्यों कहा है?

उत्तर:
मनुष्य जीवन में कभी सुख तो कभी दुःख आते है। कभी कुछ पाता है तो कभी खोता है। आशा और निराशा से घिरा रहता है। इसलिए कवि ने जीवन को अपूर्ण कहा है।

प्रश्न ख-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
जीवन अपूर्ण लिए हुए
पाता कभी खोता कभी
आशा निराशा से घिरा,
हँसता कभी रोता कभी
गति-मति न हो अवरुद्ध, इसका ध्यान आठों याम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
इस विशद विश्व-प्रहार में
किसको नहीं बहना पड़ा
सुख-दुख हमारी ही तरह,
किसको नहीं सहना पड़ा
फिर व्यर्थ क्यों कहता फिरूँ, मुझ पर विधाता वाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
‘फिर व्यर्थ क्यों कहता फिरूँ, मुझ पर विधाता वाम है’ – का आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए।

उत्तर:
कवि के अनुसार इस संसार में हर व्यक्ति को सुख और दुख सहना पड़ता है और ईश्वर के आदेश के अनुसार चलना पड़ता है। इसीलिए कवि कहता है कि दुःख आने पर में क्यों कहता फिरूँ के मुझसे विधाता रुष्ट है।

प्रश्न ख-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
जीवन अपूर्ण लिए हुए
पाता कभी खोता कभी
आशा निराशा से घिरा,
हँसता कभी रोता कभी
गति-मति न हो अवरुद्ध, इसका ध्यान आठों याम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
इस विशद विश्व-प्रहार में
किसको नहीं बहना पड़ा
सुख-दुख हमारी ही तरह,
किसको नहीं सहना पड़ा
फिर व्यर्थ क्यों कहता फिरूँ, मुझ पर विधाता वाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
शब्दार्थ लिखिए –
अपूर्ण, आठों याम, विशद, वाम

उत्तर:
अपूर्ण – जो पूरा न हो
आठों याम – आठ पहर
विशद – बड़े
वाम – विरुद्ध

प्रश्न ग-i:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मैं पूर्णता की खोज में
दर-दर भटकता ही रहा
प्रत्येक पग पर कुछ न कुछ
रोडा अटकता ही रहा
निराशा क्यों मुझे?
जीवन इसी का नाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
साथ में चलते रहे
कुछ बीच ही से फिर गए
गति न जीवन की रूकी
जो गिर गए सो गिर गए
रहे हर दम,
उसी की सफलता अभिराम है,
चलना हमारा काम है
जो गिर गए सो गिर गए रहे हर दम, उसी की सफलता अभिराम है, चलना हमारा काम है।’ पंक्ति का आशय स्पष्ट करें।

उत्तर:
उपर्युक्त पंक्ति का आशय निरंतर गतिशीलता से है। जीवन के पड़ाव में कई मोड़ आते हैं, कई साथी मिलते है, कुछ साथ चलते हैं तो कुछ बिछड़ भी जाते हैं। पर इसका यह अर्थ नहीं कि जीवन थम जाए जो भी कारण हो लेकिन जीवन को अबाध गति से चलते ही रहना चाहिए।

प्रश्न ग-ii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मैं पूर्णता की खोज में
दर-दर भटकता ही रहा
प्रत्येक पग पर कुछ न कुछ
रोडा अटकता ही रहा
निराशा क्यों मुझे?
जीवन इसी का नाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।

साथ में चलते रहे
कुछ बीच ही से फिर गए
गति न जीवन की रूकी
जो गिर गए सो गिर गए
रहे हर दम,
उसी की सफलता अभिराम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
प्रस्तुत कविता में कवि दर-दर क्यों भटकता है?

उत्तर:
प्रस्तुत कविता में कवि पूर्णता की चाह रखता है और इसी पूर्णता को पाने के लिए वह दर-दर भटकता है।

प्रश्न ग-iii:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मैं पूर्णता की खोज में
दर-दर भटकता ही रहा
प्रत्येक पग पर कुछ न कुछ
रोडा अटकता ही रहा
निराशा क्यों मुझे?
जीवन इसी का नाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
साथ में चलते रहे
कुछ बीच ही से फिर गए
गति न जीवन की रूकी
जो गिर गए सो गिर गए
रहे हर दम,
उसी की सफलता अभिराम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
शब्दार्थ लिखिए – रोड़ा, निराशा, अभिराम

उत्तर:
रोड़ा – बाधा
निराशा – दुःख
अभिराम – सुंदर

प्रश्न ग-iv:
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :
मैं पूर्णता की खोज में
दर-दर भटकता ही रहा
प्रत्येक पग पर कुछ न कुछ
रोडा अटकता ही रहा
निराशा क्यों मुझे?
जीवन इसी का नाम है,
चलना हमारा काम है।
साथ में चलते रहे
कुछ बीच ही से फिर गए
गति न जीवन की रूकी
जो गिर गए सो गिर गए
रहे हर दम,
उसी की सफलता अभिराम है,
चलना हमारा काम है
‘जीवन इसी का नाम है से क्या तात्पर्य है?

उत्तर:
जीवन इसी का नाम से तात्पर्य आगे बढ़ने में आने वाली रुकावटों से है। कवि के अनुसार इस जीवन रूपी पथ पर आगे बढ़ते हुए हमें अनेक कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ता है परंतु हमें निराश या थककर नहीं बैठना चाहिए। जीवन पथ पर आगे बढ़ते हुए बाधाओं का आना स्वाभाविक है क्योंकि जीवन इसी का नाम होता है जब हम इन बाधाओं को पार कर आगे बढ़ते हैं।