Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 9 Subhas Chandra Bose Forward Bloc and The Indian National Army (INA)
Question 1.
Why did Subhas Chandra Bose resign from the post of President of the Congress Party?
Answer:
A deep rift had started between the orthodox Wing and Subhas as to the formation of Congress Working Committee, which resulted in a deadlock between Gandhi and Subhas. Thus, Gandhi wing began to oppose the President with a view to make it impossible for him to function. Subhas, thus resigned from the Presidentship as he could not tolerate to be a puppet President.
Question 2.
Mention any one irreconcilable difference between Gandhi and Subhas.
Answer:
Subhas had radically different views from those of Gandhi. In the , first place, Subhas believed in socialism and was well known for his aggressiveness. This however, went against the policy and programme of Mahatma Gandhi. Subhas looked upon a war between Germany and Britain as an ideal situation to exploit in her advantage, however Gandhi believed that freedom could be obtained without any support from outside.
Question 3.
Name the Party formed by Subhas Bose in May 1939.
Answer:
Subhas Bose formed the Forward Bloc in May 1939.
Question 4.
What was the immediate objective of the Forward Bloc?
Answer:
The Forward Bloc’s immediate objective was liberation of India with the support of workers, peasants, youth and all radical organisations.
Question 5.
Who was Rash Behari Bose? What was the objective of the Indian Independence League?
Answer:
Rash Behari Bose, was an old revolutionary, who fled to Japan in 1915.
He organised the Indian Independence League to mobilise the members of the Indian community to secure independence for India.
Question 6.
When was the Indian National Army (INA) formally established?
Answer:
The Indian National Army was formally established on 1st September, 1942.
Question 7.
Mention any one objective of the Indian National Army (INA).
Answer:
The main objective of the Indian National Army was to capture Imphal, the Capital of Manipur.
Question 8.
Who announced the formation of the Provisional Government of Free India in 1943?
Answer:
Subhas Chandra Bose, on 21st October 1943, announced the formation of the Provisional Government of Free India.
Question 9.
Name any two countries that accorded recognition to the Provisional Government of Free India.
Answer:
- Japan
- Germany.
Question 10.
What names were given by Subhas Bose to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands respectively?
Answer:
Subhas Bose renamed the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as Shahid and Swraj Islands respectively.
Question 11.
Why could not the INA take possession of Imphal?
Answer:
The soldiers of the INA fought valiantly along with the Japanese forces and reached up to Imphal in Manipur. But soon after that, the Japanese had to withdraw their aircraft from the Indo-Burma zone to the Pacific zone. Moreover, the monsoon had started even before the fall of imphal.
Question 12.
Mention one significant achievement of INA in its struggle for India’s freedom.
Or
When and where did the INA plant Tricolour Flag as liberator of the Soil of India?
Answer:
INA with Japanese army advanced up to the very frontier of India. They captured Kohima and reached Imphal (Nagaland & Manipur States)
Or
The INA plant Tricolour Flag as liberator of the Soil of India on 1st September, 1942 at Bangkok Conference.
The Flag of the INA was similar to that of the Congress Tricolour. It bore the symbol of a roaring lion.
Question 13.
What is the significance of the Struggle of the INA?
Answer:
The INA, although failed in its mission, yet it set an inspiring example of patriotism before the Indian people. The heroic deeds and sacrifices of INA led to political consciousness among the Indian forces. The British now realised that their days were numbered in India.
Question 14.
What was the Forward Bloc’s programme for rebuilding India after attaining Independence?
Answer:
The Forward Bloc’s programme for rebuilding India after attaining independence included:
- State planning of the reorganisation of agriculture and industry on socialist lines.
- Abolition of Zamindari System.
- A new monetary and Credit system.
Structured Questions
Question 1.
With reference to the formation of Forward Bloc answer the following questions :
(a) What led to the formation of the Forward Bloc?
(b) What were the immediate aim and long-term objectives of the Forward Bloc?
Or
Explain any four measures suggested by Subhas Bose to establish a Socialist society?
Answer:
(a) Subhas Bose’s re-election as Congress President for the Tripuri Session in 1939 against the wishes of Gandhi, radical socialist beliefs of Subhas and his militancy were the factors that led to the formation of the Forward Bloc in May 1939. Subhas announced that his left wing party would function within the Congress.
The All India Congress Committee did not approve of the plan. The Congress Working Committee even passed a resolution, disqualifying Subhas to be a member of any Congress Committee for three years.
Thus, he laid the foundation of a radical and progressive party, with a view to bring the entire left wing under one banner. The party came to be known as the Forward Bloc.
(b) The party aimed at organising all the radical and progressive elements in the Congress, under one head to oppose the British government and to struggle for immediate liberation of the country. After achieving independence, it was to work for the establishment of a socialist, society through various measures. Firstly, through state planning for the reorganisation of agriculture and industry on socialist lines. Secondly, abolition of Zamindari System and Thirdly, a new monetary and credit system was to be evolved.
The main objective of the Forward Bloc was liberation of India with the support of workers, peasants, youth and other organisations.
Question 2.
The triumphant campaign of the Japanese in South-East Asia caused much excitement among the people of Indian origin, living in these regions. In this context briefly describe :
(a) Circumstances which led to the establishment of Indian Independence League
(b) Decisions taken at the Tokyo Conference.
(c) The Bangkok Conference and the Formation of Indian National Army
Answer:
(a) In South East Asia, the Japanese were getting one success after another against the British. As a result, a large number of Indian soldiers fell prisoners into their hands. After the fall of Singapore in Februrary 1942, Japan captured 40,000 Indian soldiers as prisoners of war.
Later, the Japanese handed them over to Captain Mohan Singh, who had earlier surrendered to Japan. Secondly, British defeats roused great hopes among the Indian soldiers. They became anxious to take action, which led to the formation of the Indian Independence League.
The league was organised by Rash Behari Bose, an old revolutionary who had fled to Japan in 1915. The League aimed at mobilising the members of the Indian community for the purpose of securing Indian independence.
(b) At the Tokyo Conference, attended by Indian officers both military and civil along with Japanese high command, following decisions were taken :
- To expand and strengthen the Indian Independence League.
- To form Indian National Army under the overall command of League.
- To hold a conference at Bangkok to consolidate these decisions.
(c) The Bangkok Conference was held from 15 June to 23 June. More than 150 delegates from Malaya, Singapore, Burma, Thailand, Hongkong, Manila and Java attended the Conference. It passed many resolutions, including one which stated that “Shri Subhas Chandra Bose be invited to come from Europe to lead this movement”.
Thousands of Indian soldiers joined the INA (Azad Hind Fauz), which was formally established on 1 st September, 1942. The Flag of the INA was similar to that of the Congress Tricolour. It bore the symbol of a roaring lion. A Council of Action was formed under the Presidentship of Rash Behari Bose. Mohan Singh took over as the Commander-in¬Chief of the Indian National Army. Japanese Government suppled the arms, ships and aeroplanes to the INA.
The formation of INA owes its origin to the Tokyo and Bangkok Conferences. The Indian officers, both civil and military met the Japanese high command in the Tokyo Conference, which was held from 28th March to 31st March, 1942. At the conference, it was decided to expand and strengthen the Indian Independence League and to form INA under the overall command of the League.
The Bangkok Conference further consolidated the decision taken at the Tokyo Conference. Thus, it passed a resolution that Subhas Chandra Bose be invited from Europe to lead the INA. Indian National Army was thus formally established on 1st Sept, 1942 with their flag being similiar to that of the Congress. Rash Behari Bose was elected as its President and Mohan Singh as the Commander In Chief. Japanese government supplied the arms, ships and aeroplanes to the INA.
Question 3.
Answer the following questions based on the picture given below :
(a) What were the INA’s objectives?
(b) What was Subhas’ contribution to victories won by the INA?
Answer:
(a) Objectives of the INA – The main objectives of the INA were the following:
- To organise an armed revolution and to fight the British army of occupation with modern arms.
- Since it was not possible for the Indians to organise an armed revolution from their homeland, this task must devolve on Indians living abroad, particularly on Indians living in East Asia.
- To organise a provisional government of Free India in order to mobilise all the forces effectively.
- Total mobilisation of Indian man-power and money for a total war.
- The motto of the INA was ‘unity, faith, sacrifice’.
(b) The INA along with the Japanese army overran many territories in South East Asia. In 1944, they captured Kohima and reached Impal and Manipur states. There, they had the good fortune of planting tricolour flag for the first time on the 19th, March 1944. Although INA failed in its objectives of liberating India from the colonial yoke, its contribution to India’s freedom struggle is unforgettable.
In the first place, it set an inspiring example of patriotism before the Indian people. The heroic deeds and sacrifices of the soldiers of INA led to political consciousness among the Indian forces. Secondly, it made it clear to the British that they could no longer rely upon the Indian sepoys to maintain their hold over India.
Thirdly, the trial of INA officers in the Red Fort at Delhi evoked the sympathy of the entire nation. Lastly, it started affecting the armed forces of the country. The Indian Navy rose in revolt in Mumbai. Similar uprising took place in Kolkata and Chennai which shook the very foundations on which the British empire rested.
Question 4.
With reference to the significance of the struggle of INA and Subhas Chandra Bose answer the following questions :
(a) How did the INA’s successes affect India’s armed forces?
(b) How did people of India show solidarity with the INA Officers put on trial at the Red Fort in Delhi?
Answer:
(a) The INA spirit started affecting the armed forces of the country. The Indian Navy rose in revolt at Mumbai in February 1946. Similar uprisings took place at Kolkata, Chennai and Karachi also. The naval revolts shook the very foundation on which the British Empire rested.
The INA proved that the Indian soldier was not the one interested only in the money; he was a volunteer willing to lay down his life as a patriotic son of the Motherland. Officers of the army demonstrated their ability to lead in difficult situations.
(b) INA and their leader Netaji received great honours from their country for their heroic struggle against the British Raj. In 1945 the trial of the INA officers – Shah Nawaz Khan, GS. Dhillon and Prem Sehgal – at the Red Fort in Delhi evoked the sympathy of the entire nation. The Congress took up their cause.
Jawaharlal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai and Tej Bahadur Sapru fought the case on behalf of the INA officers. Students everywhere demonstrated in support of the INA officers. Even the Muslim League condemned the trial. The Government viewed these developments with alarm.
The INA officers were ultimately set free.
Quick Revision
Subhas Chandra Bose
- Born on 23rd January, 1897
- 1920 he passed the Indian Civil Service Examination, later resigned : because he did not want to serve British Imperialism
- 1923 became a Swarajist
Forward Bloc
Party formed by Subhas in May 1939
(1) Causes
- Rift between Subhas (left wing) and Gandhi (right wing)
- Subhas’re-election in the Haripura Congress Session in 1938 against the wishes of Gandhi.
- Extreme socialist beliefs and militancy of Subhas
- Rift over the formation of Congress Working Committees.
(2) Aims and objectives
- To liberate India from the colonial yoke after independence
- Establishment of socialist society
(3) Achievements
- Formation of radical and progressive organisation
- A solid base to launch a vigorous movement against the British Indian
Independence League
- Organised by Rash Behari Bose
- The league aimed at mobilising the members of the Indian community for securing Indian Independence
Causes
- Tokyo conference
- Bangkok conference
- INA formally established on 1st September 1942
- Flag same as Congress
- Rash Behari Bose as President
- Mohan Singh as the Commander-In-Chief
Subhas as the Supreme Commander (26th August, 1943)
- Provisional government was established
- Recognised by 9 countries
- Andaman and Nicobar handed over to Subhas by Japan
- Later renamed as Shahid and Swaraj Islands
INA Victories in Sea
- Overran many territories in Sea
- Captured Kohima and reached Impal and Manipur
Achievements in the Freedom Struggle
- Feeling of patriotism
- Political consciousness
- Trials of INA officers at Red Fort evoked the sympathy of the entire nation
- Naval revolts in Mumbai
- Revolts in Chennai and Kolkata
- Shook the foundations on which the British Empire rested
Extra Practice Questions
Question 1.
Who was elected President after the resignation of Subhas in 1939?
Answer:
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the President of Congress after the resignation of Subhas in 1939.
Question 2.
When was the Tokyo Conference held?
Answer:
The Tokyo Conference was held from 28th March to 31st March, 1942.
Question 3.
What major decisions were taken at the Tokyo Conference?
Answer:
At the Tokyo Conference, attended by Indian officers both military and civil along with Japanese high command, following decisions were taken :
- To expand and strengthen the Indian Independence League.
- To form Indian National Army under the overall command of League.
- To hold a conference at Bangkok to consolidate these decisions.
Question 4.
When was the Bangkok Conference held?
Answer:
The Bangkok Conference was held from 15th June to 23rd June, attended by more than 150 delegates.
Question 5.
What important resolution was passed at the Bangkok Conference?
Answer:
The Conference passed the resolution that Subhas Chandra Bose be invited to lead the movement (Indian National Army).
Question 6.
When did Subhash officially took charge of the INA?
Answer:
On 26th August, 1946, Subhas officially took the charge of the Indian National Army.
Question 7.
Which slogans became the battle cry of INA?
Answer:
- Jai Hind (victory to India)
- Delhi Chalo (march to Delhi)
Question 8.
Which national leader was addressed as Netaji?
Answer:
Subhas Chandra Bose was addressed as Netaji.
ICSE History and Civics Class 10 Goyal Brothers Prakashan Solutions