ICSE Living Science Biology for Class 6 Solutions Chapter 2 Classification of the Living World
Check Your Progress
Fill In The Blanks.
Question 1.
………….. makes the study of living organisms systematic and simple.
Answer:
Classification makes the study of living organisms systematic and simple.
Question 2.
Classification gives an idea about the …………. of organisms from simpler to more complex ones.
Answer:
Classification gives an idea about the evolution of organisms from simpler to more complex ones.
Question 3.
The Greek philosopher ………….. was the first to classify animals.
Ans. The Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to classify animals.
Question 4.
………….. was the first to classify plants.
Answer:
Theophrastus was the first to classify plants.
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Fill in the blanks.
Question 1.
………….. proposed the five-kingdom classification.
Answer:
R.H. Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom classification.
Question 2.
Kingdom ………….. consists of organisms that are unicellular aqd without a proper nucleus.
Answer:
Kingdom Monera consists of organisms that are Unicellular and without a proper nucleus.
Question 3.
Kingdom ………….. consists of unicellular organisms having a proper nucleus.
Answer:
Kingdom Protista consists of unicellular organisms having a proper nucleus.
Question 4.
Fungi reproduce by spore formation, budding and …………………..
Answer:
Fungi reproduce by spore formation, budding and fragmentation.
Question 5.
In ………….. nomenclature, each organism is given a two- part Latin name.
Answer:
In binomial nomenclature, each organism is given a two-part Latin name.
Question 6.
The first letter of a generic name is always written in ………………
Answer:
The first letter of a generic name is always written in capitals.
A. Tick the most appropriate answer.
Question 1.
The largest unit of classification is –
a. phylum.
b. kingdom,
c. species.
d. genus.
Answer:
b. kingdom.
Question 2.
The smallest unit of classification is –
a. phylum.
b. family,
c. species.
d. genus.
Answer:
c. species.
Question 3.
Living organisms belonging to Kingdom Monera have –
a. a single cell without well defined nucleus.
b. a singly cell with well defined nucleus.
c. many cells without well defined nucleus.
d. many cells with well defined nucleus.
Answer:
a. a single cell vftflout well defined nucleus.
Question 4.
All organisms belonging to kingdom Protista have –
a. a single cell without well-defined nucleus.
b. a single cell with well-defined nucleus
c. many cells without well-defined nucleus
d. many cells with well-defined nucleus
Answer:
b. a single cell with well-defined nucleus
Question 5.
The binomial system of naming organisms was given by –
a. Carolus Linnaeus.
b. Theophrastus
c. RH Whittaker
d. Aristotle
Answer:
a. Carolus Linnaeus.
Practice Question 1.
All organisms belonging to Kingdom Fungi are –
a. autotrophic.
b. heterotrophic.
c. saprophytic.
d. parasitic.
Answer:
b. heterotrophic.
Practice Question 2.
Which of these represents the correct order of classification ?
a. Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus
b. Phylum → Order → Class → Family → Genus
c. Phylum → Order → Class → Genus → Family
d. Phylum → Class → Family → Order → Genus
Answer:
a. Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus
B. Fill in the blanks.
Question 1.
Groups of similar genera are grouped together into a
Answer:
Groups of similar genera are grouped together into a family.
Question 2.
Closely-related species resembling each other are grouped into a .
Answer:
Closely-related species resembling each other are grouped into a genus. V
Question 3.
Similar families are grouped together into
Answer:
Similar families are grouped together into orders.
Question 4.
The organisms belonging to Kingdom have chlorophyll
Answer:
The organisms belonging to Kingdom Plantae have chlorophyll.
Question 5.
In binomial system, ………….. forms the first part while ………….. forms the second part of the name.
Answer:
In binomial system, name of the genus forms the first part while the species name forms the second part of the name.
Practice Question 1.
The living world is divided into kingdoms.
Answer:
The living world is divided into five kingdoms.
Practice Question 2.
The Kingdom consists of unicellular organisms other than bacteria.
Answer:
The Kingdom Protista consists of unicellular organisms other than bacteria.
C. State if the following statements are true or false. Correct the statement if it is false.
Question 1.
Species is the largest unit of classification.
Answer:
False : Species is the smallest unit of classification.
Question 2.
Members of same family can breed among themselves.
Answer:
False: Members of same specie can breed among themselves.
Question 3.
R H Whittaker divided the living world into five kingdoms.
Answer:
True
Question 4.
Protists are single-celled organisms without a nucleus.
Answer:
False: Protists are single-celled organisms with a nucleus.
Question 5.
Organisms belonging to Kingdom Fungi do not have chlorophyll
Answer:
True.
Practice Question 1.
Modern scientists have divided the living world into five kingdoms.
Answer:
True.
D. Differentiate between
1. Kingdom and division
2. Monera and Protista
3. Genus and species
Answer:
1. Kingdom and division
Kingdom :
- It is the highest taxomonic level in the classification of organisms.
- All living organisms are divided into two kingdoms – plants and animals.
division:
- It is the second highest level in the classification of organisms, between kingdom and class.
- Division is a level used for plant kingdom.
2. Monera and Protista
Monera:
- This kingdom consists of unicellular organisms which do not have a well- defined nucleus.
- Examples: bacteria, cyanobacteria
Protista:
- This kingdom consists of unicellular organisms which have a well-defined nucleus.
- Examples: Eugletia, Amoeba.
3. Genus and species
Species :
a. Organisms having same characters consitute a specie.
b. Related species form a genus. family.
c. Members of a specie can reproduce among them – selves.
d. Specie name forms the second part in a scientific name according to binomial nomenclature.
e. e.g. Lion belongs to specie leo.
Genus:
a. All closely related species are grouped into a genus.
b. Related genus form a
c. Members of a genus cannot reproduce among themselves.
d. Generic name forms the first part of the scientific name according to binomial nomenclature.
e. e.g. Lion and tiger both belong to genus Panthera.
Praticle Question 1.
Kingdom and Species
Kingdom:
a. All living organisms are divided into five kingdoms.
b. It is the largest unit of classification.
c. The members of one kingdom are not very closely related.
d. The’members of a kingdom cannot reproduce among tbemselves.
e. e.g. All plants belong to kingdom Plantae.
Species:
a. Members of a genus are divided into species.
b. It is the smallest unit of classification.
c. The members of one specie resemble each other very closely.
d. The members of a specie can reproduce among themselves.
e. e.g. Sunflower belongs to specie annuus
Praticle Question 2.
Genus and Family
Genus :
a. All closely related species are grouped into a genus.
b. Genus name forms a part of the scientific name of an organism.
c. e.g. All humans belong to genus Homo.
Family :
a. All closely related (Genera) form a family.
b. Family name is not mentioned in the scientific name of an organism.
c. Humans belong to family Hominidae.
E. Find the odd one out. Give reasons.
Question 1.
Bacteria, Paramecium, Amoeba, Euglena
Answer:
Bacteria : Bacteria is the odd one out as it belongs to Kingdom Monera whereas rest three organisms belong to Kingdom Protista.
Question 2.
Yeast, Mushroom, Amoeba, Bread mould
Answer:
Amoeba: Amoeba is the odd one out as it belongs to Kingdom Protista whereas the rest three belong to Kingdom Fungi.
F. Answer the following in short.
Question 1.
Define classification.
Answer:
Grouping of organisms according to certain specific common characteristics is called classification.
Question 2.
Write two advantages of classifying organisms ?
Answer:
The advantages of classification are as following:
(a) It makes the study of living organisms systematic.
(b) It helps in identifying and grouping different organisms.
(c) It gives us an idea about the evolution of organisms.
(d) The character of all members of a group can be studied by studying the characters of a few members only.
Question 3.
What are protozoa ?
Answer:
Protozoa are group of unicellular organisms which have nucleus and show animal like characteristics like they do not make their own-food. They belong to Kingdom Protista, e.g. Amoeba, Paramecium.
Question 4.
Write one characteristic feature of Kingdom Plantae.
Answer:
All multicellular §reen plants can make their own food in the
presence of sunlight and chlorophyll using water and air are included in the Kingdom Plantae. i.e. they are autotrophs.
Question 5.
What is binomial nomenclature?
Answer:
Binomial nomenclature is a system to give scientific names to species of all living things. It was given by Carolus Linnaeus.
According to this system, each organism is given a two part Latin name. The first part tells the genus and called the
generic name. The second part refers to the specie name of that organism and is called the specific name. The first letter of the generic name is always written in capitals but the specific name starts with a small letter. Scientific names are italicized while printing and underlined when written, e.g. Scientific name of humans is Homo sapiens, where Homo is the genus to which sapiens specie belongs.
Practice Question 1.
What is a species ?
Answer:
A specie is the smallest unit of classification. A specie is a group of individuals which resemble each other very closely, have similar types of body parts and can reproduce among themselves. 5
G. Answer the following in detail.
Question 1.
Write a short note on Linnaeus’ general plan of , classification. ^
Answer:
Linnaeus’ general plan of classification:
The two kingdoms – Plantae and Animalia were further categorised into smaller groups based on common characteristics. He established taxonomic ranks (different levels) where the group at the top level had the least number of common features. As the level progressed to lower levels, the organisms had more features in common.
These taxonomic levels are:
- Kingdom – All living organisms are divided into two kingdoms plarits and animals.
- Division/Phylum – The next taxonomic level in the plant kingdom is divisionand in the animal kingdom is phylum.
- Class – A phylum or division is further divided into many classes.
- Order – A class has a number of orders. >
- Family – Under an order, come many families. Organisms m same family are very similar in structure.
- Genus – Each family is divided into many genera (singular : genus).
- Species – Each genus is further divided into several species. Members of same species resemble each other very closely and can reproduce among themselves.
Question 2.
List the names of the five kingdoms to which all living beings belong. Give one important characteristic of each kingdom.
Answer:
The names of the five kingdoms to which all living beings belong are:
(a) Kingdom Monera: It consists of bacteria made up of a single cell without a nucleus, e.g. E.coli.
(b) Kingdom Protista: It consists of unicellular organisms other than bacteria. The nucleus is present in the cell
e. g. Amoeba.
(c) Kingdom Fungi: It consists of plants like yeast which cannot make their own food. e.g. moulds.
(d) Kingdom Plantae : It includes all plants which are autotrophic in nature, e.g. grass, wheat.
(e) Kingdom Animalae (Animalia) : All multicellular animals including humans belong to this kingdom. They are heterotrophic in nature, e.g. fish, cat, worms.
Question 3.
How are organisms of Kingdom Monera different from those belonging to Kingdom Protista ?
Answer:
Kingdom Monera :
a. It consists of bacteria made up of singl cell that lacks a nucleus.
b. e.g. E.coli, Lactobacillus.
Kingdom Protista :
a. It consists of unicellular organisms other than bacteria which have a nucleus.
b. e.g. Amoeba, Paramecium.
Question 4.
Write one characteristic feature of Kingdom Fungi Why are they not a part of Kingdom Plantae ?
Answer:
Kingdom Fungi are not a part of Kingdom Plantae because they cannot make their own food and are heterotrophic in nature.
Question 5.
What is the advantage of giving scientific names to all living beings ?
Answer:
There are about millions of species of plants and animals in the world. They have different common names in different languages and places. It can create confusion and cannot be used for scientific studies all over the world. To avoid this confusion, scientific names are given to all living beings.
Practice Question
What constitutes a genus ?
Answer:
All closely related species constitute a genus. For example tiger belongs to species tigrus and lion belongs to specie leo but both of them belong to the same genus Panthera.
Living Science Biology Class 6 ICSE Solutions