ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 3 Location, Extent and Physical Features of India (Through Map Only)

ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 3 Location, Extent and Physical Features of India (Through Map Only)

Question 1.
On the outline map of India :
(a) Mark the following mountains : Himalayas, Aravali, Garo, Khasi, Jayantia, Vindhya, Satpura, Eastern and Western Ghats, K2, Kanchenjunga.
(b) Mark the rivers: Indus, Ravi, Betwa, Son, Gomti, Mahanadi, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapi, Krishna, Kaveri, Turgabhadra and Godavari,
(c) Mark and name the Plains, plateaus and Coastal plains, as given in the map syllabus.
Answer:

Question 2.
On an outline map of India:
(i) Mark and name the Tropic of Cancer.
(ii) Mark and name the Standard Meridian of India.
(iii) On a political map of India, mark the 29 states and name their capitals.
(iv) Mark and name the Union Territories of India.
(v) Mark and name the National Capital Territory (NCR) of India.
Answer:

I. Fill in the blanks :
1. The central Himalayas are located in ……………,……….. and ………………….
Answer:
The central Himalayas are located in Uttarakhand,Uttar Pradesh and Nepal.

2. The west coast of India is called the …………… coast in Maharashtra; ……………. coast in Karnataka and Malabar coast in Kerala.
Answer:
The west coast of India is called the Konkan coast in Maharashtra; the Kanara coast in Karnataka and Malabar coast in Kerala.

3. The river Brahmaputra is called ……………… in Tibet.
Answer:
The river Brahmaputra is called Tsang-po in Tibet.

4. The Son is a tributary of the ………………….
Answer:
The Son is a tributary of the Ganga.

5. ……………. (India) are a southward extension of the Arakan Yoma of ………………
Answer:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a southward extension of the Arakan Yoma of Myanmar.

6. The tetrai region lies in ……………..
Answer:
The tetrai region lies in the South of Bhabar plains.

II. Match the items in column A with the appropriate items in Column B.

Column A	Column B
(1) Garo and Khasi Hills	(a) Average elevation less than 1200m
(2) Kanchenjunga	(b) Ancient trade route to India
(3) Lake Pulicat	(c) Saltwater lake
(4) Sambhar Lake	(d) Highest peak in India
(5) Himachal	(e) Average elevation 6000m
(6) Himadri	(f) Between Himachal and Shiwaliks
(7) Shiwaliks	(g) Andhra Pradesh
(8) Gomal pass	(h) Western Himalayas
(9) Doons	(i) Purvanchal Hills
(10) Pir Panjal, Dhaula Dhar	(j) Average elevation 4500m

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(1) Garo and Khasi Hills	(i) Purvanchal Hills
(2) Kanchenjunga	(d) Highest peak in India
(3) Lake Pulicat	(g) Andhra Pradesh
(4) Sambhar Lake	(c) Saltwater lake
(5) Himachal	(j) Average elevation 4500men
(6) Himadri	(e) Average elevation 6000m
(7) Shiwaliks	(a) Average elevation less than 1200m
(8) Gomal pass	(b) Ancient trade route to India
(9) Doons	(f) Between Himachal and Shiwaliks
(10) Pir Panjal, Dhaula Dhar	(h) Western Himalayas

III. Give reasons :
Question 1.
The Ganga is navigable from its mouth right up to Allahabad.
Answer:
The Ganga rises from the Gangotri glacier of the Great Himalayas. The tributaries of the river Ganga j oin it in its course through northern plains. The main right bank tributary Yamuna joins it at Allahabad, Hence, it is navigable from its mouth right up to Allahabad.

Question 2.
The rivers of south India are less suitable for irrigation than the rivers of north India.
Answer:
The rivers of south India are non-perennial, as been fed by rainwater and so they dry up after rainy seasons, while the rivers of north India are perennial been fed by glaciers. Therefore, the rivers of south India are less suitable for the irrigational purpose throughout the year, than the rivers of north India.

Question 3.
The Peninsular rivers are not navigable.
Answer:
The Peninsular rivers are marked by a number of waterfalls which are being harnessed for the production of hydroelectricity. These rivers have also been impounded for irrigation and hydroelectric power. Hence, they are not navigable.

Question 4.
The Peninsular Plateau of India is considered to be a part of Gondwanaland which was been dissected form each other hundreds of million years ago.
Answer:
The Peninsular Plateau of India is considered to be a part of Gondwana land before hundreds of millions ago, because the rocks that constitute the Plateau are identical to those of Africa in respect of the type age and the layer sequence. Africa was considered also to be another part of Gondwana land.

Question 5.
The deltas on the east coast are not suitable for harbours.
Answer:
The deltas on the east coast are not suitable for harbours because their mouths are full of silt.

Question 6.
The Narmada and Tapi do not form deltas.
Answer:
The Narmada and Tapi rivers have a short upper course (or mountain stage), so they do not carry enough sediment to form the deltas in their lower course.

Question 7.
Less land is available for agriculture on the West coast than on the East coast.
Answer:
On the western coast, there are less rivers than the eastern coast, outstanding to the sea, and furthermore only the two rivers, Narmada and Tapi, have no delta at their meeting point to the sea at the western coast.

On the contrary, towards the eastern side, there are a number of rivers, like, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri and Mahanadi having the delta as well as a great extent of alluvial formation at their meeting points with the sea. For that reasons on the western coast, just besides of the Western ghats mountains the narrow coast land has been formed; and on the eastern side, the rivers; formed alluvial plains have been widen up at the eastern side of the discontinued and lower Eastern ghats.

Question 8.
The Brhamaputra is a braided river.
Answer:
The Brahmaputra carries a lot of sediment during its long upper course. It so deposits these sediments in its river channel during its middle course due to which it split into two or more channels forming various islands in its course. Therefore, the Brahmaputra is said to be a braided river.

Question 9.
Access through the Western Ghats is difficult.
Answer:
Access through the Western Ghats is difficult because the hills use to rise steeply form the coastal plain.

Question 10.
The Peninsular Plateau of India is rich in mineral resources.
Answer:
The Peninsular Plateau of India is rich in mineral resources as it is made up of hard and crystalline igneous rocks.

Question 11.
The Western Ghats are covered by thick evergreen forests while the Eastern Ghats are covered by deciduous type forests.
Answer:
The Western Ghats, having more altitude than the Eastern ghats, are standing on the wind ward side to the monsoons, and consequently gets a considered amount of rainfall, which causes of the thicker evergreen forests. But the eastern sides does not get the great content of rainfall as it is not having the comparable higher altitude to winder the south-west monsoon.

Only the retreating north-east monsoon cause a meagre quantity of rainfall as it contains the lesser water-vapour than its southwest counterpart. So, the eastern coast is mainly covered with deciduous type of forests. It is well known that heavier rainfall will cause move evergreen forests rather than the deciduous type of forests.

Question 12.
The Northern Plains of India are one of the most densely populated regions of the world.
Answer:
The Northern Plains of India are a rich agricultural land owing to their fertile soil and assured water sources. That is why the Northern Plains of India are one of the most densely populated regions of the world.

Question 13.
The Deccan Plateau is an example of a dissected plateau.
Answer:
The Deccan Plateau is deeply dissected as it is cut by different river valleys.

IV. Distinguish between:
Question 1.
The Eastern Coastal Plains and the Western Coastal Plains.
Answer:
The Eastern Coastal Plains and the Western Coastal Plains:

The Eastern Coastal Plains	The Western Coastal Plains
(i) The Eastern Coastal Plains lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal.	The Western Coastal Plains lies between the Western Ghats and Arabian sea.
(ii) There is a few of natural ports in this region.	There are a number of natural ports in this region.
(iii) It is drained by several large rivers which form deltas at the coastal line.	It is drained by the short streams which do not form deltas at sea.
(iv) It has an average width of 80km to 100 km.	It has a narrower spanning of 64 km in an average.

Question 2.
The plains of North India and the Coastal Plains.
Answer:

The Plains of North India	The Coastal Plains
(i) The plains of North India lie to the south of the Himalayas.	The Coastal Plains lie at the strips in the Southern India along the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea.
(ii)They contain rich agricultural lands because of the fertile soil and perennial rivers.	They are source of precious minerals.
(iii) They are being drained by perennial rivers.	They are being drained by non-perennial rivers.

Question 3.
Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats.
Answer:

Western Ghats	Eastern Ghats
(i) Average height is 1200 m and are lofty.	Average height is 450 m and are low hills.
(ii) Continuous chain of mountains.	Broken chain of mountains dissected by rivers.
(iii) Parallel to the west coast.	Parallel to the east coast.

Question 4.
Rivers of Northern India and rivers of Southern (Peninsular) India.
Answer:

Rivers of Northern India	Rivers of Peninsular India
(i) Rivers of the Northern India are usually fed by Glaciers.	Rivers of the Peninsular India are mainly fed by rain water.
(ii) They are mainly pereninal rivers e.g. Ganga, Brahmaputra and Indus.	They are mostly non-pereninal rivers, e.g. Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri etc.
(iii) They are prone to floods in the rainy season.	They are not prone to floods usually.
(iv) They are suitable for navigation as they flow gently in the plains.	They are not suitable for navigation as they flows swiftly over the plateaus and highlands.

V. Short Answer Questions :
Question 1.
Which are the three main rivers of the Northern Plains?
Answer:
The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra are the three main rivers of the Northern Plains.

Question 2.
What kind of mountains are the Himalayas?
Answer:
The Himalayan mountain are made from the sediments at the floor of the sea. These mountain system is 160 to 320 km wide and extends 2400 km along the northern and eastern border of India. It includes the Karakoram Range, and the central and eastern Himalayas. Ancient geological forces moulded the Himalayas as the Indian Plate of the Earth’s crust under the Eurasian landmass uplift and push this northern most boundary of India higher and higher.

Question 3.
By what name are the offshoots of the Eastern Himalayas known?
Answer:
The Purvanchal Hills.

Question 4.
State how was the Northern Plains were formed?
Answer:
The rivers being originated from the Himalayas, such as the Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Indus and the various tributaries of them have made the entire Northern plains by their work of deposition of alluvial sediments.

Question 5.
Which stage is the longest for the river Brahmaputra?
Answer:
The river Brahmaputra is the longest in the mountain stage.

Question 6.
What is the implication of the above on the Brahmaputra basin?
Answer:
Owing to its long mountain stage, the Brahmaputra carries a lot of sediments and deposits in its middle course; thereby the river channel splits into two or more channels, forming the in-bound islands on the direction of the flow of the river.

Question 7.
Name the Plateau which lies between the Ghats of South India.
Answer:
The Deccan plateau lies between the Ghats of South India.

VI. Long Answer Questions:
Question 1.
(a) State the location of Rajasthan Plains.
Answer:
The Rajasthan Plains: Include the Marusthali or the Great Indian Desert. It is a sandy desert and is surrounded by the Sutlej in the north-west, the Aravalli range in the east, the Indus Valley in the west and the Rann of Kutch in the south. These plains extend over the north-west India (Rajasthan desert) and eastern Pakistan. They include the Rajasthan Bagar which is a semiarid plain in the eastern side of the desert.

(b) Explain why this is an area of inland drainage.
Answer:
There exists an area of inland drainage on the north of the Luni basin. This is because the rivers of the area do not have sufficient water to reach the sea and dry up or disappear into the sand. These plains are dotted with a number of salt lakes on the eastern edge of the desert, such as the Sambhar, Kuchaman and Didwana.

(c) Name one important:
(i) River:
(ii) Saltwater lake in this region.
Answer:

• River – Luni
• Saltwater lake in this region – Sambhar

Question 2.
With reference to the Peninsular Plateau, answer the following questions:
(a) Name two rivers that flow to the Arabian Sea.
(b) Name the four parts of the Peninsular Plateau of India.
(c) Name the landforms that form the boundaries of the Peninsular Plateau.
Answer:
(a) Two river that flow to the Arabian sea are:

1. Narmada and
2. Tapi

(b) The four parts of the Peninsular Plateau of India are as follows:

• The Eastern Plateau,
• The Central Plateau,
• The Deccan Plateau, and
• The Kathiawar and Kutch region.

(c) The landforms that form the boundaries of the Peninsular Plateau are as follows:

• The Eastern Ghats,
• The Western Ghats,
• The Vindhya Range,
• The Satpura Range and
• The Aravalis mountains.

Question 3.
With reference to the Gangetic Plain, answer the following:
(a) List the left bank tributaries of the Ganga.
(b) Trace the course of the river from its source to its mouth.
(c) Why is it a perennial river?
(d) Name four towns set up the course of the Ganga or its tributaries.
Answer:
(a) The left bank tributaries of the Ganga are:

• Kosi,
• Gandak,
• Gomtiand
• Ghaghara.

(b) The river Bhagirathi originates from the Gangotri Glacier at Gaumukh. Further, the River Alaknanda been originated from the Alakapuri Glacier joins the River Bhagirathi to form the River Ganga and flows towards west. After 30 km from the meeting point, it turns, south crossing over the Siwaliks and enters the Northern plains at Haridwar and proceeds in the south-westerly direction.

During its course throughout the northern plains several tributaries join the River Ganga. These tributaries are Yamuna, Kosi, Gandhak, Gomti, Ghaghara, Son and Damodar. Flowing along the eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau, the Ganga enters Bengal. Here, the main branch named ‘Padma’ has been departed from Ganga and flowing towards east it enters Bangladesh. The remaining branch named as ‘ Bhagirathi’; flows towards the south and finally meets with the Bay of Bengal.

(c) The Ganga is been sourced from the Gangotri Glacier and such a way, it has been fed by ice melt water resources throughout the year. For that reason it is a perennial river.

(d) Four towns set up on the course of the Ganga or its tributaries are as follows:

1. Haridwar – at the bank of Ganga.
2. Allahabad-at the meeting point of Ganga and Yamuna.
3. Lucknow-at the bank of Gomti, a tributary of Ganga.
4. Patna-at the bank of Ganga.

Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 ICSE Geography Solutions