Category: ICSE Solutions

ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 19 Need and Method for Reducing, Reusing & Recycling Waste

Question 1.
State two methods for managing waste efficiently and properly.
Answer:
The two methods for managing waste efficiently and properly by the following ways:

1. To reduce generation of waste resource.
2. To find suitable ways to turn waste into wealth i. e. turn it into potential resource.

Hence the basic concept of 3R’s., i.e. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle plays the most important role in the modem waste management strategy.
Its aim is to generate minimum amount of waste and to extract maximum benefit from the waste generated or produced.

Question 2.
In what way can we reduce the generation of waste?
Answer:
We can reduce the generation of waste by the following ways:
(a) Change of Process :
By changing a modem method to make the best use of raw materials reduces the waste generation in industries.
In zinc electroplating chlorides are used in the process instead of using the sulphate salt in order to eliminate the production of cyanides.

(b) Waste Concentration :
By using scientific techniques such as precipitation and evaporation the amount of liquid waste can be reduced. Incineration can be used to get rid of inflammable wastes.

(c) Segregation of Waste :
First of all, non-hazardous waste are separated from hazardous waste rather than dumping them together. Then the small amount of hazardous waste can be treated. We can dispose of a large amount of non-hazardous waste in the traditional ways.

Question 3.
How can we utilize the household waste?
Answer:
Each individual should change his or her lifestyle in such a way as to reduce environmental pollution. It can be done by following ways:

• Use carry bags made of paper or cloth instead of polythene.
• Help more in pollution prevention than pollution control.
• Use eco-friendly products. ,
• Cut down the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as they destroy the ozone layer. Do not use styrofoam cups that have chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) molecules in them which destroy ozone layer.
• Use the chemicals derived from peaches and plums to clean computer chips and circuit boards instead of CFCs.
• Use CFC-free refrigerators.
• Save electricity by not wasting it when not required because electricity saved is electricity generated without polluting the environment. For example, put on warm clothes rather than switching on a heater.

Question 4.
What substitutes would you suggest in place of plastic and polythene bags which are non-biodegradable?
Answer:
Reducing the use of harmful articles which are non- biodegradable like plastic and polythenes and replacing them by cloth bags or paper bags.

Question 5.
What is meant by 3 Rs? Explain with the help of appropriate examples.
Answer:
3 Rs are Reduction, Reuse and Recycling. It plays most important role in the modem waste management strategy. Its aim is to generate minimum amount of waste and to extract maximum benefit from the waste generate or produced.

Reduction means the least use of waste e.g. bigger packages will reduce the package material saved and so the waste. Reuse is economical and wise e.g. use washable mugs, washable table napkins etc.

Recycling means the profitable use of the domestic waste and industrial wastes, e.g. plastic bottles, bags and containers may be recycled. In the same way the scrap iron may be recycled by melting and purifying it.

Question 6.
How can you recycle paper?
Answer:
Paper Recycling: Waste Paper sometimes reused to make new paper through a process called Paper Recycling. Many different products result from paper recycling. For instance, new computer paper and stationary result from recycling used chipboard or boxboard. It is also used in manufacturing such building materials as insulation, plasterboard and roofing.

Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 ICSE Geography Solutions

Check the below ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter Chapter 18 Waste Generation & Management – Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste with Questions and Answers Pdf free download. Students can also read Waste Generation and Management Class 10 ICSE Solutions.

ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 18 Waste Generation & Management – Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste

Question 1.
Why is it necessary to segregate waste at source?
Answer:
It is necessary to segregate waste at source because if the waste is not separated properly at source, it all gets mixed up in landfills. The dangers of this is that they all leak after a period of time, resulting in leachate or toxic soup at the bottom, which can contaminate groundwater and release explosive methane gas.

Question 2.
What precautions should be observed while collecting the waste?
Answer:
Following Precautions should be observed while collecting the waste:

• The Collection bins must be covered so that the waste is not exposed to atmosphere and stray cattle.
• Mannual handling of waste must be avoided so as to prevent people from exposure to dreadful diseases.
• The storage bins must be so designed that handling and transferring of waste into vans or trucks can be done properly.
• Collection of waste must be organised areawise by covered trucks, vans or rickshaws so as to prevent litering on the roads.
• Building materials, debris and demolition waste must be separately collected and disposed of appropriately.

Question 3.
Why should the waste bins be kept covered?
Answer:
The waste bins must be covered so that the waste is not exposed to atmosphere and stray cattle.

Question 4.
Why should manual handling of waste be avoided?
Answer:
Manual handling of waste must be avoided so as to prevent people from exposure to dreadful diseases and infections.

Question 5.
How is waste transferred? What happens if the vehicles used for transporting waste are not covered?
Answer:
Hazardous waste transporters are individuals or entities that move hazardous waste from one site to another by highway, rail, water, or air.
Vehicles used for transfer or transportation of must be especially designed for waste collection.
It should be covered while being transferred to prevent the pollution of environment and spread and litter on the roads.

Question 6.
What are landfills? What factors must be kept in mind while planning a landfill?
Answer:
Landfills –
Landfills are large area on the outskirts of cities where the waste is deposited on or in the ground and covered with earth.
Factors:

• Topography –
  Any large area away from the city may be used for the site of a landfill.
• Accessibility –
  The site of disposal must be located either centrally or near the source of waste generated.
• Climate-
  The frequency of rainfall, the velocity and direction of prevailing wind and overall temperature-time relationship are factors to be considered at a particular site for landfill.

Question 7.
State the problems associated with landfills.
Answer:
The Problems associated with landfills are:

• The landfills give out a bad odour and affects people living or working nearby.
• A major problem associated with landfills involves the contamination of surrounding water supplies, aquifier and soil by leachate.
• Another serious problem associated with landfill is their creation of explosive methane gas. This gas can leak into the surrounding soil, damaging plants.

Question 8.
What is a leachate? Why is it harmful for soil and water?
Answer:
Leachate:
Leachate is formed when rainwater leaks into the landfill. As the water problems percolates through the landfill, chemical processes turn it acidic. This acidic water then dissolves toxic chemicals from common hazardous waste products such as household cleaners, insect sprays and paints.
The resulting toxic leachate leaks through the bottom and sides of the landfill and contaminates water.
It is associated with landfill is their creation of explosive methane gas. The gas is a by product of chemical processes that occur when bacteria decompose waste. This gas can leak into the surrounding soil and damaging plants.

Question 9.
What is meant by composting?
Answer:
Composting of waste is an aerobic (in the presence of air) method of decomposing solid wastes. The process involves decomposition of organic waste into humus known as compost which is a good fertilizer for plants.

Question 10.
Explain the process of composting in brief.
Answer:
Composting of waste is an aerobic (in the presence of air) method of decomposing solid wastes. The process involves decomposition of organic waste into humus known as compost which is a good fertilizer for plants.

The composting process produces carbon dioxide and heat which can be used for various purposes like cooking. The organic wastes from households are made to undergo decomposition in such a way that bacteria and other micro-organisms break them down and product a safe, clean and soil-like material called compost.

Question 11.
State any three advantages of composting.
Answer:
The major advantages of composting are :

• It enhances soil nutrients and water retention capacity of soils.
• It suppresses plant diseases.
• It rejuvenates poor soils by adding humus.
• It absorbs odours and degrading volatile organic compounds.
• It prevents pollution by preventing pollutants in storm water run-off from draining into water resources.
• It checks soil erosion and silting on embankments.
• It reduces cost by reducing the need for excess water, fertilizers and pesticides.

Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 ICSE Geography Solutions

ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 17 Waste Management – Need for Management of Waste

Question 1.
Give two reasons why waste must be managed efficiently?
Answer:
Waste must be managed efficiently due to the following reasons :

• Increasing urbanisation has lead to overcrowding of cities. Thus, lack of space for disposal of garbage, increasing air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and nuclear pollution is affecting life on Earth.
• The rapid growth of population and industry and the increase in the number of vehicles and airplanes, has made pollution of environment a serious problem in many metropolitan cities and even rural areas since last two decades.

Question 2.
Why should waste be recycled?
Answer:
The waste should be recycled due to following reasons :

• The waste must be recycled to conserve our resources.
• To protect our environment.

Question 3.
In what way developing countries face more problems than developed countries in managing waste?
Answer:
The need for waste management also depends on the country’s level of development.
Developed countries of US and Europe do not face the same problems as they have the latest know how, public awareness and better management techniques.

Question 4.
Write a brief note on the need for management of waste in India.
Answer:
The need of the India is to implement the following steps in controlling pollution and to manage increasing generation of waste to their advantage by recycling it.

• Restricting Population growth.
• Evolvement of proper infrastructure.
• Disposal of waste in covered vans.
• Educating the farmers about the impact of harmful pesticides on human life and soil.
• Implementation of strict laws against polluting the environment by imposing heavy fines.

Question 5.
What is meant by E-waste? Why is it important to recycle it?
Answer:
E-waste or electronic waste include a wide range of electronic goods like washing machines, refrigerators, television etc.
E-waste recycling is very important to protect our environment.

Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 ICSE Geography Solutions

ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank with Solutions

• Chapter 1 Interpretation of Topographical Maps 1
• Chapter 2 Interpretation of Topographical Maps 2
• Chapter 3 Location, Extent and Physical Features of India (Through Map Only)
• Chapter 4 Climate of India
• Chapter 5 Soil Resources in India
• Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation
• Chapter 7 Water Resources
• Chapter 8 Mineral and Energy Resources 1
• Chapter 9 Mineral and Energy Resources 2
• Chapter 10 Agriculture in India 1: Introduction
• Chapter 11 Agriculture in India 2: Food Crops
• Chapter 12 Agriculture in India 3: Cash Crops
• Chapter 13 Manufacturing Industries in India 1: Agro-based
• Chapter 14 Manufacturing Industries in India 2: Mineral-based
• Chapter 15 Transport
• Chapter 16 Waste Management — Impact of Waste Accumulation
• Chapter 17 Waste Management — Need for Management of Waste
• Chapter 18 Waste Generation & Management — Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste
• Chapter 19 Need and Method for Reducing, Reusing & Recycling Waste

ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 16 Waste Management – Impact of Waste Accumulation

Question 1.
What is meant by spoilage of landscape? How does it affect the environment?
Answer:
Spoilage of landscape refers to inefficient and improper management of accumulated waste.
It pollutes the environment and leads to health hazards. The decaying waste matter becomes the breeding ground for all sort of insects, flies and mosquitoes in over crowd residential are as where it may spread infectous diseases.

Question 2.
What is meant by pollutant? Give two examples of air pollution.
Answer:
Pollutant: Substances causing pollution called pollutants.
Examples of Air Pollution:

• Ash from the volcanic eruptions.
• Carbon monoxide from motor vehicles.
• Exhaust or sulphur dioxide from factories.

Question 3.
Name two diseases caused by air pollution.
Answer:
Diseases caused by air pollution are:

1. Asthma
2. Irritation of respiratory diminished lung function.

Question 4.
What is meant by eutrophication? How does it affect aquatic life?
Answer:
Water pollution gives use to eutrophication. It is the process of depletion of oxygen from water bodies occurring either naturally or due to human activities. The process of eutrophication takes place due to introduction of nutrients and chemicals through discharge of domestic sewage, industrial effluents and fertilizers from agricultural field. Algae and phytoplankton use carbon dioxide, inorganic nitrogen and phosphate from the water as food.

They serve as food for microscopic animals (zooplankton). Small fish feed on these zooplanktons and large fish in turns consume these small fish. When nutrients become abundant due to waste accumulation, the growth of phytoplankton and algae increases. Consequently, the penetration of oxygen, light and heat into the waterbody is reduced. This causes death of most of the aquatic organisms, draining water of all its oxygen,

Question 5.
Name the disease caused by mercury contamination in Japan.
Answer:
Minamata disease caused by mercury contamination in Japan.

Question 6.
What affect does the burning of organic waste has on environment?
Answer:
Burning of organic waste has following affects on the environment:

• It causes pollution.
• It causes many harmful diseases like respiratory problems and even caused cancer.
• Some chemicals like cyanides, polychlorinated piphenyls are highly toxic and exposure to them leads to disease or death.
• Burning of organic waste can affect human health, children most vulnerable to these pollutants as the direct exposure leads to chemical poisoning.

Question 7.
Name any three diseases caused due to water pollution?
Answer:
Diseases caused to water pollution are :
Skin rashes, nausea, stomach ailments and cancer.

Question 8.
What is meant by biomagnification?
Answer:
The term Biomagnification means increasing die concentration of various toxic substances along the food chain. Toxic substances at the level of primary producers get concentrated at each trophic level as they move up the food chain.

Question 9.
How is acid rain caused? What are its effects?
Answer:
“When oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen of air come in contact with water of rain they form corresponding acids and constitute Acid Rain”.
Causes of Acid Rain : “The cause of acid rain is the formation of mineral acids like nitric acid, sulphuric acid and carbonic acid”.

Question 10.
What are hazards caused by soil pollutions?
Answer:
Hazards caused by soil pollutions are :

• It increase the toxicity in soil.
• Micro-organisms enter the food chain or water and are consequently ingested by man.
• Soil pollutants include fertilizers and pesticides these chemicals remain in soil for a long time continuously contaminating the top soil and ground water.

Question 11.
What are the effects of untreated solid waste?
Answer:
The effects of untreated solid waste are following :

• Numerous insects, bacteria and virus grow on the routing waste which are capable of spreading several diseases like diarrhoea, cholera etc.
• Mosquitoes are known for spreading Malaria.
• Flies carry the virus and spread it in the adjoining areas. People fall sick and start vomiting.
• Toxic substances found in waste cause cancer, genetic disorder and foetal human (teratogens) chemicals like arsenic, cadmium and chromium are mostly responsible for cancer.

Question 12.
Why is its essential to have Proper disposal of waste?
Answer:
It is essential to have proper disposal of waste so as to reduce the harmful impact of wastes.

Question 13.
Name the diseases spread by industrial effluents.
Answer:
Pollutant from industries which are released water, such as arsenic, lead, mercury, fluorides etc have serious health impact on humans and caused Minamata disease.

Question 14.
How do farm waste affect human life? Name any two harmful substances they contain.
Answer:
Effects of farm waste on human life are as follows :

• After burning crop residue floats in air and affects the health of people.
• Activity of threshing also releases a lot of waste in the form of straw.
  Its particles remain suspended in air which affects the health of people, especially the asthmatic patients.
• Many farmers in dairy farming which makes the air stinking.
  The harmful substances are nitrate and phosphate. Contaminate with water bodies and create undesirable effects.

Question 15.
Name any three pollutants produced by chemical effects from industries? How do they affect terrestrial life?
Answer:
Industrial Pollutants are such as chemical waste consisting of lead, mercury, arsenic and fluorides.
Affect on Terrestrial life :

• Earthworms and other soil organisms are extremely susceptible to cadmium poisoning.
• Chronic poisoning results from consumption of arsenic, lead and molybednum.
• Another known pollutant is fluoride. Animals are suceptible to fluorosis.
  Cattle and sheep are most commonly affected animals.

Question 16.
How does DDT affect the marine life?
Answer:
Dumping of industrial wastes such as pesticides, especially DDT can accumulate in the fatty tissues of animals. This could lead to failure of the reproductive system of the animals.

Question 17.
Why is fluoride harmful for cattles?
Answer:
Animals are suceptible to fluorosis. Cattle and sheep are most commonly affected animals.
Diarrhoea, weight loss, lowered fertility and reduced milk production are some of the major effects of fluorides seen in animals and cattles.

Question 18.
How do plastics affect marine life? What are its substitutes?
Answer:
Plastics dumped into ocean can affect the marine life seriously. Plastics substitutes such as bottle and bags could choke and suffocate the sea animals, as they eat them thinking that they are food. Plastics are known to be a major cause for the death of turtles, as they swallow the floating bags, mistaking them for jelly fish.

Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 ICSE Geography Solutions

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examination (CISCE) organizes ICSE Exam for all the affiliated schools. The ICSE Board frames exams in a way to give an in-depth understanding of concepts covering all the important topics. Books are very much essential before you begin with your preparation and also to have a better understanding of concepts.

ICSE Books prevailing over here acts an important study material and resources for all those preparing for their Board Exams. Not just students, but also teachers rely on these Indian Certificate of Secondary Education Books while teaching a particular subject.

• ICSE Solutions
• Selina Solutions
• ML Aggarwal Solutions
• RS Aggarwal Solutions

Have a glance at the ICSE Subjectwise Prescribed Textbooks along with the Authors by referring further. The Textbooks recommended by subject experts act as an instruction manual for students.

• English(01)
• AO NAGA(42)
• Assamese(02)
• Bengali(03)
• DZONGKHA(26)
• GARO(40)
• Gujarathi(04)
• Hindi(05)
• Kannada(06)
• Khasi (07)
• Lepcha(20)
• Malayalam(08)
• Marathi(09)
• Manipuri(18)
• Mizo(17)
• Nepali(10)
• Odia(11)
• Punjabi(12)
• Sanskrit(19)
• Tamil(13)
• Tangkhul(47)
• Telugu(14)
• Tenyidie(41)
• Urdu(16)
• French(27)
• German(28)
• Spanish(36)

ICSE Subjectwise List of Prescribed Textbooks

You can go through the list of prescribed books for all the subjects as reading from multiple sources will just confuse you. ICSE Textbooks prevailing will provide in-depth knowledge about the particular subject. You can complete your homework or assignments simply by using these books. Utilize these ultimate preparation tools and make your learning complete. You can gain insights into the Syllabus Topics.

To help all such students preparing for their ICSE Board Exams we have compiled the best reference books that aid in your preparation. You will have everything covered in these books right from basic standard to high standard. All the concepts are explained in a descriptive manner and simple language. All the ISC Books and Study Material Present are given as per the Latest CISCE Curriculum and followed by many schools.

English(01)

PAPER 1. (Language)
No specific book is being recommended for background reading.
PAPER 2. (Literature in English)

• DRAMA: The Merchant of Venice
  (Shakespeare’s unabridged play by A.W. Verity)
  OR
• The Mousetrap – Agatha Christie
• TREASURE TROVE – A collection of ICSE Poems & Short Stories (Evergreen Publications (India) Ltd. New Delhi).

Poetry

• Heart of a Tree by Henry Cuyler Bunner
• After Blenheim by Robert Southey
• The Cold Within by James Patrick Kinney
•  The Patriot by Robert Browning
•  Nine Gold Medals by David Roth
• Television by Roald Dahl
•  Daffodils by William Wordsworth
• Bangle sellers by Sarojini Naidu
•  Abu Ben Adheim by Leigh Hunt
•  I Know why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou

Prose

1.  Short Stories:

(i) Chief Seattle’s Speech
(ii) The Old Man at the Bridge by Earnest
Hemmingway
(iii) A Horse and Two Goats by R.K. Narayan
(iv) Hearts and Hands by O’ Henry
(v) A Face in the Dark by Ruskin Bond
(vi) Angel in Disguise by T.S. Arthur
(vii) The Little Match Girl by Hans Christian
Andersen
(viii) The Blue Bead by Norah Burke
(ix) My Greatest Olympic Prize by Jesse
Owens
(x) All Summer in a Day by Ray Bradbury

2. Animal Farm by George Orwell

3. Call of the Wild by Jack London

Indian Languages

AO NAGA(42)

• Mejen O 2nd edition.
  (An Anthology of Poems and Short Stories by Contemporary Ao writers, JMS Publication).
• Khristan Aeni Aoba 2nd edition.
  (A translation of John Bunyan’s ‘The Pilgrim’s Progress’, A BAM Publication).
• Akumlir Wadang by L. Imti Aier.

Assamese(02)

• Karengar Ligiri (Drama): by Jyoti Prasad Agarwala
•  Saudor Puteke Naau Meli Jai (Novel) by Homen Buragohain
• Kabita Manjuri (a collection of poems)
• Asomiya Chuti Galpar Prabah (a collection
  of short stories)

Bengali(03)

(i)Sonkolita: A collection of ICSE Short Stories & Poems by Power Publishers, Kolkata

Short Stories:

• Ginni by Rabindranath Tagore.
• Laloo by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
• Baama by Bibhutibhushan Banadyopadhyay
• Canvassar by Banaphul
• Naam by Narendranath Mitra
• Asohojogee by Manik Bandyopadhyay
• Debotar Jonmo by Shibram Chakraborty
•  Neel Manusher Kahini by Sunil Gangyopadhyay
• Gandhota Baro Sandehojanak by Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay
• Lokti by Humayun Ahmed

(ii)Poems:

• Bangabhumir prati by Madhusudan Dutta
• Shobhotar prati by Rabindranath Tagore
• Kuli-Mojur by Najrul Islam
• Aabar Asibo Phire by Jibananda Das
• Siri by Sukanta Bhattacharya
• Rabindranather Prati by Buddhadeb Basu
• Phul Futuk Na Futuk by Subhash Mukhopadhay
• Amalkanti by Nirendranath Chakraborty
• Babu Bolen by Shankha Ghosh
• Kho-Kho by Amitabha Dasgupta

(iii) Novel: Chander Pahar by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
(iv) Drama: Jambo by Mohit Chattopadhyay

DZONGKHA(26)

(i) Gyalse Laglen by Prose (Reader VIII)
(ii) Legshed Langdor Shenjed Proverbs
(iii)Biography of Ashi Nangse

GARO(40)

(i) Kadimgimin Seanirang Bak II: C compiled by Lindrid D. Shira

1. A Chikrangni Nokma Songa by Llwellyn R. Marak
2. Nokpante by Brucellina G momin
3. Balpakram by Llwellyn R. Marak
4. David Livingstone by Tojing S Sangma
5. Sepoy Mutiny ong gniko Jumang Niksoa by Vinthon M. Momin
6. Rev. Thangkan K. Sangma by Lindrid D. Shira
7. Changsao Dakgrikram A.bao Krismas Salo by Mackenson Rongmuthu
8. Garo Hills Damgipin A.gisi by Rev. Gilbert K Marak
9. Ahaia Ba Medong Ra.ona by Aldrich Ch. Marak
10. Chengoni A chik Kattarang by Dewansing Rongmuthu
11.Jakgitel Bil Aro Miksongani by Keneth M. Momin
12. Turani Chatro chatrirangni Bajengdeba Ramako Re.ani Bewal by Wilson K Marak
13. A song De.a by Aldrich Ch. Momin
14. Kangalni Dal Gipa Mande ong.ani by Lindrid D. Shira
15. Indiani Jakgitelanina Krenggiparangni Pegipa by Icylian R. Marak

(ii)Poetry 

Chason Gital A.Chik Poetryrang  Compiled by Keneth M.Momin

1. Ma.ani Ka.saa by H. B. Sangma
2. Bidan Chimik by S. S. Marak
3. A. Songtagna Sintea by S. S. Sangma
4. Katta Pagitcham Niam Songittcham by D. S. Rongmuthu
5. O Sia by J. Rongmuthu
6. Ka.saa by Keneth Momin
7. Ritimkari by B. S. Sangma
8. Cha.asia by B. S. Bangshall
9. Saljong Tasin Me chik by M.R. Sangma
10. A.gilsak Dal.begipa Alda Nok by M. Rongmuthu

(iii) Veniceni Badinggipa by (Late) Mackenson
Rongumuthu.

Gujarathi(04)

Sahitya Gurjar: A collection of ICSE Short Stories and Poems.

(i) Short Stories: (All short stories to be studied)
1.Khari Maa by Ramanlal Desai
2.Parivartan by Gaurishankar Joshi (Dhumketu)
3.Sad Vartyo by Zaverchand Meghani
4.Jamunanu Poor by Ramnarayan Pathak
5.Ladu nu Jaman by Pannalal Patel
6. Annjalpani by Pitambar Patel
7.Maji no pyalo by Gulabdas Broker
8.Sanskarni Shrimantai by Kundanika Kapadia
9.Dadano Dallo by Ila Arab Mehta
10.Himmat maro dost by Mohammad Mankad

(ii) Poems: (All poems to be studied)
1.Vaishnavjan by Narsinh Mehta
2. Lochan Man no Jagado by KaviDayaram
3. Pranam Mara by Ramnarayan Pathak
4.Ae Nishal Ae Savar by Sundarji Betai
5. Chha Rutuo by Umashankar Joshi
6.Banavati Phoolone by Prahlad Parekh
7. Boliye na Kain by Rajendra Shah
8. Gram Mata by Sursingji Gohil “ Kalapi”
9. Panchika by Mukesh Joshi
10. Subhashito
(iii) Novel: Vaansano Ankur by Smt Varsha Adalja
(iv) Ekanki Gurjar A collection of ICSE One Act
Plays: (Gurjar Granthratna Karyalaya,
Ahmedabad).
1.Vruksh by Labhshankar Thakar
2.Karna Kunti by Manubhai Pancholi
3.Raja Ladu Sinh by Dr Shiv Shankar Joshi
4.Hukum Malik by Chinu Modi
5.Lagnana Umedwar by Jyotindra Dave
6.Deshbhakt Jagdusha by Raman Lal Soni

Hindi(05)

Recommended for background work: Saras Hindi Vyakaran (Evergreen Publications, New Delhi)

Sahitya Sagar: A collection of ICSE Short
Stories &Poems. (Evergreen Publications, New
Delhi)
(i) Short Stories:
1. Baat Athanni Ki by Sundarshan
2. Kaki by Siyaram Sharan Gupta
3. Maha Yagya Ka Puruskar by Yashpal
4. Netaji Ka Chasma by Swayam Prakash
5. Apna Apna Bhagya by Jainendra Kumar
6. Bade Ghar Ki Beti by Premchand
7. Sandeh by Jaishankar Prashad
8. Jamun Ka Ped by Krishna Chander
9. Bhede Aur Bhediyen by Hari S hankar
Parsai
10. Do Kalakar by Mannu Bhandari
(ii) Poems:
1. Sakhi byKabir Das
2. Girdhar Ki Kundaliyan by Girdhar Kavi
Rai
3. Swarg Bana Sakte Hai by Ramdhari Singh
Dinkar
4. Wah Janmabhumi Meri by Sohanlal
Dwivedi
5. Megh Aaye by Sarveshwar Dayal Saxena
6. Sur Ke Pad by Surdas
7. Vinay Ke Pad by Tulsidas
8. Bhichhuk by Surya Kant Tripathi ‘Nirala’
9. Chalna Hamara Kam Hai by Shivmangal
Singh ‘Suman’
10. Matri Mandir Ki Or by Subhadra Kumari
Chauhan
(iii) Novel: Naya Raasta by Sushma Agarwal

(iv) Ekanki Sanchay – A collection of ICSE One Act Plays: (Evergreen Publications, New Delhi)
1. Sanskar Aur Bhavna by Vishu Prabhakar
2. Bahu Ki Vida by Vinod Rastogi
3. Matri Bhoomi Ka Man by Hari Krishna
“Premi”
4. Sukhi Dali by Upendra Nath “Ashka”
5. Mahabharat Ki Ek Sanjh by Bharat
Bhushan Agrawal
6. Deepdan by Ram Kumar Verma

Kannada(06)

Sahitya Sangama: A collection of ICSE Short Stories & Poems. (Navakarnataka Publications,
Bengaluru)
(i) Short Stories:
1. Shivabhutiya Kathe by Panchatantra
2. Deepavali Mahime by Janapada
3. Thalmege Olida Adrushta by N. Damodhara
4. Tuchip, Tudand, Tubad -Ready by Chaduranga
5. Garuadagambada Dasaiah by Govuru
6. Stainless Steel Patregalu by Vasudhendra
7. Kalavida by TA. RA. Subha Rao
8. Tollu Gatti by Kailasam
9. Kathegaara Manjanna by Kuvempu
10. Sevaashramada Linganna by Belagere Krishna Shastri
(ii) Poems:
1. Vachanagalu by Basavanna & Akkamahadevi
2. Baksurana Vadhe by Kumaravyasa
3. Tirukana Kanasu by Muppina Shadakshri
4. Garathiya Hadugala by Janapada
5. Negila Yogi by Kuvempu
6. Aru Hitavaru Ninage by Purandara Dasaru
7. Vashitha Vishwamitra Vivada by Ragayanka
8. Keladi Arasara Kathe by Lavani
9. Mankuhimmana Kagga by D.V. Gundappa
10. Mithile by S.R. Yekkundi
(iii) Novel: Natya Mayuri by Shri Sa. Shi. Marulayya
(iv) Drama: Hoovi by H.S. Venkatesh Murthy.

Khasi (07)

(i) U Khain Bad Ka Bgen: by B.Chedrack
Jyrwa
(ii) Ka Ki Sngi U Syiem: by Dewi Singh
Khongdup.
1. U Phareng ha Lawkyntang
2. U Ksew, Ka Miaw bad u Tuta
3. U Sier Laplang bad u Shken
4. Ka Syiem Skei bad ki Hynniew Mahadei
5. Ki Nongap masi u Syiem ha Sor
Shillong
6. U khun ka Nangdie phlang
(iii)Na Mihngi Sepngi: by Rev. H. Elias
1. Ka Thma Hidarpes
2. U Mahajon Ka Benis
3. Ka Khein-Kur Khein-kha
4. I Mei
5. Ka Shong jong ka Jingphohsniew
6. La Ka Lynti
(iv) Sawdong Ka Lynwiar Dpei: by P.G. Gatphoh
1. Ki Paro Ksiar
2. U Aadak bad la ki Lok
3. Ka Lukhimai

Lepcha(20)

Recommended for background work: A Lepcha Grammar and Composition for Classes IX and X.
(i) Chhukpryom Pundor: Treasure of Prose, a Lepcha text book for Classes IX and X.
(ii) Chhukdong Pundor: Treasure of Poems, a Lepcha text book for Classes IX and X.
(iii) Sung Norzot: Treasure of Stories, a Lepcha Rapid Reader for Classes IX and X.

Malayalam(08)

Sahitya Surabhi: A collection of ICSE Short Stories & Poems) (D.C. Books, Kottayam)

(i) Short Stories:
1. Manikkan by Lalithambika Antherjanam
2. Uthuppante Kinar by Karoor Neelakanta Pillai
3. Neipayasam by Madhavikutty
4. Kattilekku Pokaruthe Kunje by Shehabudeen Poithumkadavu
5. Prakasham Parathunna Penkutty by T. Padmanabhan
6. Janmadinam by Vaikom Mu hammad Basheer
7. Thahalseedarude Acha by Thakazhy Sivasankara Pillai
8. Kaliya Mardanam by Kakkanadan
9. Model by Ponkunnam Varkey
10. Petta Vayar by C V Balakrishnan
(ii) Poems:
1. Lekshmanopadesham by Ezhuthachan
2. Puthen Kalavum Arivaalum by Edassery Govindan Nair
3. Karna Shoshana (1- 110 lines) by Ulloor
S Parameswarayyar
4. Karma Bhoomiyude Pinchukaal by Vallathol
5. Bhoomikkoru Charama Geetam by O N V
Kuruppu
6. Manikya Veena by Vennikkulam
7. Vinda Kaaladikal by P Bhaskaran
8. Tachente Makal by Vijaya Lekshmi
9. Priyathame Prabhatame by K Ayyappa Panicker
10. Manaswani by Chagampuzha
(iii) Novel: Mayyazhippuzhayude Theerangalil by M Mukundan
(iv) Drama: Saketham by C N Sreekantan Nair

Marathi(09)

(i) Kathakunj (Katha by Sankalan)
(ii) Kavyangan (Kavya by Sankalan)
(iii)Karunastak (Kadambari)
(iv) Rangsparsh (Ekankika by Sankalan)

Manipuri(18)

(i) Lamjing Lairik ( Meetei May ek Primer Classes IX & X).
(ii) Manipuri Sahitya Nachom ( Meetei Mayek or Roman Script Classes IX & X)
(iii) Manipuri Tengbang Sahitya (Meetei Mayek or Roman Script Classes IX & X)
(iv) Anouba Manipuri Grammar (Meetei Mayek or Roman Script Classes IX & X)

Mizo(17)

Recommended for background work.
Mizo Grammar & Composition Part II by F. Lianhmingthanga and Lalthianghlima
(Hauhlira Press, Saron Veng, Aizawl).
(i) For Class IX –
1. Mizo 9 by MBSE (revised)
2. Irrawady Luikamah by James Dokhuma (Rapid Reader)
(ii) For Class X –
1. Mizo – 9 by MBSE (revised)
2. Khawnglung Run by R. Lalrewna (Rapid Reader)

Nepali(10)

(i) Short Stories
1. Aunthi by Achha Rai Rashik
2. Chaprasi by Indrabhahadur Rai
3. Taar Chudieko Saarangi by Jasyonzon
Pyasi
4. Mrituko Mukhenji by Parsuram Roka
5. Sangat by Badrinarayan Pradhan
6. Jeodolash by Matilda Rai
7. Maachako Mol by Sivkumar Rai
8. Jyotibinako Ujyalo by Sanu Lama
9. Gariman by Indra Sundas
10.Jiwan Yatra by M.M. Gurung

(ii) Poems 
1. Mritukamana Kehi Mera by Agamsing Giri
2. Man by Girmi Sherpa
3. Bolee by Tekdhoj Jimba
4. Natra Barbad Bhayo by Dharnidhar Koirala
5. Laxya by Parashmani Pradhan
6. Karma by Balkrishna Sam
7. Ram-Bharat Sambat by Bhanubhaktta
Acharya
8 Kaal Mahimaa by Lekhnath Paudyal
9. Madan Bhotbat Pharkadaby Laxmiprasad
Deokota
10. Utsarga by Lakhi Devi Sundas
iii) Novel: Bhrammer by Rupnarayan Sinha
iv) Ekanki Kunj: A collection of ICSE One Act
Plays. (Gamma Publication, Darjeeling)
1. Biyog by Manbahadur Mukhia
2. Tika by Mohan by Pukar
3. Ma Bhat Khanna by Ramlal Adhikari
4. Maag by Leela
5. Saahinu by Sanu Bhai Sharma
6. Shringkhala Bandane Chhanharu by Laxman Shreemal

Odia(11)

Gyanjali : A collection of Short Stories & Poems. (Friends Publishers, Cuttack)
(i) Short Stories 
1. Dhulia Baba by Fakir Mohan Senapati
2. Bhadraloka by Prativa Ray
3. Shikar by Bhagawati Charana
Panigrahi
4. Krupana by Mr. Manoj Das
5. Mukhagni by Lakshmi Chand
6. Nayanapura Express by Surendra Mohanty
7. Dimiri Phula by Akhila Mohan Pattnayak
8. Samantara Saralarekha by Bibhuti
Pattanayak
9. Neela Mastarani by Godabarish Mohapatra
10. Anguthi by Sachidananda Routray
(ii) Poems 
1. Gandharira Ashirbada by Kalandi Charana Panigrahi
2. Kali Jai by Pandit Godabarish Mishra
3. Mahima by Swabhaba Kabi Gangadhara Meher
4. Banaphula Udyana Kusum by Utkala Bharati Kuntala Kumari Sabat
5. Garibara Durgastaba by Pandit Godabarish Mohapatra
6. Jagate Kebala by Kabisurya Baladeva Ratha
7. Grama Patha by Binod Chandra Nayak
8. Mani Kanchana Yoga by Radhamohan Gadanayak
9. Bandira Biraha Byatha by Pandit Gopabandhu Das
10. Khadyotika by Bidyut Prava Devi
(iii) Novel: ‘Aadoora Sakala by Prashant Mohanty
(iv) Ekakinka Chayan: A collection of ICSE One Act Plays(Friends Publishers, Cuttack)
1. Petu by Pranabandhu Kar
2. Rani Shuka Dei by Manoranjan Das
3. Bagha Sikara by Ranjit Pattnaik
4. Konarka by Bhanja Kishore Pattnayak
5. Ahuti by Kartik Chandra Rath
6. Aee Pataka Tale by Kulamani Mohapatra

Punjabi(12)

Recommended grammar book in Punjabi

Shiromani Punjabi Vyakaran Ate Rachanawali
Kav by Katha Samvedna: A collection of Short Stories & Poems (Evergreen Publications, New Delhi)
(i) Short Stories
1. Pahuta Pandhi by Gurbax Singh
2. Bhatta by Sant Singh Sekhon
3. Zeenat Appa by Kartar Singh Duggal
4. Dharti Hethla Balad by Kulwant Singh Virk
5. Sanjhi Kandh by Santokh Singh Dheer
6. Saggi Phul by Gurdial Singh
7. Rub Te Ruttan by Dr. Dalip Kaur Tiwana
8. Baki Sab Sukh Saand Hai by Mohan Bhandari
9. Chandova by Kartar Singh Suri
10. Saheed by K.L. Garg
(ii) Poems 
1. Sama by Bhai Veer Singh
2. Maa Da Dil by Firoz Din Sharaf
3. Mele Vich Jatt by Dhani Ram Chatrak
4. Chhatto Di Beri by Prof. Mohan Singh
5. Aaj Akhan Waris Shah Nu by Amrita Pritam
6. Jionde Bhagwan by Nand Lal Noorpuri
7. Rukh by Shiv Kumar Batalvi
8. Mera Bachpan by Harbhajan Singh
9. Nike Vade Dar by Jagtar
10. Hanera Jarega Kiven by Surjit Patar
(iii) Novel: Pataal De Githmuthiye by Jasbir Bhullar
(iv) Manch Mehak by A collection of ICSE One
Act Plays (Evergreen Publications, New Delhi)
1. Suhag by I.C. Nanda
2. Dr. Palta by Balwant Gargi
3. Dushman by Gurcharan Singh Jasuja
4. Parat Auan Tak by Satish Verma
5. Phullan Nu Kitaban Vich Na Rakho by Pali Bhupinder

Sanskrit(19)

(i) Sanskrit Vani Book 4 ( for C lass IX) by H.D. V ijayshri and Mrs. S. Bolar
(ii) Sanskrit Vani Book 5 ( for C lass X) by H.D. Vijayshri and Mrs. S. Bolar

Tamil(13)

(i) Rajaraja Cholan (Drama) by R. Ramanathan
(ii) Veerapandiya Kattabhomman (Novel) by K. Jeeva B harathi
(iii)Charitra Sambavangal (Historical Essays) by “ Vaandumama” V . K rishnamoorthy

Tangkhul(47)

(i)Tangkhul Tuitam K achiko, Class IX published by Luitham Press, Ukhrul (2006).
(ii) Tangkhul Tuitam K athara, Class X published by Luitham Press, Ukhrul (2006).
(iii)Kathaka Tangkhul Tuitam (Classes IX and X published by L uitham P ress, Ukhrul(2006).

Telugu(14)

Padya, Gadya Kadambamu – A collection of ICSE Short Stories and Poems
(i) Poems 
1. Vidura Neethi by Tikkana Somayaji
2. Sneha Dharmam by Bammera Pothana
3. Atidhi Sevanamu by Sri Krishna Devarayalu
4. Paarijatha Prasoonamu by Nandi Thimmana
5. Hithopadesamu by Atukuri Molla
6. Sathaka Manjari – Narasima Sathakam by Seshappa Kavi (26, 38, 39, 54 poems)
& Sri Kalahasthiswara Sathakam by
Dhurjati (12,13,27,28 poems)
7. Krushivaludu by Duvvuri Ramireddy
8. Manavathvam by Nandur
Ramakrishnamacharyulu
9. Mathru Mandiram by Devulapalli
Krishna Shastri
10. Nenantanu by Dasarathi Krishnamacharyulu
(ii) Short Stories 
1. Indra Dyumuni Samudra Prayaanam by Madhira Subbanna Deekshitulu
2. Seethaanveshana by Padala Ramarao
3. Taapi Mesthri by Shri Paada Subramanya Sastri
4. Appudu Putti Vunte by Devulapalli Krishna Sastry
5. Oka Cheema Katha by Dr. Raavuri Bharadwaja
6. Swatantrodyama Nepadhyamulo Prabhodha Geetalu by Raavi Bharathi
7. Ugaduloo, Ushassuloo by Madhuranthakam Rajara
8. Bhasha Saili- Rachana Bedhalu by Chekuri Ramarao
9. .Riktha Hasthamulu by Vidya Prakasananda Giri Swamy
10. Samskruti by Acharya Khandavalli Lakshmi Ranjanam
(iii) Novel: Ganapathi – Chilakamarthi by Lakshmi Narasimham
(iv) Drama: Vishnu Sharma English Chaduvu by C.S. Rao

Tenyidie(41)

(i) Neteya
(ii) Noudo Dze by Dino and Viswedel
(iii)Uca –53 by Shurhozelie

Urdu(16)

Lazawal M uraqqe – A collection of ICSE Short Stories and Poems / Gazals
(i) Short Stories 
1. Ibadat by Munshi Prem Chand
2. Bhola by Rajendar Singh Bedi
3. Bachpan by Ismath Choghtai
4. Pital Ka Ghanta by Qazi Abdus Sattar
5. Manzoor by Saadat Hasan Manto
6. Allah De Band Le by Razia Sajjad Zaheer
7. Aakhri Qadam by Dr. Zakir Hussain
8. Khadar Ka Kafan by Khaja Amed Abbas
9. Addu by Jeelani Bano
10. Ek Aur Shrawan Kumar by Salam Bin Razzaq
(ii) Poetry – Poems and Ghazals
1. Piya Baaj Piala Piya Jaye na (Ghazal) by Mohd Quli Qutub Shah
2. Faqeerana Ayee Sada Kar Chaley(Ghazal) by Mir Taqi Mir
3. Dard Minnat Kashey Dawa Na Huwa(Ghazal) by Mirza Ghalib
4. Phir Chedi Raat Baat Phooloon Ki (Ghazal) by Makhdoom Mohiuddin
5. Justujoo Jis Ki Thi…(Ghazal) by Sher e Yaar
6. Who To Khushboo Hai…(Ghazal) by Parveen Shakir
7. Kaljugh (Poem) by Nazeer Akbar Aabadi
8. Chand Aur Tare (Poem) by Sir Mohd Iqbal
9. Aawo Ke Koyi Khawaab Bunien(Poem) by Sahil Ludhiyanavi
10. Aurat (Poem) by Kaife Azmi
(iii) Novel: Nusuh Ka Khawaab by Nazeer Ahamed
(iv) Drama: Darwaze Khol Do by Krishan Chander

Modern Foreign Languages

French(27)

Teaching and study resource books:
(i) Ado published by CLE International
(ii) Bravo Published by Hatier Didier
(iii)Entre Jeunes published by CBSE

German(28)

Teaching and study resource books:
(i) For Class IX Planet 1 (Textbook and Workbook)
(ii) For Class X Planet 2 (Textbook and Workbook) Published by Langers in India under license from Hueber Verlag

Spanish(36)

Teaching and study resource books:
(i) Espanol Sin Fronteras Bk 2
(ii) Workbook Nuevo Ven Bk 2
(iii) Pasaporte Bk 2

FAQs on ICSE Books

Question 1. 

Which Books are used in ICSE Board?

Answer:

There are several books that one can follow in ICSE Board. Some of the popular ones are

• Concise series by Selina Publications
• Candid ICSE books
• S.Chand Publications
• Understanding ICSE Mathematics series by M.L. Aggarwal
• Together With series by Rachna Sagar publications
• APC Mathematics
• RD Sharma

You can even refer to the ICSE Books listed in this article to know the subjectwise study material.

Question 2.

What are ICSE Reference Books?

Answer:

ICSE Reference Books are the Textbooks as per the CISCE Curriculum that gives you insight on syllabus topics.

Question 3.

Where can I buy ICSE Books Online?

Answer:

There are few publishers who publish ICSE Books based on the Prescribed Syllabus and you can buy them from various websites that sell books.

Final Words

We believe the knowledge shared above regarding ICSE Books Subjectwise has shed some light on you. If you are having any other queries related to the recommended books for ICSE then you can drop us a comment and let us know. We will strive to help you at the earliest possible.

Check the below ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter Chapter 15 Transport with Questions and Answers Pdf free download. Students can also read Transport in India Class 10 ICSE Solutions.

ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 15 Transport

Question 1.
What is the importance of Roadways in the economic development of India?
Answer:
Roads are the vital lifelines of the economy making possible trade and commerce. Roads are most preferred modes of transportation and considered as one of the cost effective modes of transportation. Roads are easily accessible to each individual. Roads facilitate movement of both men and materials anywhere within a country.

It helps in socio-economic development as well as brings national integration. It provides linkages to other modes of transportation like railways, airways, and shipping, etc. An efficient and well-established network of roads is desired for promoting trade and commerce in any country and also fulfills the needs of a sound transportation system for sustained economic development. Road transport is contributing 3.69% to GDP where as all transportation modes are contributing a total of 5.5% to GDP.

Question 2.
Compare and contrast Railways with Airways.
Answer:

• Airways are the fastest mode of transport than Railways.
• Air transport is most significant in hilly regions in border areas, which are not easily accessible by Railways.
• It saves lives at the time of calamities like epidemics, earthquakes and floods etc. When every minute saved counts a lot.

Question 3.
Name the different categories of road in India.
Answer:
Different categories of road in India are:

• Roads are two types, metalled and unmetalled.
• Metalled roads are made of cement and concrete. They can stand any type of weather.
• Unmetalled roads can be used only during dry season.

Question 4.
What is the objective of Golden Quadrilateral?
Answer:
The Golden quadrilateral is a project undertaken by the NHAI. Its objective is to connect Mumbai – Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata by a six lane super highway.

Question 5.
What is the importance of Border Roads?
Answer:
The importance of Border Roads are:

• It give a boost to the trade and economic development of the country.
• These roads have improved accessibility in the areas of difficult terrain.

Question 6.
Why is rail transport most comfortable and popular means of transport?
Answer:
The rail transport most comfortable and popular means of transport due to the following reasons:

• Railway is cheap mode of transportation.
• Railway can carry bulky raw material.
• They unite people from one comer of the land to other.
• It forms a major employment sector as lakhs of people are dependent on railways for their live hood.

Question 7.
Why are the means of transport called the ‘lifelines’ of nation’s economy?
Answer:
The means of transport called the ‘lifelines’ of nation’s economy because of following reasons:

• To provide link.
• Development of Economy.
• National and Cultural Integration.
  Explanation –
  • (i) To Provide Link:
    Transportation is the lifeline of a country. This connects one part of the country with another part, and helps in providing essential products to all the places and the people.
  • (ii) Development of Economy:
    The means of transport help the industries to get raw materials and its finished products are transported by the railways and roadways. Agriculture also depends greatly on transportation.
  • (lii) National and Cultural Integration:
    India is a very vast country. Transport network brings people of different casts, creed, colours, religions, languages and regions near to each other.

Question 8.
State any two merits of water transport.
Answer:
Merits of waterways:

• It is the cheapest means of transport.
• It is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky material.

Question 9.
Name the four international airports of India.
Answer:
International airports of India :

• Indira Gandhi International Airport – New Delhi.
• Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose – Kolkata
• Sahara International Airport – Mumbai
• Chennai International Airport – Chennai.

Question 10.
Name any two States served by Inland waterways.
Answer:
Assam and Kolkata.

Question 11.
Name the important means of Inland transport in Kerala. What is it used for?
Answer:
In Kerala, the backwater serve as means of navigation. These waterways are used by local boats for transporting goods like spices, coconuts, raw rubber, pepeer and cashewnuts and other products.

Question 12.
Name the important national waterways in India.
Answer:
The important National Waterways in India :

• The Ganga River between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 kms) NW No 1.
• The Sadiya – Dhubri Strech of Brahmaputra river (891 kms) NW No 2.
• The Kollam – Kottapuram stretch of West Coal canal along Champakara and Udyogmangal canals (205 kms) NW No. 3.

Question 13.
State the importance of major airports in India.
Answer:
Importance of Airports are :

• The ability for 100% automatic screening of persons, luggage and cargo.
• Automatic and imperceptible screening
• Staff reduction due to automation
• No delay in flow / transit of people and goods
• Less “false positives”
• Long maintenance intervals which optimize business uptime and minimize costs
• No seizure of extra space as units can be integrated into existing structure
• Ability to link with Control Center

Question 14.
State the problems faced by Indian shipping.
Answer:
Problems faced by Indian shipping:

• India ports are not well connected with their hinterland.
• Slow handling of the cargo at part and under port delays inflict heavy losses on shipping companies.

Question 15.
What does AAI stands for? Why was it formed?
Answer:
AAI stands for Airport Authority of India was formed on 1st April 1995 by merging the International Airports Authority of India and the National Airports Authority.

It was done with a view to accelerate the integrated development, expansion and modernization of the operational, terminal and cargo facilities at the airports in the country, conforming to international strands.

Question 16.
How can air transport promote tourism at the international level?
Answer:
The cost of air transport has a direct influence on the cost of tourism products and indeed on the consumer’s choice of destination. The steady reduction in the cost of air travel is making this a more competitive form of transport for tourists.

This reduction of costs and hereby airfares is partly derived from improved technology, aircraft have become larger, fester and are able to carry more passengers. It is partly linked to the fact that airlines upgraded their fleets and made secondhand aircraft available at low cost and in good condition to other airlines.

Question 17.
Why is inland navigation more popular in north India as compared to south?
Answer:
The inland navigation more popular in North India as compared to south because the rivers of the peninsular India are not navigable as they have very little water in the hot season.

Question 18.
State the factors that affect the distribution of railway network.
Answer:
The following factors are affected the distribution of railway network:

• Geological Factors
• Economic Factors.

Question 19.
Which port is known as Tidal port? Why was it developed?
Answer:
Kandla was developed to release the pressure on Mumbai port. It is a tidal port located on the eastern end of the Rann of Kutch.

Question 20.
What is the importance of Jawaharlal Nehru Port?
Answer:
It plays a crucial role in the economic development and international trade of India.

Question 21.
Where is Yamuna Expressway situated? Why is it important?
Answer:
Yamuna Expressway was initiated in 2003, it is a 165 km project between Agra and Greater Noida.
It was constructuted to ensure smooth travel with controlled access in the Indian road network.

Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 ICSE Geography Solutions

Check the below ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter Chapter 14 Manufacturing Industries in India 2: Mineral-based with Questions and Answers Pdf free download. Students can also read Industries in India II: Mineral Based Industries Class 10 ICSE Solutions.

ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 14 Manufacturing Industries in India 2: Mineral-based

Question 1.
What does the agricultural machinery consist of?
Answer:
Tractor, combine etc.

Question 2.
When and where was the machine tool industry started?
Answer:
The machine tool industry was started in 1953 at Bangalore.

Question 3.
Where does the Chittaranjan Locomotive industry get its coal and iron-ore?
Answer:
The Chittaranjan Locomotive industry get its coal from Jharia and Raniganj coalfields and iron-ore from the Chhota Nagpur Plateau.

Question 4.
Where is the diesel locomotive works located?
Answer:
The diesel locomotive works located in Varanasi.

Question 5.
Where is the Integrated Coach Factory located? What does it manufacture?
Answer:
The Integrated Coach Factory is located at Perambur near Chennai. It manufactures railway coaches.

Question 6.
What are the by-products of sugar industry.
Answer:
The by-products of sugar industry are:

• Molasses
• Bagasse
• Press mud

Question 7.
What are the by-products of sugar industry used for?
Answer:
The by-products of sugar industry are used for:

• Molasses-used for distilling alcohol.
• Bagasse – used for making cardboard.
• Press mud – used for making wax and shoe polishes.

Question 8.
What comprises the electronic goods?
Answer:
The electronic goods comprising wide range of electronic goods including television sets, transistor sets, telephone exchanges, cellular telecom, paging, computers and varied equipment for defence, railway and meterological department.

Question 9.
How has the software industry developed in the recent past?
Answer:
The development of software industry, in the recent past especially in Bengaluru due to following favourable factors –

• Progressive government policies.
• Readily available world class information technology infrastructure.
• Pleasant and comfortable climate to allow efficient working.
• Innovative global meets held by various companies.

Question 10.
Name the leading software centres of India?
Answer:

• Bengaluru is called the ‘ Silicon Valley of India” due to large number of information technology companies located here.
• Hyderabad is another major software industry centre in Telangana.

Question 11.
Name a few of India’s indigenously built satellites.
Answer:
The India’s indigenously built satellites are:

• Satellite Launching Station at Sriharikota(SHAR)
• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) at Bengaluru, Karnataka.
• MS Antrix Cooperation, Bengaluru, Kamatka the Department of space was establish in 1992 with access to resources of Indian Space Industry.

Question 12.
What does NRSA stands for? Where is this centre?
Answer:
NRSA stands for National Remote Sensing Agency at Hyderabad.

Question 13.
What are petrochemicals?
Answer:
The organic chemicals derived from petroleum products, LPG and coal are called petrochemicals.

Question 14.
Name its main raw materials used in the petrochemical industry?
Answer:
The main raw materials used in the Petrochemical industry are : Naphtha, Ethylene, and Benzene.

Question 15.
Name the main products of the petrochemical industry.
Answer:
The main products of the petrochemicals industry are-synthetic rubber, synthetic fibres, plastics, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, drugs and pharmaceutical products.

Question 16.
How important are petrochemicals?
Answer:
Petrochemicals are very important because these are used for manufacturing a large variety of articles such as synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, plastics, dyestuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals and insecticides. They are economically stable, cheaper when produced on large scale. Traditional raw materials can be replaced by petrochemical products.

Question 17.
Name a few important petrochemical industries.
Answer:
Two petrochemical industries are:

1. The Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited (IPCL), Jawahar Nagar, Vadodara and
2. Union Carbide India Limited, Trombay.

Question 18.
(a) Classify industries according to (a) the source of raw material
(b) the size and
(c) the management.
Answer:
(a) Inudstries on basis of source of Raw Material

• Agro Based Industries
  e.g. Sugar, Jute, Cotton, veg. oil, food processing
• Mineral based Industries
  e.g. Iron, steel, cement etc.
• Animal based Industries
  e.g. Dairy, Poultry, Hides and skin.
• Forestry.

(b) the size and

• targe Scale Industries
• Medium Scale Industries
• Small Scale Industries

(c) the Management

• Private Sector Industries
• Public Sector Industries
• Joint Sector Industries

Question 19.
List some mineral-based industries.
Answer:
Mineral – based Industries are:

• Iron and Steel Industries.
• Cement Industries.
• Aluminium Industries.
• Shipbuilding Industries

Question 20.
Name a few important factors that are responsible for the location of, or development of, industries in a particular area.
Answer:
The following factors are responsible for the localisation of manufacturing industries:

• Availability of raw materials.
• Adequate supply of power.
• Water supply.
• Adequate supply of labour and
• Transportation.

Question 21.
What is an integrated steel plant?
Answer:
An integrated steel plant is one where all the three processes from melting of iron in the blast furnace to steel making followed by shaping of the metal by rolling is carried out under one complex.

Question 22.
What are the raw materials needed for the iron and steel industry?
Answer:
The basic raw materials used in iron and steel industry are iron ore, manganese, limestone, silica, chromate, feldspar, scrap iron, flux and fuel.

Question 23.
What are mini-steel plants? What are their advantages?
Answer:
A mini steel plant is a small or medium sized steel plant, which uses electric furnaces and utilize scrap sponge iron as raw materials. At present there are 216 mini-steel plants. The advantages of mini-steel plant is the utilization of waste scrap iron and using electric furnaces to save coking coal and production of alloy steel is promoted.

Question 24.
Name the various steel plants that are located in India. Name their collaborators.
Answer:
The two Iron and Steel plants with foreign collaborators are:

• Bhilai Steel Plant-
  Foreign Collaborator is Soviet Union (now Russia)
• Rourkela Steel Plant-
  Foreign Collaborator is Germany.

Question 25.
From where does Durgapur Steel Plant get its iron ore and limestone?
Answer:
Durgapur Steel Plant get its iron ore from Keonjhar in Orissa and Singbhum in Jharkhand.
It gets Limestone from Birmitrapur in Sundargarh.

Question 26.
Why is iron and steel industry called a key or a basic industry?
Answer:
The largest mineral-based industry in India is Iron and Steel Industry.
It is called a key industry or a basic industry, because of providing iron and steel products for house-building, Utensils, machineries for each and every industry from pin to heavy machineries. So, it is the root of every industry, as every industry needs machinery and tools which are made of iron and steel.

Question 27.
Why are forests grown in and around steel cities?
Answer:
The forested area controls the pollution or environmental pollution brought through steel industries.

Question 28.
Name two iron and steel industries, which have been set up by two different foreign collaborators. Also, name the regions from where coal and iron ore are obtained by the two steel plants named by you.
Answer:
The deficient iron and steel industries that have been set up by two different foreign collaborators are: Bhilai Steel Plant, Durgapur Steel Plant, Rourkela Steel Plant, and Bokaro Steel Plant.

Bhilai Steel Plant: Russia
Rourkela Steel Plant: West Germany (now Germany) Durgapur
Steel Plant: British
Bokaro Plant: Russia
Bhilai Steel Plant gets its coal from Korba, and iron ore from Dalli Rajhara Range, Rourkela Steel Plant gets its coal from Jharia, Talchar, Korba, and iron ore from Bonaigarh, Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, Durgapur Steel Plant gets its coal from Jharia, Raniganj, and iron ore from Singhbhum, Keoojhar, Bokaro Steel Plant gets its coal from Jharia, and iron ore from Kiribum, Bonai range, Bursua, Noamundi.

Question 29.
With reference to the Iron and Steel plant located at Jamshedpur, answer the following questions:
(a) From where does the plant get its iron ore?
(b) Which river provides water to the township?
(c) Name the States that provide its labour force.
(d) Which seaport serves the region?
Answer:
(a) Iron and Steel plant of Jamshedpur gets its iron ore from the districts of Singhbhum, Mayurbhanj, and Bonai in Orissa.
(b) It gets its water from the river Subamarekha.
(c) Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh States supply labour.
(d) Kolkata port serves the entire region.

Question 30.
Where is the latest integrated Iron and Steel Plant of India located?
Answer:
Vishakhapatnam steel plant is the latest integrated iron and steel plant which was completed in 1992.

Question 31.
What two advantages do the Vishakhapatnam steel plant have over the other steel plants in the public sector?
Answer:
Two advantages of Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant, over the other Steel Plants are:

• It is a major export oriented steel plant and takes Ml advantage of its coastal location.
• It is the second largest producer of iron and steel in the country.

Question 32.
Which is the largest mineral-based industry in India? Why is it called a key or basic industry?
Answer:
The largest mineral-based industry in India is Iron and Steel Industry.
It is called a key industry or basic industry, because of providing iron and steel products for house-building, utensils, machineries for each and every industry from pin to heavy machineries. So, it is the root of every industry, as every industry needs machinery and tools which are made of iron and steel.

Question 33.
Why is this industry concentrated in the Chhotanagpur region? Which is the oldest and privately owned plant?
Answer:
This industry is concentrated in the Chhotanagpur region because of the following factors:

• Availability of coal from Damodar Valley.
• Availability of iron ore from Singhbhum and other mines.
• Cheap hydro and thermal power from large multipurpose projects on river Damodar and river Mahanadi.
• Cheap labour supply from highly populated areas of Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal.
• Proximity to the Kolkata region market.
• Facility of import and export of the raw material and finished goods provided by Kolkata port.
• Excellent communication facilities by rail and roads to Kolkata region.
  Tata iron and steel company is the oldest and privately owned plant.

Question 34.
Name four large-scale industries dependent on this industry.
Answer:
Four large-scale industries dependent on iron and steel industry:

• Automobile industry,
• Ship Building industry,
• Machine tool industry, and
• Railway Locomotive industry.

Question 35.
Give reason-
(a) The iron and steel industry forms the backbone of India economy.
Answer:
Iron and steel industry is the key element in the heavy industrial structure of a nation.
It is often called the basic industry and forms the backbone of the industrial economy because of most of the important industries such as automobile, locomotives, rail tracks, ship building, machine and tools and manufacture of defence equipment depend on iron and steel industry.

(b) The software has emerged as a major industry in India.
Answer:
Bengaluru has become the most important software and hardware centre of India and rightly won the reputation of being the information technology capital of India
Following are die reasons mentioned below:
(i) Cost –
The biggest factor that contributes to the ever-rising software outsourcing from India is cost-cutting. Global companies save considerable amounts by outsourcing to India. Salaries of software professionals in India are one-tenth of what is being paid in UK and US. Though salaries do fluctuate depending upon the living cost of index of different cities and set of skills, still it is far lesser as compared to the developed nations.

(ii) Well-versed in English language –
Since English is our international language but still there are nations which are not familiar with the usage of it. Therefore, it becomes difficult to trade with such countries. India happens to be the ideal place as half of the population is well-versed with English which makes it easier for the other nations to interact and outsource their business operations to the country. Moreover, nation has abundance of educated and skilled workforce.

(iii) Technologically sound –
Another reason that has brought big chunk of software outsourcing business to India is that the professionals of the country are technologically sound and big time tech-sawy. The experts here have in-depth knowledge of their fields and extend logical reasoning while developing creative softwares.

(c) Traditional raw material have been replaced by petrochemical products.
Answer:
Petrochemical products are cost-effective, economically stable, cheaper as produced on a mass scale. Their raw materials are easily available, not dependent on agricultural raw material. For this reason, traditional raw materials such as wood, glass and metals are being replaced by petrochemical products.

Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 ICSE Geography Solutions

ML Aggarwal ICSE Solutions for Class 6 to 10

The ML Aggarwal Solutions for ICSE Maths has been written as per the latest guidelines and in conformance to the syllabus issued by the Council for ICSE examinations. The new syllabus will be able to best meet the expectations and learning objectives of the students.

ML Aggarwal ICSE Solutions

• ML Aggarwal Class 10 Solutions for ICSE Maths
• ML Aggarwal Class 9 Solutions for ICSE Maths
• ML Aggarwal Class 8 Solutions for ICSE Maths
• ML Aggarwal Class 7 Solutions for ICSE Maths
• ML Aggarwal Class 6 Solutions for ICSE Maths

The subject matter contained in this Understanding ICSE Mathematics ML Aggarwal Solved Solutions has been explained in a simple language and includes many examples from real life situations. Emphasis has been laid on basic facts, concepts, terms, principles and on their applications. Carefully selected examples consist of detailed step-by-step solutions so that the students get prepared to tackle all the problems given in exercises.

Salient features of the ML Aggarwal Solutions:

• Keeping in mind the age group of the students, the matter has been divided into sections and sub-sections so that the students can learn at their own pace.
• All new concepts have been developed by class-activity method. The practical hand-on experience of these activities will enable the students to visualise and develop a deeper understanding of the concepts.
• Results, wherever possible, have been verified by lab activity method.
• Questions in the form of Fill in the Blanks, True/False statements and Multiple Choice Questions, given under the heading ‘Mental Maths’, have been added for the objective assessment of the concepts.
• In addition to standard questions, some Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions have been included to enhance the analytical thinking of the students.
• Each chapter is followed by a Summary which recapitulates the new terms, concepts and results.
• The last section ‘Check Your Progress’, acts as a Unit Test.
• Model Question Papers, given at various places, will serve as means for revision and preparation for the exams.

FAQs on ML Aggarwal Solutions

1.  Where to download ML Aggarwal Solutions?

You can download them from our page through the quick links available or even find them online.

2. Where will I find ML Aggarwal Classwise Solutions?

Candidates are advised to ML Aggarwal Questions on their own. If you are stuck at some point you can find them on our website and clarify your doubts.

3. Is ML Aggarwal the right book for ICSE?

The most fundamental book when it comes to preparing for ICSE is NCERT Textbooks. Once, you are done with the preparation you can refer to the ML Aggarwal Books, and Practicing the questions in them is essential for an ICSE Student.

4. Does solving ML Aggarwal Solutions benefit you during your exam preparation?

Yes, it can be of huge benefit as you will have in-depth knowledge about the related topic. ML Aggarwal ICSE Solutions designed for ICSE Students will enhance your problem solving skills.

5. Is solving examples from ML Aggarwal enough for the ISC?

Solving the examples in ML Aggarwal will give you a clear understanding of Fundamentals and you will know how to approach to a question.

It has been sincere endeavour to present the concepts, examples and questions in a coherent and interesting manner so that the students develop an interest in ‘learning’ and ‘enjoying’ mathematics. We thank publishers M/s Arya Publications (APC Maths Solutions ICSE) and Laser Tech Prints for their friendly cooperation and untiring efforts in bringing out this ML Aggarwal Maths for ICSE Solutions in an excellent form. We highly appreciate if you suggest any improvement you would like to see in the ML Aggarwal ICSE Solutions in its next edition.

ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 12 Agriculture in India 3: Cash Crops

Question 1.
What are the climatic conditions that favour the cultivation of cotton?
Answer:
The climatic conditions that favour the cultivation of cotton are given below:
Temperature:

• Cotton plants require mild, cool, preferably dry climate with 21° C to 27° C temperature.
• They also need plenty of sunshine.
• In the first stage at the time of fruition, warm days and cool nights are good for the development of the boll and fibre.

Rainfall:

• Cotton plants need a moderate rainfall of 50 cm to 80 cm, well distributed throughout the year.
• Stagnant water and excessive rain both are harmful to the plant.

Question 2.
Where in India does long staple cotton grow ? What are its advantages?
Answer:
In India, long staple cotton grows in Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. The main advantages of long staple cotton is that it is used to make fine quality cotton cloth.

Question 3.
Is dry weather necessary at the time of harvest of cotton? Why?
Answer:
Dry weather is necessary at the time of harvest of cotton because dry and hot weather help in the ripening and the bursting of the cotton balls.

Question 4.
Why is jute called the ‘brown paper’ of the wholesale trade?
Answer:
Jute is called the ‘brown paper’ bag of wholesale trade because jute fabric is widely used for wrapping many agricultural and industrial products such as rice, wheat, cotton balls, cement, fertilizer etc.

Question 5.
What are the geographical requiremenets for growing jute? Name the leading producer of jute.
Answer:
Three main climatic conditions which favour the growth of the ‘fibre crop are as follows:

• Soil :
  Jute is mostly grown in sandy and clayey loams. It also grows well on alluvial soil in the plains and deltas of rivers. The soil of these areas is renewed every year due to flood.
• Temperature:
  The jute well at higher temperature of about 34°C with high relative humidity of 80% to 90%. However, it can also grow in areas with a minimum temperature of 27° C.
• Rainfall:
  The crop requires heavy rainfall ranging between 170 cm to 200 cm during the period of growth. It cannot survive continuous drought.

Question 6.
Name the two most fibres crops of India.
Answer:
Cotton and Jute.

Question 7.
Name the different varieties of tea in India.
Answer:
Following are the different varieties of tea grown in India:

• The Green tea,
• The Black tea, and
• The Oolong tea.

Question 8.
Why is tea generally grown on the hill slopes?
Answer:
Tea is grown on hill slopes because it helps to drain the water, tea cannot tolerate stagnant water.

Question 9.
Why are the tea plants pruned?
Answer:
Pruning of the tea plant is very essential because of two reasons:

• The removal of the central stem encourages the quick development of lateral branches and periodical pruning does not allow the plant to grow more than about 40 cm.
• Pruning also help in growing new shoots bearing soft leaves in plenty.

Question 10.
Name the leading producer of tea in India. What factors have helped it to become the leading state?
Answer:
Assam is the leading producer of tea in India. The most favourable conditions with over250 cm rainfall and temperature above 20° C helped it to become the leading state.

Question 11.
Why is the plucking of tea leaves entrusted generally to women?
Answer:
Because it involve fine – plucking (two leaves and a bud) and women labourer can patiently pluck the same.

Question 12.
Name the different stages of tea processing befdre it is sent out to the market.
Answer:
There are five main stages of processing before it is packed for despatch:

• Withering :
  The gathered leaves are first withered or dried in the sun for a day or two to extract moisture.
• Rolling:
  They are then rolled mechanically between steel rollers to break up the fibres. The leaves are dried again or baked lightly over charcoal fires, until they become reddish brown in colour.
• Fermentation:
  The leaves are allowed to ferment and this reduces the amount of tannic acid in the tea by half, but does not impair its flavour.
• Drying:
  Further fermentation is checked by roasting and drying the leaves over a fire until they are black in colour.
• Blending:
  Expert blenders and tea-tasters further blend the various grades of tea to give it special aroma and make many proprietary brands.

Question 13.
Name the two main centres where tea is auctioned.
Answer:
North-East India and South India are the two main centres where tea is auctioned.

Question 14.
Why is blending necessary’ for tea?
Answer:
Blending is necessary for tea as it gives special taste and flavour.

Question 15.
Give two reasons stating the economic importance of the tea industry.
Answer:
The economic importance of the tea industry’ in India are as follows:

• Being a largest producer of tea, India earns a major part of foreign exchange by the export of tea.
• Tea plantation and industry employ millions of men and women.
• The tea industry supports fertilizer, plywood and transport industries.

Question 16.
Name two important regions where tea is grown in South India.
Answer:
In South India, tea is grown in Nilgiri and Palni.

Question 17.
Name the two main varieties of coffee grown in India.
Answer:
Two main varieties of coffee grown in India are:

• Coffea arabica
• Coffea robust

Question 18.
Why are young coffee plants protected from heat?
Answer:
The young coffee plants are protected from heat because the direct rays of the sun are injurious to the coffee plant.

Question 19.
State three factors which favour the cultivation of coffee in South India. Name the leading producer of coffee in India.
Answer:
Three factors which favour the cultivation of coffee in South India are as follows:

• Well-drained volcanic soil with sufficient humus.
• Sufficient rainfall distributed throughout the year.
• Hot and humid climate with moderate temperature.
  Karnataka is the leading producer of coffee in India.

Question 20.
State one climatic and one commercial problem that coffee cultivation in India faces.
Answer:
Problems of coffee cultivation in India :

• Dry weather, high temperature, long droughts and unseasonal rainfall are harmful for coffee plants.
• The present yield of coffee per hectare is very low.

Question 21.
Name the different methods by which sugarcane can be propagated.
Answer:

• Sett Method
• Ratooning

Question 22.
State the leading producer of sugarcane in India.
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer of sugarcane in India.

Question 23.
What are the advantages of ‘Ratooning’?
Answer:
Advantages of Ratoon Cropping:

• Expenditure of preparing the fields and planting is saved. Therefore, cost of cultivation becomes much lower.
• Ratoon mature earlier.

Question 24.
Give two problems the farmers of north India face during sugarcane cultivation.
Answer:
The farmers who grow sugarcane in North India have to face the following problems:

• Being a soil-exhausting crop, a large quantity of manure is required in sugarcane farm.
• Cultivation of sugarcane on small lands proves to be uneconomical for the farmers.
• The sugar content of the cane decreases substantially, if it is not reached to the factory for crushing within 48 hours.
• Irrespective of its quality the price of sugarcane is fixed by the government. Therefore, the farmers are not likely to get any incentive of a good quality crop.

Question 25.
What advantage does the Deccan region have over the north with reference to sugarcane cultivation?
Answer:
The yield of sugarcane is higher in the Deccan due to following reasons:

• Favourable geographical conditions, and
• The use of modem scientific method of cultivation.

Question 26.
Name a few diseases that sugarcane plant is susceptible to.
Answer:
Fungal diseases like red rot, smut, rus and ratoon stunting are few diseases that sugarcane plant is susceptible to.

Question 27.
Name a few important oil-seeds grown in India.
Answer:
Five oilseeds gown in India are-Mustard, Coconut, Sunflower, Groundnut and Soyabean.

Question 28.
State the economic importance of oilseeds.
Answer:
The economic importance of oilseeds are as follows:

• As an agricultural product, oilseeds stands next in importance to cereals. So, they play an important role in the Indian economy.
• Vegetable oil is an essential part of our diet. More than 80% of the vegetable oil produced is used as food.
• Vegetable oil, e.g. linseed oil is used for industrial purposes such as paints, varnishes, lubricants etc.
• The oil industry, both on small and large scale, is a major source of employment.
• Oil cake, obtained as the by-product after the extraction of oil, is used as cattle feed and also as fertilizer for many crops such as cotton, tea, tobacco etc.

Question 29.
What is an oil cake ? How is it used?
Answer:
Oil cake is the residue of the soil seeds from which the oil has been extracted.
This residue of oil is used as cattle feed and manure.

Question 30.
Name the non-edible oilseeds. Why are they so called?
Answer:
Castor, Linseed, neem and mahua are the non-edible oil seeds. They are called non-edible oil seeds because these seeds cannot be used as part of our diet and are only used for producing industrial oils and other commercial products.

Question 31.
Give the geographical conditions necessary for the growth of groundnuts. Name its leading producer.
Answer:
Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh are the leading producers of groundnut.
Following geographical conditions are necessary for the growth of groundnuts.
Soil:
Groundnuts grow well in light sandy soil.
Temperature :
Groundnut requires about 20° C to 25° C temperature. Dry weather is needed during the time of ripening.
Rainfall:
Groundnuts require light to moderate rainfall between 50 to 100 cm. Rainfall should be well distributed.

Question 32.
Name the by-products of sugarcane: Give one important use of each. [1991]
Answer:
The two by-products of sugarcane are Molasses, Bagasse and their industrial uses are as follows:
Molasses:
It can be used in the manufacture of rum, fertilizers, chemicals, cattle feed.
Bagasse:
It can be used for making paper, cardboard.

Question 33.
Why are floods beneficial for better growth of jute?
Answer:
If the area is flooded, the plants are uprooted, otherwise cut to ground length that is why floods are beneficial for better growth of jute.

Question 34.
Explain the following terms. With which crop do you associate them ?
(a) Ginning
(b) Retting
(c) Clonal planting
(d) Ratooning
(e) Fine Plucking
(f) Bud grafting
Answer:
(a) Ginning :
Ginning is a process in which cotton seeds is associated with cotton crop.

(b) Retting:
Retting is microbiological process involved in the processing of jute plant in which the outer bark of the stalk has been made loosen so as to make it easier to remove the fibers from the stalk. It is associated with cotton crop.

(c) Clonal planting:
Clonal planting is associated with tea. In this process, cuttings are taken from the mother plant and grown to produce tea shrubs been deserved to yield the same superior quality as that of the mother plant.

(d) Rotooning:
Rotooning is a method used for growing sugarcane in which the already grown cane is cut close to the ground. After few days the plant begin to grow again and produced a second crop known as ratoon. It is associated with sugarcane crop.

(e) Fine Plucking:
The finest tea is obtained from the young shoots comprising two leaves and a bud known as the fine Plucking. Fine plucking associated with tea.

(f) Bud grafting:
The bud from a good rubber tree is grafted on the seeding of a new rubber tree, once the bud starts sprouting the shoot from the seeding is cut down and the bud then grows into a tree with all the traits of the mother trees. Bud grafting associated with Rubber.

Question 35.
Give reason –
(a) Tea is best grown on hill slopes.
Answer:
Tea plantation demands evenly distributed rainfall with no water logging issues. The hill slopes provide an easy drainage of the rain water, hence prevents the conditions of water logging. Moreover, the tea plants grow well in the loamy soil which is found mostly over the hill slopes

(b) Pruning is essential for a tea plant.
Answer:
Pruning ofthe tea plant is very essential because of two reasons:

• The removal of the central stem encourages the quick development of lateral branches and periodical pruning does not allow the plant to grow more than about 40 cm.
• Pruning also help in growing new shoots bearing soft leaves in plenty.

(c) Honey bees are reared on coffee plants.
Answer:
Honey bees are reared of coffee plant as they help to pollinate the flowers.

Question 36.
Answer in one word:
(a) Method in which coffee is obtained by pulping, fermenting, washing and drying.
Answer:
Wet and Dry Method.

(b) Method in which coffee berries are dried in sun.
Answer:
Cherry or Native Method.

(c) Method in which seeds are dropped through bamboo shafts attached to a plough.
Answer:
Sett Method.

Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 ICSE Geography Solutions

ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 11 Agriculture in India 2: Food Crops

Question 1.
What do you understand by the term ‘cereals’?
Answer:
The term ‘cereals’ denotes all types of grass like plants, which have starchy edible seeds.

Question 2.
Name the different methods of sowing rice.
Answer:
Following are the three methods of sowing rice:

• Drilling
• Broadcasting
• Dibbling

Question 3.
Which is the best method of growing rice.
Answer:
Drilling is the best method for growing rice.
This method, though saving wastage of seeds, and its very time-consuming.

Question 4.
What kind of soil is best suited for growing rice?
Answer:
Deep fertile clayey or friable loams are ideal for the cultivation of rice.
Even black lava soil is suitable for growing rice.

Question 5.
Name the leading producer of rice in India.
Answer:
West Bengal produces the highest quantity of rice in India.

Question 6.
Name a state in India where rice is grown as a non-food crop.
Answer:
Punjab in India is a state where rice is grown as a non-food crop.

Question 7.
Name an area in India where rice is grown under ‘Shifting Cultivation’.
Answer:
In north-east India, rice is grown under ‘ Shifting Cultivation’. or by ‘Jhooming’.

Question 8.
State the reasons for low yield of rice in India.
Answer:
Low yield of Rice in India due to following reasons:

• Disease damage the rice crop and can reduce yield.
• Proper storage of rice is not available.
• Farmers do not get suitable price for their crop do as middlemen buy it cheaply at harvest time and sell it at higher prices later.

Question 9.
What are the climatic conditions suitable for growing of wheat?
Answer:
Conditions suitable for the growing of wheat in the above places are :
Temperature:
10°-20°, Rainfall: 50-100 cms,
Soil:
loamy, alluvial soil, and it needs winter rainfall.

Question 10.
Is wheat a rabi or kharif crop?
Answer:
Wheat is a rabi crop.

Question
11. Name the leading producer of wheat in India.
Answer:
Punj ab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are the leading producer of wheat in India.

Question 12.
Give two natural and two man-made factors that help in the cultivation of wheat.
Answer:
Two natural factors that help in the cultivation of wheat are:

1. Fertile loamy clayey and black soil.
2. Cool climate with moderate rainfall.

Whereas, The Bhakra Nangal Dam And canals made by man
ensures constant supply of water. The power supplied by the Bhakra Nangal Project is used to operate the tube well. The flat level land allows the fanner to use a combined harvester to harvest his crop.

Question 13.
Give a few important aspects of ‘Green Revolution’?
Answer:
The important aspects of‘ Green Revolution’are:

• Use of high Yielding Varieties (HYV) of seeds.
• Irrigation.
• Use of insecticides and pesticides.
• Consolidation of holdings
• Rural electrification
• Land reforms
• Rural electrification
• Supply of agricultural credit
• Opening agricultural universities
• Use of (chemical) fertilizers.

Question 14.
In which season is wheat sown and why?
Answer:
Wheat is a temperate crop. It is grown in winter and harvest in
March/April, hence it is a rabi crop.
In India, winter temperature of north India provides more favourable conditions.

Question 15.
Is maize a rabi or kharif crop? Name three leading ‘ producers of maize.
Answer:
Maize is chiefly a kharif crop but in Tamil Nadu it is grown as, a rabi crop. Therefore it is a rabi and kharif crop. Uttar Pradesh, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh are leading producers of maize.

Question 16.
Why are the millets called the dry crops?
Answer:
Millets are called dry crops because they can be grown where the rainfall is very low, where rice or wheat cannot be grown. It is a hardy plant and drought resistant crop. It needs no special soil requirements. It is a short-duration crop.

Question 17.
Why are millets so widely grown?
Answer:
Millets belong to the grass family and do not have any special requirements as far as soil is concerned. Also they grow in warm weather and do not require heavy rainfall. Therefore they are so widely grown.

Question 18.
Give two new uses of maize.
Answer:
Besides as an article of food, maize is also used as fodder for cattle.

Question 19.
What is the common feature of all milets?
Answer:
All millets are hardy, drought and heat – resistant plants.

Question 20.
Name the most important rotation crop. In what way does it help the soil?
Answer:
Pulses are very useful rotation crop. They are the leguminous plants, take the atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into soil nitrogen and maintain the soil fertility and they are dry crops requiring less water.

Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 ICSE Geography Solutions