Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 History Solutions Chapter 16 The Non-Aligned Movement

Question 1.
Mention the main purpose of the establishment of Major Agencies of the United Nations.
Answer:
The main purpose of the establishment of major agencies of the UN, is promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.

Question 2.
What is the main thrust of UNICEF’s activities in modern times?
Answer:
The UNICEF activities are aimed at improving the quality of life of children and women in developing countries.

Question 3.
When was WHO established?
Or
Which day is observed as the World Health Day?
Answer:
WHO was established on 7th April, 1948. This day is observed annually as World Health Day.

Question 4.
What have been the two major objectives of WHO?
Or
WHO had been fighting for a specific cause. What was that cause?
Answer:
“Health for All by the Year 2000” had been the major goal of WHO.

Question 5.
What Global Strategy was adopted by WHO to achieve its goal of “Health for All by the Year 2000”?
Answer:
The Global Strategy by WHO to acheive its goal recquired massive efforts to be made in these fields: primary health care, clean drinking water, nutrition, sanitation and health education.

Question 6.
Mention any two functions of WHO.
Answer:

  1. It sets international standards with respect to food, biological and pharmaceutical products.
  2. It makes efforts to bring improvement in nutrition, housing, sanitation, working conditions and other aspects of environmental hygiene.

Question 7.
What is UNESCO’s purpose as specified in its Constitution?
Or
Why was UNESCO established?
Or
What is the primary aim of UNESCO?
Answer:
The UNESCO was established to contribute to Peace and Security in the world by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and communication.

Question 8.
Give one function of UNESCO in the field of education and any one function in the field of science.
Answer:
The UNESCO aims at promoting education among children as well adults. Financial assistance is being given for the education of disabled children.
It organises regional and world conferences to bring together scientists, technicians and technologists who have a common interest.

Question 9.
Mention any two function of UNESCO in the field of culture.
Answer:
It helps the member states in the preservation of their cultural heritage. Besides, it encourages translation of rare manuscripts.

Question 10.
Write the full (expanded) form of the following :
UNICEF, WHO and UNESCO
Answer:
UNICEF – United Nations Development Programme,
WHO – World Health Organisation
UNESCO – United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

Question 11.
What is the role of UNICEF in modern times?
Answer:
UNICEF plays an important role in the educational as well as scientific advancements along with preservation of Cultural Heritage. In Modern times it has become all the more important agency to contribute to peace and security in the world.

Question 12.
Mention any two functions of the UNICEF.
Answer:

  1. To render assistance in providing protective food like-milk, meat, fish and fats to the children. It also takes care of interests of women and pregnant mothers.
  2. To provide funds for the training of health and sanitation workers, nutritionists and workers.

Question 13.
Mention any two objectives of every WHO programme.
Answer:

  1. Fighting Disease
  2. Fostering Development.

Question 14.
Name the Treaty which brought ILO into being.
Answer:
The International Labour Organisation was founded in 1919bythe Treaty of Versailles as an autonomous part of the League of Nations.

Question 15.
Mention two important functions of ILO.
Answer:

  1. The ILO promotes social security of workers in industry commerce and agriculture.
  2. It pays special attention to the problems of women and children.

Structured Questions

Question 1.
With reference to the UNICEF answer the following questions:
(a) Which year did the UNICEF celebrate as the International Year of the Child?
(b) What was the purpose of the Convention adopted by the 1990 World Summit on Children?
(c) Mention any three functions of UNICEF.
Answer:
(a) In 1979 UNICEF celebrated international Year of the Child’ to focus attention on the rights and welfare of children.
(b) The 1990 World Summit on Children adopted a Convention to protect children against exploitation, neglect and abuse.

(c) The important functions of UNICEF are

  • To render assistance in providing protective food like – milk, meat fish and fats to the children. It also takes care of interests of women and pregnant mothers.
  • To provide funds for the training of health and sanitation workers, nutritionists and circle workers.
  •  UNICEF provided Universal Child Immunization against preventable diseases by 1990 as one its leading goals. Thus, nearly 80% of the world children were immunised against six killer-diseases, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, polio and whooping cough.
  • To extend support to programmes, such as suppression of traffic in women and children and prevention of crimes committed by children.
  • To provide instant help to children and women in case of disaster
    such as earthquake epidemic or war.
  • To supply paper to publish textbooks and literature relating to children.
    To sum up, UNICEF has played a commendable role in the service of children and women of the world.

Question 2.
WHO helps fight diseases and acts as a World Clearing House for medical and scientific information. In this context, describe the following :
(a) Its achievements in eradicating several diseases
(b) Any four of its several functions.
Answer:
(a) WHO is a premier agency to fight diseases everywhere in the world. Small pox was eradicated from the world through a global campaign coordinated by WHO. Another WHO campaign aims at eradicating polio, globally by 2005. Malaria eradication programme too, continues to be the world’s biggest health programme.

Again the UNICEF and WHO launched a programme to immunize children against 6 killer-diseases. On 15 February, 2000 Indian and the entire South East Asian region were officially certified as free of the dreaded Guinea worm disease. Thus, WHO has been a success in eradicating several diseases.

(b) The WHO performs the following functions :

  • It promotes and coordinates research in field of health. The WHO’s research priorities are control of communicable diseases, maternal and child health, mental health and diseases like-cancer, blindness, diabetes and heart attacks.
  • It makes efforts to bring improvement in nutrition, housing, sanitation, working conditions and other aspects of environmental hygiene.
  • It assists projects on government request to provide water, safe for drinking.
  • WHO organises seminars and conferences to train personnel in the skills that they need to fight diseases.

Question 3.
UNESCO seeks to broaden the base of education, to bring benefits of science to all countries and to boost cultural interchange. In this context describe :
(a) Three of its functions in the field of Education
(6) Three of its functions in the field of Science.
(c) Three of its functions in the field of Culture.
Answer:
(a) UNESCO preforms following functions in the field of education :

  • The UNESCO aims at promoting education among children as well as adults. Financial assistance is being given for the education of disabled children.
  • The UNESCO provides advice and expert assistance in matters like – school construction and preparation of courses of study and textbooks.
  • It organises book – fairs and festivals at international and national levels.

(b) It preforms following function in the field of Science.’

  • UNESCO promotes basic research in fields like – Geology, Mathematics, Physics and Oceanography.
  • It brings the benefits of science to all countries by providing information through bulletins, journals and exhibitions. ‘Courier’ is the official monthly magazine.
  • UNESCO encourages the study of social sciences’ especially to ensure that attention is paid to factors causing violence or conflict, the very future of the human race and violation of human rights.

(c) It preforms following functions in the fields of cultural Interchange and Preservation of Cultural Heritage :

  • It helps the member states in the preservation of their Cultural heritage. It further, encourages translation of rare manuscripts.
  • It gives every possible encouragement to artistic creation in the field of literature and fine arts.
  • UNESCO also undertakes a number of projectsin the field of mass – communication.

Question 4.
Identify the UN Agencies that have chosen the following Emblems :
Answer:
ICSE Class 10 Civics Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 16 The Non-Aligned Movement 1
UNICEF World Health Organisation
ICSE Class 10 Civics Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 16 The Non-Aligned Movement 2
United Nations Children’s Fund

Question 5.
ILO makes recommendations concerning the needs of workers and employees working in various employments. In this context, discuss its functions in the following fields :
(a) Social Security and Welfare of Workers
(b) International Labour Code
(c) Women and Child Labour
(d) Technical Assistance and Vocational Training
(e) Labour Research and Education.
Answer:
(a) The ILO promotes social security of workers in industry, commerce and agriculture. It has adopted various conventions which provide for compulsory insurance against sickness, old age and death. The conventions also provide for payment of compensation in case of injury by accidents or some occupational diseases.

(b) The ILO tries to improve the working conditions of the workers and other employees. It has adopted various conventions relating to the working hours, wages, holiday and payment of overtime to the workers. It also provides that minimum standards of lighting, ventilation, safety and welfare services must be given to the employees in the factories.

(c) The ILO pays special attention to the problems of women and children. It has banned the employment of women at night as well as traffic in women. The ILO ratified few conventions to eradicate child labour. Infact, it achieved significant success in eradicating child labour from 85 villages in Andhra Pradesh. It also helped in the enrolment of hundreds of child labours below the age of 11 in several schools.

(d) The ILO makes technical assistance available to developing nations. It has instituted many projects in the field of vocational training, managerial training and productivity projects.

(e) The ILO sets up the International Institute of Labour Studies, to carry research, pertaining to labour, trade unions and training of labour administrates. The focus of its programme has been to create awareness among workers about their rights and their role in economic development.

Extra Practice Questions

Question 1.
What is total membership of UNDP?
Answer:
It’s total membership is 128 countries.

Question 2.
How does the UNICEF work?
Answer:
The UNICEF works through an Executive Board consisting of 41 members, designated by the UN Economic and Social Council.

Question 3.
Who finances the projects of UNICEF?
Answer:
The projects of UNICEF are financed by voluntary contributions from governments, persons and organisation. The sale of greeting cards is also an important source of UNICEF’s income.

Question 4.
What was one of the leading goals of the UNICEF?
Answer:
Universal child Immunization against preventable diseases by 1990 was one of the leading goals of UNICEF.

Question 5.
Which year was celebrated as the International Year of the Child by the UNICEF?
Answer:
The UNICEF celebrated 1979 as the International Year of the Child to focus attention on the rights and welfare of children.

Question 6.
How is the cooperation between the Government of India and the UNICEF executed?
Answer:
The cooperation between Government of India and UNICEF is executed through Master Plan of Operation (MPO) which has a
planning circle of five years.

Question 7.
Name the official monthly magazine of the UNESCO.
Answer:
Courier.

Question 8.
UNESCO is collaborating with which Company to save Taj from decay?
Answer:
To save Taj from decay, UNESCO is collaborating with the French Rhone-Poulenc Institute.

Question 9.
How is UNESCO helping to restore Taj Mahal?
Answer:
UNESCO is helping to restore the Taj Mahal by reversing the process of its marble yellowing and its disintegrating sandstone.

Question 10.
When and why was the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) established?
Answer:
The UNDP came into being in 1965 when UN Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance was merged with United Nations Special Fund (UNSF).
The United Nations Development Programme was established to help the developing countries to make better use of their natural and human resources, expand productivity and improve their living standards.

Question 11.
Where are the headquarters of the UNDP?
Answer:
The UNDP has its headquarters in New York (USA).

Question 12.
Who finances the UNDP projects?
Answer:
The UNDP projects are financed by voluntary contributions from the members of the United Nations.

Question 13.
Give any two functions of the UNDP.
Answer:

  1. To carry out surveys with a view to assess country’s natural resources for increasing agricultural and industrial output.
  2. It helps to mobilise capital investments, for extremely risky ventures.

Question 14.
Where are the Headquarters of the UNICEF?
Answer:
The Headquarters of the UNICEF are located in New York [USA].

Question 15.
When was UNESCO established?
Answer:
It was established on 4th November, 1946.

Question 16.
Where are UNESCO’s headquarters?
Answer:
It has its headquarters in Paris.

Question 17.
When was ILO founded?
Answer:
It was founded in 1919.

Question 18.
When did ILO become a Specialized Agency of the United Nations?
Answer:
In 1946, ILO became the first specialised Agency of the United Nations.

Question 19.
What was the mandate of ILO?
Or
What is the main objective of ILO?
Answer:
The mandate of ILO was to find “More jobs, Better jobs, Industrial harmony and social justice.”

Question 20.
Where are the headquarters of ILO ?
Answer:
The ILO has its headquarters in Geneva.

Question 21.
What do ILO Conventions prescribe about workers who are injured?
Answer:
The convention provides for payment of compensation in case of injury by accident or some occupational diseases.

The Non-Aligned Movement

Exercises

Question 1.
What is meant by Non-Alignment?
Answer:
Non-Alignment meant not being a part of any power bloc. Hence, it signified that Nations which are non-aligned, could judge issue on its own merits rather than following either of the super-powers.

Question 2.
Name any two Architects (Founding Fathers) of the Non- Aligned Movement?
Answer:
The architects of the Non-Aligned movement were

  1. Jawahar Lai Nehru of India
  2. Tito of erstwhile Yugoslavia
  3. Nasser of Egypt
  4. Sukarno of Indonesia.

Question 3.
When was the Bandung Conference held? Name any two countries which participated in its deliberations.
Answer:
The Bandung Conference was held in 1955. The two countries which participated in its deliberations were;

  1. India
  2. China

Question 4.
When and where was the First Non-Aligned Summit held?
Answer:
The first Summit of Non-Aligned Nations was held from Septem¬ber 1 to 6, 1961 at Belgrade in former Yugoslavia.

Question 5.
Mention any two points that figured as part of the 27- Point Declaration adopted by the Belgrade Summit in 1961.
Answer:

  1. It contained an appeal to the super powers to maintain peace and security in the world.
  2. It condemned all forms of colonisation.

Question 6.
Mention any three objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Answer:

  1. Maintenance of International peace.
  2. Abolition of Imperialism and Colonialism.
  3. Enforcement of Human Rights.

Question 7.
Why did Nehru want India to follow the Non-Aligned Policy?
Answer:
Nehru was the architect of India’s foreign policy of non-alignment. He laid stress on disarmament and an end to imperialism. Further he refused to be drawn into Power Blocs.

Question 8.
Mention any two facts to suggest that Nehru played to key roie in shaping and strengthening the Non-Aligned Movement.
Answer:
Nehru played a key role in shaping and strengthening the Non- Aligned movement as firstly he was the architect of India’s foreign policy of Non-Alignment Secondly Nehru along with Chinese pre¬mier Chou En-lai, enunciated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

Question 9.
Where was the 16th NAM Summit held? What was its Theme?
Answer:
The 16th Summits was held at Tehran in Iran. The Theme of the Summit was ‘Lasting Peace Through Joint Global Governance’:

Question 10.
How many Non-Aligned Summits have been held so far and where was the last summit held?
Answer:
In all, fourteen Non-Aligned Summits have held so for. The last Summit as held in Havana (Cuba) in 2006, attended by 118 nations.

Question 11.
What is meant by a Unipolar World?
Answer:
Unipolar World meant only one superpower i.e. United States of America.

Question 12.
Mention one particular point to suggest that Non-Aligned Movement still has a relevance.
Answer:
The disintegration of the Soviet Union presents unprecedented difficulties. Earlier, the weaker nations could rely on one or the other superpower for support. But, in changed unipolar world, they have to rely on each other.

Question 13.
Why was AFRICA Fund instituted?
Answer:
Africa fund was established in 1986, with the objective of assisting Frontline States in Southern Africa against Racial discrimination.

Question 14.
What does the ‘Polluter Pays Principle’ suggest?
Answer:
‘Polluter Pays Principle’ was intiated by Rajiv Ghandhi. He opined that major source of pollution is the industrialised nations, hence it is there responsibility to fight pollition and environment degradation.

Question 15.
Mention any two reason that strengthened the Non-Align¬ment Movement (NAM).
Or
Mention any two factors that led to the formation of the Non- Aligned Movement (NAM) ?
Answer:

  1. Reaction against Cold War Tensions and the System of Military Alliance:
    The concept of Non-Alignment emerged on the international scene soon after the World War II. It arose as a reaction against the system of military alliances—a natural consequence of the Cold War between the two Power Blocs.
  2. Economic Development:
    A second factor responsible for the adoption of this policy was the poverty of these nations. The countries of Asia and Africa were poor and underdeveloped. They needed financial and technical assistance from both the Power Blocs, headed by the United States and Russia.

Question 16.
Mention Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence adopted by the Bandung Conference.
Answer:
Bandung Conference adopted following Five Principles of Peaceful co-existence :

  1. mutual respect for one another’s territorial integrity.
  2. non-aggression.
  3. non-interference in one another’s internal affairs.
  4. equality and mutual benefit.
  5. peaceful co-existence.

Structured Questions

Question 1.
With reference to the Non-Aligned Movement answer the following questions :
(a) What is meant by Non-Alignment (the Non-Aligned Movement)?
(b) Mention the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence (Panchsheel) adopted at the Bandung Conference.
(c) What were the principal achievements of the Bandung Conference?
Answer:
(a) Non-Alignment meant not being a part or support of any of the power blocs. Thus, it aimed at keeping away from the Cold War. The Non-Aligned nations believed that each country has the right to decide its own policy and way of life. They did not consider themselves as a bloc. They were infact a group of like minded nations having similiar aims and objectives.

(b) The Five Principles adopted at the Bandung Conference were.

  • Mutual respect for one another’s territorial integrity.
  • Non-aggression.
  • Non-interference in one another’s internal affairs.
  • Equality and mutual benefit.
  • Peaceful co-existence.

(c) The significant achievement of the Bandung Conference was that NAM leaders showed complete unity and agreement with each other, especially in supporting aims and objectives of the United Nations. The Conference greatly increased the prestige of men like Nehru, Nasser and Sukarno.

Question 2.
With reference to the pioneers and objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement answer the following questions:
(a) Who were the architects (founding fathers) of the Non-Aligned Movement?
(b) Mention any four objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement?
Answer:
(a) The architects of the Non-Aligned Movement were Nehru of India,
Tito of former Yugoslavia, Nasser of Egypt and Sukarno of Indonesia, (b) The objectives of the Non-Aligned Movement could be described as follows :
1. Abolition of Imperialism and Colonialism :
The NAM believed in natural equality and freedom of all nations.

2. Maintenance of Indernational peace :
Non-Aligned nations work for the maintenance of international peace and security. They stood for ‘No War’ policy.

3. To put an end to Racial discrimination

4. Disarmament :
NAM favoured disarmament and in particular opposed the possession and the use of nuclear weapons.

5. NAM stressed the need to strengthen the United Nations to carry on its functions effectively.
6. To create new International economic order based on equality and justice.
7. NAM called for global co-operation to protect the Environment.
8. NAM stressed the need for cultural equality through restructuring the existing information order.
9. Last but not the least enforcement of Human Rights has been a major objective of the NAM.

Question 3.
With refreence to Nehru’s role in the Non-Aligned Movement answer the following questions :
(a) How did Nehru define Non-Alignment ?
(b) What was Nehru’s contribution to deliberations of the Belgrade Conference in 1961 ?
(c) Give two examples when Nehru actually condemned aggression
(d) How did Nehru’s leadership help India establish itself as a powerful force in world affairs ?
(e) What did Nehru say in his inaugural speech at Asian Relations Conference ?
Answer:
(a) Nehru opined that Non-Alignment does not mean passivity of mind or action. It is rather a positive and dynamic approach to such problems that confront us.

(b) Nehru played a major role in making the Belgrade Conference a success. The Conference laid emphasis on

  • negotiations of peace.
  • negotiations for complete disarmament.
  • ending imperialism in all its forms.

(c) Nehru condemned the Korean crisis of 1950 and Anglo French action in Egypt on the Suez Canal issue.

(d) India under Nehru’s leadership pursued a policy which stood for :

  • friendship and cooperation with all nations and
  • peace in the world. This went a long way in reducing tension in the world. Infact Nehru, through his speeches and writings, pleaded for Dis-armament as the only means of promoting peace in the world. We can safely opine that Nehru’s leadership helped India in establishing itself as a powerful force in the world affairs.

(e) Nehru in his inaugural speech at Asian Relations Conference, opined that NAM had nothing to do with any power bloc. It was infact a great step towards promoting peace and progress all over the world.

Question 4.
Persons shown here in the front line played a very important part in the founding of the Non-Aligned Movement. Identify these persons and also name the countries they belonged to.
ICSE Class 10 Civics Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 16 The Non-Aligned Movement 3
Answer:
(A) Abdel Nasser of Egypt
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru of India
(C) Josip Tito of former Yugoslavia

Previous Examination based chapter wise solved questions
The First war of Independence (1857)

Question 1.
Who became the first Viceroy of India under the Act of 1858?
Or
The Act of 1858 ended the East India Comapny’s rule and the Government of India was transferred to the British Queen. Who become her first Viceroy under this Act? [2003]
Answer:
Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India under the Act of 1858.

Question 2.
Mention any one provision of the ‘General Enlistment Act of 1856.
Answer:
It gave the British authorities absolute power to exploit the Indian sepoys to serve wherever required, even overseas.

Question 3.
Name the soldier who refused to use the cartridges in the Enfield rifle. How was he punished?
Answer:
Mangal Pande. He was hanged to death on April 8, 1857.

Question 4.
Name two Indian reformers who strongly advocated social reforms.
Answer:
Raja Rammohan Roy and Swami Dayananda Saraswati.

Question 5.
Under what pretext was Oudh annexed to the Company’s Dominions? [2003]
Answer:
Oudh was annexed to the Company’s Dominions under the pretext of maladministration or misadministration.

Question 6.
Name the policy used by Lord Dalhousie for the extension of British territories in India. [2002]
Answer:
The Doctrine of Lapse was the policy used by Lord Dalhousie for the extension of British territories in India.

Question 7.
Why was “War of 1857” hailed as the first war of national independence? [2002]
Answer:
It embraced the whole section of society without any caste and creed. It was not localized one. In this revolt, not only army personnel participated, but Indian civilians also threw themselves into this struggle.

ICSE History and Civics Class 10 Goyal Brothers Prakashan Solutions

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