ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank Chapter 2 Interpretation of Topographical Maps 2

ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank Chapter 2 Interpretation of Topographical Maps 2

 Questions Based on Contours

I. Give the terms used in contours for each of the following:

Question 1.
A number preceded by a dot.
Answer:
Spot height

Question 2.
The numerical difference between two contour lines.
Answer:
Vertical Interval or V.I.

Question 3.
A number preceded by a triangle.
Answer:
A triangulation point.

Question 4.
The difference between maximum and minimum height in areas of steep slope.
Answer:
RelativeHeight(‘r’)

Question 5.
The accurate height of some point marked above the ground.
Answer:
Spot Height

II. Describe the following terms:

Questions 1.
Contour Interval
Answer:
Contour Interval-
Contour interval means the difference of height between two consecutive contours. In fig. one thick contour shows the height 300 metres and the next thin contour depicts the height of 320 metres. The contour interval is 20 metres.

Question 2.
Vertical Interval
Answer:
Vertical Interval (V.I.):
The vertical distance between any two contour lines is called Vertical Interval (V.I.).

Question 3.
Horizontal Equivalent
Answer:
Horizontal Equivalent (H.E.):
The actual distance between two points on two contour-lines is called Horizontal Equivalent (H.E.).

Question 4.
Gradient
Answer:
Gradient:
The ratio between the vertical height and the horizontal distance of a slope of land measured along the ground is called Gradient (G).

III. Explain how would you distinguish between the following on the basis of contours:

Question 1.
Gentle Slope and Steep Slope
Answer:
Gentle Slope and Steep Slope:

Gentle Slope	Steep Slope
In such a slope, the change of elevation is gradual. Normally about 1:25 gradient is called a gentle slope. The contours in such a slope are placed wide apart.	When the land suddenly slopes up or down, it is known as a steep slope. In a steep slope the contours are drawn close to one another.

Question 2.
Scarp and Dip
Answer:
Scarp and Dip:

Dip	Scarp
(i) A dip has a narrow top with a gentle slope.	A scarp has a narrow top with a steep slope.
(ii) The contour lines are spreaded far apart.	The contour lines get more closer.
(iii) It has a gradient of about 1:12.	It has a gradient of 1 : 3

Question 3.
Ridge and Water Divide
Answer:
Ridge and Water Divide:
Ridge :
It is a long and narrow highland sloping steeply downwards on its sides. It has a number of summits. It is a ridge, which separates the tributaries draining towards one side of it from those draining towards the other.
Contours showing a ridge are elongated and are closely spaced.
Somethings there occur peaks and passes across a ridge.

Water Divide:
Aline which separates two adjacent drainage basins is known as water divide. It resembles the shape of a ridge on both sides of which a number of streams flow. On the two sides of the watershed or water divide the slopes must be opposite and downwards. The side on which the ridge is steeper, the contours are drawn closely together, whereas the side on which the ridge is gentle, the contours are drawn far apart.

IV. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is a ‘Contour’?
Answer:
The imaginary lines which are drawn on a map to joining places having the same height above the sea level.

Question 2.
Give two points of difference between Bench Mark and Spot Height.
Answer:
Bench marks:
The marks inscribed on a stone or been shown on a building to mainifest the exact height being determined through surveys. Where as:
Spot Height is represented only by a small dot and the height in metres e.g. 150 m.

Question 3.
What do you understand by V.I. and H.E.?
Answer:
Vertical Interval (V.I.):
The vertical distance between any two contour lines is called Vertical Interval (V.I.).
Horizontal Equivalent (H.E.):
The actual distance between two points on two contour-lines is called Horizontal Equivalent (H.E.).

Question 4.
What advantages do contours have over hill shading and hachuring?
Answer:
Hill shading and hachuring only give an impression of the slope but do not indicate the heights of the land above sea level, whereas the contours show both impression of the slope as well as the heights of the land above the sea level.

Question 5.
Why two contours never intersect each other?
Answer:
The two contours never intersect each other because of the elevation of the land and as well as for its relief feature. Although it may happen only in the case of very steep cliff, which is a rare landscape.

V. Structured Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by relief? State the three methods used to show the earth’s relief features.
Answer:
Relief refers to actual configuration of land which includes its altitude and slope. The relief features found on the earth’s surface include mountains, valleys, hills, plains and plateaus. All these features have three dimensions, namely length, breadth and height. But the map on which they are shown represent only two dimensions, i.e., length and breadth.
To show the earth’s relief features. The principal methods used are hachures, hill shading, form-lines and contours.

Hachures –
These are short disconnected lines which follow the direction of the slope. In fact, hachures portray the direction in which water would flow down the slope over the surface, if allowed to flow freely.

Hill Shading:
In hill shading method, the relief of an area is shown by light and shadow effect’ i. e., it is based on the assumption that when a source of light like a big lamp is used to illuminate the relief model of the concerned area, shadows of landforms are obtained.

Form-lines:
Form-lines are broken contour lines joining places with same height above the sea level. They represent only the general pattern of the ground and give no idea about definite heights. This method is resorted to when relief of an area is complicated and accurate data is not available.

Question 2.
What do the contour lines represent? How do contour lines show different slopes of land?
Answer:
Contour lines are imaginary lines joining places which have the same height above mean sea level.
The contour lines are shown by brown colour in two ways:
(i) thick brown lines; and
(ii) thin brown lines.

Contour lines show:
(a) Elevation of land :
The height of a contour is indicated by figures inserted in a break in the line.

(b) Steepness of its slope :
When the contours are very close, they represent steep slopes. When they are farther apart, they represent gradually increasing slopes. Absence of contour lines indicates that the land is flat i.e., a low land.

(c) Shape of land at various heights:
The contour lines indicate the shape of land. For example, almost circular contours whose value decreases inside represent a lake.

Questions Based on Scales and Directions

I. Short Answer Questions:

Question 1.
How is a direction shown on a map?
Answer:
Direction is shown on a map by a system of angular bearing which is the horizontal angle between the North-South line and the line that joins the position of the observer and the object in a clockwise direction.

Question 2.
What do you mean by R.F.?
Answer:
The ratio between the unit distance on the map and the corresponding unit distance on the ground is called Representative Fraction (R.F.).

Question 3.
What are the advantages of R.F.?
Answer:
The advantages of the Representative Fraction are that any unit of distance may be adopted and it can be applied universally.

Question 4.
Explain Magnetic declination with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
The angular distance between True North and Magnetic Norths called Magnetic Declination. In most large scale maps it is represented by two arrows arising from a common point- one indicates True North while the other explores Magnetic North and the angle between those is the Magnetic Declination.

Question 5.
Why are ‘True North’ and ‘Grid North’ different?
Answer:
Semi-circular lines of longitude are assumed to be straight when they are represented in maps. The North so represented is Grid North. It differs from True North due to the spherical shape of the earth.

Question 6.
Convert the following numerical scale (R.F.) in to statement scales :
(i) 1:1,000
(ii) 1: 50,000
(iii) 1: 5,00,000
Answer:
(i) 1 :1,000
Numerical scale (R.F.) = Distance on the map
Distance on the ground =1/1,000 = 1 cm to 1,000 cm
Since, 1km = 1,00,000 cm Or 1 × 100 cm = 1,000 × 100 cm 100 cm to 1 km
Thus, statement scale is 100 cm to 1 km.

(ii) 1:50,000
Numerical scale (R.F.) = Distance on the map
Distance on the ground = 1 / 50,000 = 1 cm to 50,000 cm
Since, 1km =1,00,000 cm
Or
1 × 2 cm = 50,000 × 2 cm
2 cm = 1,00,000 cm
2 cm to 1 km
Thus, statement scale is 2 cm to 1 km.

(iii) 1 :5,00,000
Numerical scale (R.F.) = Distance on the map
Distance on the ground = 1 / 5,00,000
= 1 cm to 5,00,000 cm
Since, 1km =1,00,000 cm
1 cm to 5 km
Thus, statement scale is 1 cm to 5 km.

Question 7.
Convert the following into numerical scales (R.F.)?
(a) 10 cm to kilometre
(b) 20 kilometres to a centimetre.
(c) 2 cm to 5 km
(d) 6 inch to 1 mile
(e) 1 inch to 2 1/2 miles
(f) 7cm to 6.3 km
Answer:
(a) 10 cm to 1km
As, 1 km = 1,00,000 cm
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in cm)
Distance on the ground (in cm)
R.F. =10/1,00,000=1/10,000
Thus, the numerical scale (R.F.) is 1:10,000

(b) (1 centimeteres to 20 kilometere)
As, 1 km = 1,00,000 cm
20 km = 1,00,000 × 20 cm
= 20,00,000 cm
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in cm)
Distance on the ground (in cm)
R.F. = 1/20,00,000
Thus, the numerical scale (R.F.) is 1:20,00,000.

(c) 2 cm to 5 km
As, 1km =1,00,000 cm
5 km = 1,00,000 × 5cm
= 5,00,000 cm
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in cm)
Distance on the ground (in cm)
R.F. = 2/ 5,00,000 = 1/ 2,50,000
Thus, the numerical scale (R.F.) is 1:2,50,000

(d) 6 inch to 1 mile
We know that,1 mile = 63,360 inches
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in inch)
Distance on the ground (in inch)
R.F. =6/63,360= 1/ 10,560
Thus the numerical scale (R.F.) is 1:10,560

(e) 1 inch to 2 1/2 mile
As, 1 mile = 63,360 inches
We know that 2 1/2 miles = 63,360 × 2.5 inches = 1,58,400 inches
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in inch)
Distance on the ground (in inch)
R.F. = 1/1,58,400
Thus, the numerical scale (R.F.) is 1:1,58,400

(f) 7 cm to 6.3 km
As, 1 km = 1,00,000 cm
6.3 km = 1,00,000 × 6.3cm
= 6,30,000 cm Since,
R.F. = Distance on the map (in cm)
Distance on the ground (in cm)
R.F. =7/6,30,000= 1/90,000
Thus, the numerical scale (R.F.) is 1:90,000

II. Distinguish between:

Question (a)
Statement Scale and Graphic Scale.
Answer:
(i) A statement scale :
in this method, scale is stated in words or we make a statement about it: e.g., 1 cm. to 1 km 1 inch to 5 miles.
The value on the left hand side usually represents the map- distance. This method is not suitable, as we require to know the units of measurements in different countries.

(ii) Liner or Graphic Scale :
In this method, the scale is represented by a straight line divided into equal parts (primary and secondary) to show what these markings represents on the actual ground. The Primary Divisions are the Major Divisions on the scale graduated from left to right. The Secondary Divisions are smaller units grauduated from right to left on one primary division.

Question (b)
True North and Magnetic North.
Answer:
The True North is the direction indicated by the North Star, while the Magnetic North is the direction pointed by the needle of a Magnetic Compass.

III. Long answer questions:

Question 1.
With regard to scale, answer the following questions :
(i) Name the main methods of representing the scale of a map.
(ii) Convert the following statements into R.F.
(a) 25 cm on the map = 5 km on ground.
(b) 2 1/2 inches on the map = 5 miles on ground
(c) 7 cm on the map = 63000 metres on ground
(d) 5 cm = 500 metres
(e) 15 cm = 6 km. (f) 10 cm = 1 km.
(g) 12 cm = 72000 metres
Answer:
There are three main methods, of representing scale.
(i) A statement scale:
in this method, scale is stated in words or we make a statement about it: e.g.,
1 cm. to 1 km
1 inch to 5 miles.
The value on the left hand side usually represents the map- distance. This method is not suitable, as we require to know the units of measurements in different countries.

(ii) Liner or Graphic Scale :
In this method, the scale is represented by a straight line divided into equal parts (primary and secondary) to show what these markings represents on the actual ground. The Primary Divisions are the major divisions on the scale graduated from left to right. The Secondary Divisions are smaller units grauduated from right to left on one primary division.

(iii) Representative Fraction :
In this method, the scale is represented as the ratio of the length of a line on the map and the corresponding actual distance on earth’s surface. The numerator is always expressed as unity i.e., one unit map- distance is equivalent to a number of units of ground-distance. This fraction is called Representative Fraction.

(ii) (a) 25 cm on the map = 5 km on ground
As, 1 km = 1,00,000 cm
5 km = 1,00,000 x 5 cm
= 5,00,000 cm
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in cm)
Distance on the ground (in cm)
R.F. = 25/ 5,00,000 = 1/ 20,000
Thus, R.F. is 1 :20,000

(b) 2 1/2 inches on the map = 5 miles on ground
As, 1 mile = 63,360 inches
5 miles = 63,360 × 5 inches
= 3,16,800 inches
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in inch)
Distance on the ground (in inch)
R.F. =2.5/3,16,800=1/1,26,720
Thus, R.F. is 1:1,26,720

(c) 7 cm on the map = 63,000 metres on ground
As, 1 m= 100 cm
63,000 m= 100 × 63,000 cm
= 63,00,000 cm
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in inch)
Distance on tire ground (in inch)
R.F. = 7/63,00,000 = 1/ 9,00,000
Thus, R.F. is 1:9,00,000

(d) 5 cm =500 metres
As, 1 m= 100 cm
500 m = 100 × 500 cm
= 50,000 cm
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in cm)
Distance on the ground (in cm)
R.F. =5/50,000 = 1/10,000
Thus, R.F. is 1:10,000

(e) 15 cm =6 km
As, 1 km = 1,00,000 cm
6 km = 1,00,000 × 6 cm
= 6,00,000 cm
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in cm)
Distance on the ground (in cm)
R.F. = 15/6,00,00= 1/40,000
Thus, R.F. is 1:40,000

(f) 10 cm = 1 km
As, 1 km = 1,00,000 cm
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in cm)
Distance on the ground (in cm)
R.F. = 10/1,00,000 = 1/ 10,000
Thus, R.F. is 1:10,000

(g) 12 cm = 72,000 metres
As, lm= 100 cm
72,000 m= 100 × 72,000 cm
= 72,00,000 cm
Since, R.F. = Distance on the map (in cm)
Distance on the ground (in cm)
R.F. = 12/ 72,00,000 = 1/ 6,00,000
Thus, R.F. is 1: 6,00,000

Question 2.
Convert the following representative fractions into statements.
(i) 1: 63360 (to show miles).
(ii) 1:1000000 (to show kilometres).
(iii) 1:100 (to show metres).
(iv) 1:10 (to show metres).
(v) 1:200,000 (to show kilometres).
(vi) 1:50 (to show metres and centimetres).
Answer:
(i) 1 :63360 (to show miles)
R.F. 1 : 63360 means that one inch on the map represents 63360 inches on the ground;
as 63360 inches are equal to one mile,
So 1 inch= 1 mile
The statement is 1 inch= 1 mile.

(ii) 1:1,00,000 (to show kilometres)
Numerical scale (R.F.) = Distance on the map
Distance on the ground
= 1 /10,00,000
= 1 cm to 10,00,000 cm
Since, 1km =1,00,000 cm
Or 10 km = 10,00,000 cm
1 cm to 10 km
Thus, statement scale is 1 cm to 10 km.

(iii) 1:100( to show metres )
Numerical scale (R.F.) = Distance on the map
Distance on the ground
= 1/100
= 1 cm to 100 cm
Since, 1 m = 100 cm
1 cm to 1 m
Thus, statement scale is 1 cm to 1 m.

(iv) 1:10 (to show metres)
Numerical scale (R.F.) = Distance on the map
Distance on the ground
= 1/10
= 1 cm to 100 cm
Since, 1 m = 1,0000 cm
Or 10 m = 1,000 m
1 cm to 10 m
Thus, statement scale is 1 cm to 10 m.

(v) 1:2,00,000 (to show kilometres)
Numerical scale (R.F.) = Distance on the map
Distance on the ground
= 1 / 2,00,000
= 1 cm to 2,00,000 cm
Since, 1km =1,00,000 cm
or
2 km = 2,00,000 cm
1 cm to 2 km
Thus, statement scale is 1 cm to 2 km.

(vi) 1:50 (to show metres and centimetres)
Representative Fraction (R.F.) = Distance on the map
Distance on the ground
= 1 / 50
= 1 cm to 50 cm
= 2 cm to 100 cm
Since, 1m =100 cm
2 cm to 1 m
Or
1cm =50 cm
Thus, statement scale is 2 cm to 1 m
Or
1 cm to 50 cm.

Question 3.
Draw linear scales and mark the following distances on them.
(i) 1 cm = 1 km (9 km)
(ii) 1 cm = 100 km (1100 ) km
(iii) 1: 5,00,000 (13 km)
(iv) 1: 20,000 (250 metres)
Answer:
(i) 1 cm = 1 km (showing 9 km)

(ii) 1 cm =100 km (showing 1100) km

(iii) 1:5,00,000 (showing 13 km)

R.F =1/5,00,000
Or scale is 1 cm = 5 km (1 km =1,0,0000 cm)

(iv) 1:20,000 (showing 250 metre)

R.F. = 1/20,000
Or Scale is 1 cm – 200 km

Question 4.
The distance between New Delhi Station and Safdarjang Enclave bus stop is 20 km. On the map of Delhi it has been shown by a line of 3.5 cm. Draw the linear scale of the map and calculate the R.F.
Answer:
The scale is 3.5 cm = 20 km
= 20 × 100000 cm
i. e. 35 cm = 20,00,000
= 20,00,000 cm
1 cm = 20000000/35 = 57142.8
1 cm = 571423 cm nearly
i. e. 1 cm = 5.7 km
R.F. = 1 : 571423

Question 5.
On the map of India the cartographer forgot to draw the scale of the map. The student who knows the distance between Merrut and Delhi (70 km), was asked to complete the scale. How will the student draw the scale if he measures the distance between Delhi and Meerut on the map to be 5 cm? Give the procedure draw the scale and find out the R.F.
Answer:
The distance on the map of 5 cm is equal to the distance of 70 km on the ground
So, 5 cm = 70 km 70
1 cm = \(\frac{70}{5}\) = 14 km
i.e. 1 cm 1400000 cm
The scale is 1 cm = 14 cm
R.F. = 1 :1400000

Question 7.
The map given above depicts the houses of four friends A, B, C and D. Find the distances using the main road and the kucha road to answer the following questions.
Answer:
The scale 1 cm= 10,000 cm
1cm = \(\frac{10000}{100000}\) km \(\frac{1}{10}\) km =0.1 km
or 1 cm =100 metres

(a) Which child would reach school first, if all A, B, C leave their house at the same time?
Answer:
C will reach the school first.

(b) How far must D walk to reach the village well?
Answer:
By measuring with the help of the thread the distance between D and the village well is 12 cm. So if 1 cm is equal to 100 metres, then 12 cm will be equal to 1200 metres. So D has to walk 1200 metres to reach the village well.

(c) How far is B’s house from the bus depot?
Answer:
With the help of the thread the distance between Bus depot and B’s house is 12 cm.
So it is 1200 metres far from B’s house.

(d) How much distance will C have to walk to reach the railway station?
Answer:
By thread the distance is 9 cm.
So the distance between C and Railway station is 9 × 100 = 900 metres.

(e) In what direction is C’s house from D.
Answer:
C’s house is in the north-western direction from D.

Questions Based on Map Reading & Interpretation

Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
State what is indicated by the following symbols about the land use.
(a) Tanks and canals
(b) Open scrub
(c) Stony waste
Answer:
(a) It depicts a developed agricultural land with irrigation facilities due to presence of tanks and canals.
(b) It shows grazing land or pasture land.
(c) It shows uncultivated land due to unsuitable stony land.

Question 2.
Where are the thickly settled areas located in a village.
Answer:
Thickly populated areas are located near the river valleys and by the side of roads due to the facilities of water and transport.

Question 3.
What does a dendritic drainage pattern indicate about the land?
Answer:
A dendritic pattern of drainage like the branches of a tree denotes the soft soil area which has been easily channelised by a river and its tributaries.

Question 4.
How can the climate of a place be inferred from the topo-sheet?
Answer:
Topo-sheets do not provide any direct information about the climate of a place such as rainfall, temperature and humidity. But this can be inferred from the latitudinal extent of the area covered by the topo-sheet and the type of vegetation found there. For example, the climate of a place at 10°N latitude would be warmer than the place at 3 5 °N latitude.

Question 5.
What are the factors that affect settlements in an area?
Answer:
(a) The relief and climate of the area:
Settlements are not found in steep hill sides or marshy lands or areas that become waterlogged. People tend to settle where the land is flat and arable.

(b) Security:
In order to have security for people and property, settlements usually develop on higher ground to avoid flooding. The settlement may grow in a place which has a strategic position as a defence centre. The settlement could be a result of the advantage of protecting people and property from enemies and controlling access to important passes, harbours and factories.

(c) Availability of transport and communication:
Towns and villages develop where roads, rivers, railways, etc., help in transport and trade. Ports develop at mouths of rivers, which are also connected by roads and railways.

(d) Centrally located settlement:
A settlement may develop if it is centrally located with regard to other settlements (villages). It becomes the administrative as well as the trade centre for the other settlements around it. Many small towns and villages in India hold markets and fairs (melas) for this purpose.

(e) The availability of water and land for cultivation and other purposes.

(f) The potential for mining and industry.

II Match the following:

Evidences	Occupations
1. Settlement near the main road	(a) Agriculture
2. Parks	(b) Forestry
3. Coast, Lakes	(c) Cattle grazing
4. Yellow patch	(d) Fishery
5. Meadows	(e) Entertainment
6. Green patch	(f) Trade

Answer:

Evidences	Occupations
1. Settlement near the main road	(f) Trade
2. Parks	(e) Entertainment
3. Coast, Lakes	(d) Fishery
4. Yellow patch	(a) Agriculture
5. Meadows	(c) Cattle grazing
6. Green patch	(b) Forestry

III. What do the following diagrams indicate? Write short notes on the features as indicated by each diagram.

Answer:
(i) First diagram indicates dispersed or scattered settlements. These settlements are found in the areas of sparse population, sheltered valleys or at foot hills. Here buildings are far away from each other. They are almost isolated. There are large farmhouses.

(ii) Second diagram displays nucleated settlements, a dense settlement on the both sides of Kutcha roads in which farms and other buildings are clustered together, often around some central feature like a church or temple or police chowki, post office etc. Some of the factors which encourage nucleated or compact sites include the need for defence, the availability of water supply at particular locations and the development of modem means of transport.

Questions Based Map Reading Practice

Question 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/ 7 and answer the following questions:

(a) Give the six-figure grid reference of:
(i) Triangulated height 225;
Answer:
876950

(ii) A lined well near Ganguwada.
Answer:
915967

(b) Name the most important perennial source of irrigation shown on the map extract.
Answer:
Lines Well.

(c) (i) What does 6r in the grid square 8495 means?
Answer:
Relative height of the sand-dune is 6m.

(ii) What do you mean by 20r in the grid square 8994?
Answer:
Relative depth of the well is 20 m.

(d) Give two points in evidence to show that the region in the map extract has seasonal rainfall.
Answer:

• There are a large number of the dry streams, open scrubs, broken ground, dry tank, etc.
• Open scrub indicates scattered small or stunted trees and its presence show moderate or low rainfall in the season.

(e) (i) What does the blue line in the Varka N indicate?
Answer:
River with a small stream of water.

(ii) What is the general direction of the Varka N?
Answer:
South east to west.

(f) (i) What is the meaning of 1 : 50,000 printed below the map extract?
Answer:
1 unit on the map is equal to 50,000 units on the ground. The meaning of 1:50,000 is the ratio between the distance showen on the map and the actual distance on the ground.

(ii) Calculate the distance in km along the cart track between Jegal in the grid square 8590 and Odhava in the grid square 8892.
Answer:
Distance is 3.6 km.

(g) Which part of the map is more developed in agricultural occupation? Give a reason for your answer.
Answer:
Southwestern part because of less scrubs and large number of wells.

(h) (i) Give the four figure grid reference of confluence of Sipu river and Varka N.
(ii) Name two types of vegetation in the given map extract.
Answer:
8392.
(i) Open mixed jungle, open scrub and open jungle.
(ii) Dendritic.

(i) What is the pattern of drainage in the grid square 8599?
(j) (i) How many types of tracks are shown in the map extract? Name them.
Answer:
Cart track and pack track.

(ii) What is the common mode of transportation in the southern part of this map?
Answer:
Carts.

(k) What is the general pattern of settlement? Why?
Answer:
Clustered or nucleated settlement, because of large cultivated land and availability of water easily connected with other villages through the cart tracks.

Question 2.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45/D 10 (Map C given at the end of the book) and answer the following questions:
(a) Give the meaning of the conventional symbols printed on the map of the following six figure grid references:
(i) 197036
Answer:
197036-6r-relative height of the embankment.

(ii) 191116(2)
Answer:
191116-A Temple.

(b) Give the four figure grid reference of one prominent example of each of the following:
(i) Pipe Line in the North Eastern part of the map.
Answer:
2209.
(ii) Rock Outcrop, in the Sourth Western part of the map.
Answer:
1402.

(c) What is the compass direction of Bageri, 2002 from Hanumanji ka Mandir, 2208?
Answer:
Southwest.

(d) Name the type of drainage pattern found in grid square 2209.
Answer:
Trellised.

(e) What are the brown lines covering most of the map extract called? What do these brown lines indicate?
Answer:
Contours. They indicate height/hilly terrain.

(f) What do the words “falls 25 m” in grid square 2307 means?

Answer:
It means there is waterfall which falls from 25m or the height of waterfall is 25m above the sea level.

(g) (i) What would be the main source of water supply for Mt. Abu?
Answer:
Nakhi Talao or Kodra reservoir is the main source of water supply for Mt. Abu.

(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
Answer:
Perennial source of water around which the settlement has come-up, is indicated by the blue colour of the Talao.

(h) There are no roads connecting Mt. Abu to the settlements in the South West. Why?
Answer:
There are no roads connecting Mt Abu to the settlements in the South west because middle part of the region is a high hilly area shown by brown lines, where construction of roads is not possible.

(i) Calculate the area of land enclosed within Eastings 17 and 21 and Northings 05 and 09.
Answer:
16 km².

(j) Comment on the nature of the well in grid square 1906.
Answer:
Water of well is Brackish or salty which is not suitable for drinking and agriculture.

(k) Name any two types of forested regions mentioned in the map extract.
Answer:
Fairly dense mixed jungle and Dense mixed jungle with bamboo.

(l) Give in kilometres the length of the entire region depicted on the map from North to South. Show your working.
Answer:
Length is 10 cm. and the Scale of the map is 1 cm = 0.5 km
∴ 10 cm = 0.5 ×10 = 5 km

(m) What is the settlement pattern of the largest town on the map extract supplied to you?
Answer:
Nucleated/Nodal.

(n) Describe the nature of roads connecting Gautam Maharishi Mandi 2007 and Shri Vashist Ashram 2207.
Answer:
FootPath.

Question 3.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45 D/7 and answer the following questions:
(a) Give the six-figure grid reference of:
(i) ∆ 592
Answer:
928890

(ii) The temple where the Annual Fair is held in the month of February.
Answer:
912883

(b) (i) State the general direction of Arado N.
Answer:
North to south.

(ii) What does the blue line in AradoN indicate?
Answer:
Perennial Channel.

(c) Calculate the distance in kilometres along the cart track between Velavas (868895) and Ranol (883888).
Answer:
2.5 kms.

(d) (i) What does 7r in grid square 8689 indicate?
Answer:
Relative height

(ii) State the main source of irrigation at Dhariawada (Fatepura).
Answer:
Wells.

(e) What type of rainfall is experienced in the region shown in the map extract? Justify your answer giving one reason.
Answer:
Seasonal rainfall as cart tracks are running right across the river which indicates that the bed of the river is dry and can be crossed by the bullock carts during the dry season.

(f) Name and explain the term used for the brown lines in the map extract.
Answer:
Contour lines. They are imaginary lines joining two places of same height above sea level.

(g) Name any two types of vegetation found in the map extract. Give a four figure grid reference for each.
Answer:

• Open mixed jungle (9187).
• Open jungle (8600).

(h) (i) What is the main relief feature seen in grid square 9284?
Answer:
Conical hill.

(ii) Which prominent feature can be seen in the river bed, grid reference 9380?
Answer:
Island.

(i) State the pattern of:
(i) Human settlement in grid square 8989 and
Answer:
(i) Linear settlement.

(ii) Drainage in grid square 9185
Answer:
Radial Drainage pattern.

(j) What inference can be drawn about the general occupation of the people of the region shown in the western half of the map extract? Give one reason to justify your answer.
Answer:
The general occupation is agriculture since most of the part is cultivated as indicated by yellow wash.

Question 4.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45 D/ 7 and answer the following questions:
(a) (i) What is the brown line in grid square 1516 called?
Answer:
The brown line in grid square 1516 is called contour line.

(ii) What does the figure written along this line indicate?
Answer:
The figure 280 represents that the height of this contour line above sea level is 280 metres.

(b) Mention two main modes of transport used by the people in the area shown in the map extract.
Answer:
Two main modes of transport are metalled roads and cart tracks.

(c) On which bank ofSipu Nadi is the village Gulabganj (1920) situated? Where does the village get it supply of water from throughout the year?
Answer:
Gulabganj is situated on the left bank of the SipuNadi. This village get its supply of water throughout the year from perennial lined wells.

(d) What is meant by the term Fire Line? Account for the necessity of Fire Lines in the jungle area of the given map extract.
Answer:
Fire line is a clearing made in the forest to prevent the spread of forest fires.
Fire lines are necessary in the forests as forests are susceptible to fires in hot dry season. These fire lines prevent the spread of the fire to other areas.

(e) What is the nature of the canal shown in the map extract? Measure in kilometres, the total length of the canal.
Answer:
The nature of canal shown is perennial in nature. The total length of the canal is 5.7 km.

(f) In what way does the pattern of drainage in grid square 2118 differ from that in grid square 2114?
Answer:
In grid 2118, the drainage pattern is radial but in grid 2114, the drainage pattern is dendritic.

(g) Which is the most important settlement in the map extract? Give one reason to support your answer.
Answer:
Anadra is the most important settlement in the map extract. This is because it has many facilities like Police Chauki which other settlements do not have.

(h) (i) State the compass direction of Udwariya (2423) from Gulabganj (1920).
Answer:
The direction of Udwariya from Gulabganj is North East.

(ii) Mention one striking difference between these two settlements.

Answer:
Udwariya is a linear/ribboned settlement but Gulabganj is compact or nucleated settlement.

Question 5.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/ 10 and answer the following questions:
(a) Give the six figure grid reference of :-
(i) The temple in village Dhavli
Answer:
The six -figure grid reference of the temple in village Dhavli is 111073.
Note : [There are two temples in Dhalvi (i) 111073 (ii) 107077 (across the river)]

(ii) Δ 480
Answer:
(ii) For the A 480 is 137046.

(b) What do the following indicate?
(i) 4r in grid square 1903
Answer:
The relative height of dry tank is 4 meter.

(ii) The word Brackish in grid square 1403.
Answer:
A saline water, not fit for human or animal consumption. It can also be unfit for cultivation being salty or brackish.

(c) (i) In grid square 1909, several contours merge at one point. What does this represent?
Answer:
Steep slop or sudden fall of water.

(ii) State the significance of the red dotted lines in the map extract.
Answer:
This is a pack-track used by the pack animals.

(d) Name the type of rainfall experienced in the region shown in the map extract. Give a reason to support your answer.
Answer:
Season rainfall, because of presence of dry tanks and seasonal streams.

(e) How does the drainage pattern in grid square 1606 differ from the drainage pattern in grid square 1708?
Answer:
In grid square 1606 the drainage pattern is radial as numerious streams emerges from central highland and in grid square 1708 it is trellis, streams joining the river by making right angle.

(f) (i) What is the pattern of settlement in grid square 1904?
Answer:
Scattered type of settlement.

(ii) Name the settlement that has a post office.
Answer:
Settlement Dattani.

(g) Name two land forms represented by the pattern of contours in grid square 1608.
Answer:
Two landforms represented by the pattern of contours in grid square 1608 are hilly ridge (scarped ridge) on the western side and plateau type features on southern side.

(h) Calculate the ground distance in kilometres along the metalled road between the causeway in 1502 and the distance stone marked ‘ 14’ in grid square 1203.
Answer:
The distance is 4 km.

(i) State two reasons for the absence of human habitation in the northeastern region of the map extract.
Answer:

• Hilly terrain
• Numerious streams.

(j) (i) Mention the difference in height between the highest spot height in the map extract and the contour height in grid square 1006.
Answer:
The difference in height is 763 meter.

(ii) What is the compass direction of Patlawa ka Goliya (590) from Kacholi Dungar (443)?
Answer:
North-East

Section B
Map of India

Question 1.
On the outline map of India, mark and name the following:
(a) Eastern and Western Ghats
(b) Indo-Gangetic plains
(c) Gulf of Khambhat
(d) Nathu-La Pass (e) Tropic of Cancer
(f) Direction of North East Monsoon
(g) Offshore oilfields
(h) A place where coal is found in Jharkhand
(i) An area having red soil
(j) Hyderabad
Answer:

Question 2.
On the outline map of India, mark and name the following:
(a) Vindhya range
(b) Konkan coast
(c) A tributary of Ganga (d) Palk Strait
(e) Karakoram Pass
(f) Standard Meridian of India – 82° 30′ E
(h) IronoreinSinghbhum
(i) Allahabad
(j) A state with highest density of population
Answer:

Questions Based on Map of India

I. On the outline Map 1 of India mark the following :

Questions
1. Shade an important area where Iron is found in India,
2. Shade and name the Plateau in India known for black soils,
3. Shade and name the area getting less than 25 cm of rainfall in India.
4. Mark and name the Indian Standard Meridian.
5. Mark and name the Plains of the Indus.
6. Shade and name the Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills.
7. Mark with arrows the cyclone, which gives rainfall in winter season over the north-western parts of India.
8. Mark and name (i) Srinagar, and (ii) Kochi.
Answer:

II. On the outline Map 2 of India mark the following :

Questions
1. Mark and name Sundarbans.
2. Mark the town of Chennai.
3. Mark and name of Himalayas.
4. Mark with a thick line and name the Satpura Range.
5. Mark and name (i) River Indus and (ii) River Brahmaputra.
6. Shade and name the Rajasthan Plains.
7. Mark and name the Kosi River.
8. Mark and name with arrows the direction of winds blowing in Kerala during summer season from the Arabian Sea.
9. Shade and name the Chotanagpur Plateau.
Answer:

III. On the outline Map 3 of India mark the following :

Questions
1. Name and mark with arrows the direction of the tropical cyclone over the Bay of Bengal.
2. Mark and name two regions each in India, rich in
(i)Coal
(ii) Petroleum
(iii) Iron ore
(iv) Bauxite
(v) Manganese.
3. Mark and name Karakoram range and the Western and Eastern Ghats.
4. Mark and name one region in India with each for the following
(i) Alluvial soil
(ii) Laterite soil
(iii) Red soil.
5. Shade an area in India receiving 100-200cm of annual rainfall.
6. Mark and name
(i) Delhi and
(ii) Vishakhapatnam.
7. Mark and name Mount Everest and the Eastern Ghats.
8. Mark and name the River Mahanadi and River Yamuna.
9. Mark the Karakoram and Nathu La Passes.
10. Mark the Tropic of Cancer and Standard Meridian.
11. Mark the direction of South West and North East Monsoon. Ans.
Answer:

IV. On the outline Map 4 of India mark the following.

Questions
1. Mark the following towns – (i) Hyderabad, (ii) Allahabad (c) Kolkata.
2. Mark and name two rivers in India draining into the Arabian Sea.
3. Shade and name an area in India that receives maximum rainfall from North-East Monsoon.
4. Shade and name Aravalli ranges.
5. Shade the level plains of Northern India.
6. Mark and name the Nilgiris.
7. Mark with arrows the direction of winds blowing during the winter season in India.
8. Shade and name the area in India which receives rainfal 1 from ‘ three sources.
Answer:

V. On the outline Map 5 of India mark the following :

Question 1.
The following cities and towns: Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, New Delhi, Kochi, Srinagar and Vishakhapatnam.

Question 2.
Mark and name the following rivers: Ravi, Beas, Chenab, Jhelum, Sutlej, Ganga, Narmada, Godavari, Tapti, Krishna and Cauveri.

Question 3.
Shade and name the areas which are densely populated and sparsely populated.
Answer:

Few More Additional Questions

Question 1.
On the outline map of the Indian sub-continent provided to you at the end of this questions paper :
(a) Label the River Ravi.
(b) Mark with a thick line and name the Satpura Hills.
(c) Name the River Godavari.
(d) Mark with a dot and name, in the appropriate place, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh.
(e) Shade and name the area where mangrove forests occur.
(f) Print Uttar Pradesh in its proper location.
(g) Mark with a thick line and name the Sulaiman Range.
(i) Shade an area having winter rainfall in South India.
(j) Print the world GOLD over one area where it is mined. Draw the line of latitude 10°N which passes near Kochi (Cochin).
(k) Print in bold letter ‘W’ in the region in Pakistan where wheat is grown and ‘T’ for tobacco in one region in western India where it is widely grown.
(l) Shade and name the Rann of Kutchh.
Answer:

Question 2.
On the outline map of the Indian sub-continent, provided to you at the end of this question paper:
(a) Mark and name the Mahadeo range.
(b) Mark and label the Chambal river.
(c) Shade and label the Rann of Kutchh.
(d) Shade and label a major coffee producing area in South India.
(e) Print C over one important region where copper is mined in India.
(f) With the help of arrow marks, name the winds that bring rainfall to the Tamil Nadu coast in winter.
(g)Mark and name the longitude from which India takes its standard time.
(h) Mark with a dot and name
(i) Islamabad. (i) Kolkata.
(i) Mark and label the Sutlej river.
(j) Mark and name the multipurpose project constructed on River Son.
(k) Shade and name a region receiving less than 50 cm of rainfall in Northern India.
Answer:

Question 3.
On the outline map of the Indian Sub-continent, provided to you at the end of this question paper :
(a) Mark with a bold line the mountain range Satpura’.
(b) Label the river Mahanadi.
(c) Shade and name the Rann of Kutchh.
(d) Mark and name the River Jhelum.
(e) Mark with a dot and name the city of Lahore in the appropriate place.
(f) Print ‘TRF’ in one area that has Tropical Rain Forests.
(g) Mark with a dot and name Dacca.
(h) Print ‘COTTON’ over one area, where it is cultivated South of the Tropic of Cancer in India.
(i) Print ‘I.O.’ over one area, where iron ore is mined in India.
(j) Mark with a dot and name Allahabad.
(k) Shade and write ‘DP’ over one area of Dense Population in North of the Tropic of Cancer.
(l) Mark with a dot and name the biggest city on the West Coast.
Answer:

Question 4.
On the outline map of the Indian sub-continent provided to you at the end of this question paper-
(a) Mark with a bold line and label:
(i) The Karakoram Range,
(ii) The Eastern Ghats.
(iii) The Nilgiris.

(b) Shade and name one region for each of the following-
(i) Desert vegetation.
(ii) Black soil.
(iii) Tabacco Cultivation.

(c) Mark and label:
(i) The Khyber Pass.
(ii) The capital city of Assam.
(iii) River Godavari.

(d) (i) Identify, shade and name :
1. A region of sparse population (less than 50 person per sq. km) in North Eastern India.
2. A region of ‘Equatorial Forests’.
(ii) Mark with one long arrow, the direction of the Summer Monsoon over the Bay of Bengal
Answer:

Question 5.
On the outline map of the Indian sub-continent provided to you at the end of this question paper :
(a) Mark and label
(i) The Sulaiman Ranges.
(ii) Western Ghats.
(iii) Bolan Pass.

(b) Shade and name one region for each of the following :
(i) Thom and Scrub vegetation in India.
(ii) Wheat cultivation in Pakistan.
(iii) Coffee cultivation in South India.

(c) Shade and label:
(i) A region of red soil in India.
(ii) The Thar desert.
(iii) One region in India that gets winter rainfall.

(d) Identify and name :
(i) The capital city of Bangladesh
(ii) River Yamuna.
(iii) The port city of Pakistan.
Answer:

Question 6.
On the outline map provided to you, mark and label the following:
(a) Mount Everest.
(b) 82\(\frac{1}{2}\)° E longitude
(c) River Indus.
(d) Kathiawar Peninsula.
(e) Gulf of Mannar.
(f) River Brahmaputra.
(g) The capital of Nepal.
(h) Dhaka.
(i) An important port of Pakistan.
(j) Direction of the Summer Monsoon over Sri Lanka.
Answer:

ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank