Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 Civics Solutions Chapter 2 The Union Executive: The President and the Vice-President

Question 1.
Who is the Chief Executive (Head of State) in India?
Answer:
The President is the Chief Executive (Head of State) in India.

Question 2.
Mention the qualifications which a person eligible for election as President must possess.
Answer:
To seek election to the high office of the President of India, a candiate must prossess the following qualifications :

  • He must be a citizen of India.
  • He must have completed 35 years of age.
  • He must be qualified to become a member of the Lok Sabha.
  • He should not hold any office of profit under the Central or State government.
  • He should not be a pronounced offender under the law of the Land.

Question 3.
Mention any two offices of profit, the holders of which may contest Presidential Election.
Answer:
A person holding the office of Speaker of Lok Sabha or of State Assembly may contest Presidential election.

Question 4.
What is the term of Office of the President of India ?
Answer:
The President holds office for a term of 5 years and is eligible for re-election.

Question 5.
How long can the President continue to hold office even after the expiry of the term?
Answer:
The President shall continue to hold office even after the expiry of the term, until a new President gets elected and enters upon his office.

Question 6.
On what grounds may the President of India be removed from office?
Answer:
The President may be impeached on the grounds of:

  • Violation of the Constitution,
  • Proved misbehaviour.

Question 7.
Mention any two circumstances which cause vacancy in the office of the President.
Answer:

  • The expiration of the term.
  • By the reason of death.

Question 8.
Who constitute the Electoral College for the election of the President? Or Who elect the President of India?
Answer:
The President is elected by the Members of an Electoral College consisting of

  • the elected members of both the Houses of Parliament.
  • the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies including those of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry.

Question 9.
By how many electors should the nomination paper of a Presidential candidate be proposed and seconded ?
Answer:
The Presidents Candidate have to be proposed by 50 members of the Electoral College and Seconded by another 50 members.

Question 10.
What is meant by Single Transferable Vote System ?
Answer:
Under this system, all the candidates are listed and the elector gives them numbers according to his preference.

Question 11.
Who administers the Oath of Office to the President ?
Answer:
The Chief Justice of India administers the Oath of Office to the President.

Question 12.
What does the President undertake to do in his/her Oath of Office?
Answer:
The President in his/her Oath of Office, undertakes

  • to discharge the functions of the President of India.
  • to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and Law.
  • to devote himself to the service and well-being of the people of India.

Question 13.
Who settles disputes in connection with the election of the President and Vice-President ?
Answer:
All the election disputes concerning the election of the President and Vice-President are settled by the Supreme Court, whose decision shall be final.

Question 14.
Mention any two executive powers of the President of India.
Answer:

  1. The President being the head of the Union Administration, all the executive orders are issued in the name of the President.
  2. The President appoints a large number of functionaries and top officials such as Governors of States, Judges of the Supreme Court and the State High Courts, Members of UPSC and State Public Service Commissions and a host of other officers.
  3. He also appoints the Prime-Minister of India and other Ministers on the advice of the Prime-Minister.

Question 15.
Who is empowered by the Constitution to summon the Houses of Parliament and to dissolve the Lok Sabha ?
Answer:
The President has been empowered by the Constitution to summon the Houses of Parliament and to dissolve the Lok Sabha.

Question 16.
When does the President address both the Houses of Parliament assembled together ?
Answer:
The President addresses both Houses of Parliament assembled together at the first session after each general elections and at the commencement of the first session each year.

Question 17.
Mention any two legislative powers of the President.
Answer:

  1. He can summon or prorogue either House of Parliament.
  2. He nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha and 2 members to the Lok Sabha to represent the Anglo Indian community in India, if none of its members gets a seat in the Lok Sabha.
  3. He is an integeral part of Parliament. Therefore, no Bill can become a law, unless the President gives his assent.

Question 18.
What is meant by the term ‘Ordinance’ ?
Answer:
An ‘Ordinance’ implies a direction, or command of an authoritative nature, which has the same face and effect as an Act of Parliament.

Question 19.
When can Ordinances be issued by the President ?
Answer:
The Ordinance can be issued by the President when both the Houses of Parliament are not in session, and the President is satisfied that circumstances exist which demand, immediate action.

Question 20.
Mention the Parliamentary control over the Ordinance¬making power of the President
Or
Why are the Ordinances considered temporary measures ?
Answer:
The Ordinances, have to be laid before the Houses of Parliament when they reassemble. If Parliament disapproves the ordinance it lapses. If it is not disapproved, it will automatically cease to operate at the expiration of 6 weeks from the reassembly of Parliament.

Question 21.
What options are open to the President when an Ordinary Bill is sent for his/her assent ?
Answer:
The President has three options. Firstly, he may give his assent to the Bill. Secondly, he may refuse his assent. Thirdly, he may send it back for reconsideration. In case the Bill is passed again, with or without amendment, the President has to give his assent thereof.

Question 22.
Mention any two financial powers of the President.
Answer:

  1. A Money Bill cannot be introduced except on the prior recommendation of the President.
  2. The President appoints the Finance Commission after every five years. The Commission makes recommendations on special financial matters, especially the distribution of the proceeds of central taxes between the union and the state.

Question 23.
Mention any two judicial powers of the President.
Answer:

  1. He has the power to grant pardon, remit or suspend a sentence of punishment.
  2. He is not answerable before any Court of law for the discharge of his duties.

Question 24.
Mention any two discretionary powers of the President.
Answer:

  1. The President may withhold assent to a Bill or may send it back for reconsideration, if it is not a Money Bill.
  2. The Constitution does not prescribe any time-limit within which the President is to declare his/her assent or refusal or return the Bill for reconsideration. The President is at liberty to decide what is right or proper.
  3. When no political party or no leader seems to enjoy majority support in the Lok Sabha, the President shall have freedom to decide who should be appointed as Prime Minister.

Question 25.
Mention three types of Emergencies which the Constitution makes provision for.
Answer:

  1. National Emergency
  2. Constitutional Emergency
  3. Financial Emergency

Question 26.
Under what circumstances, can there be imposition of President’s Rule on a State ?
Answer:
If the President is satisfied either on the recommendations of the Governor or otherwise, that the Constitutional machinery in the State has failed, he may declare an emergency in the State. The President may assume to himself all or any of the functions of the Government of the State. Thus, President-rule may be imposed in the State.

Question 27.
How is the Proclamation of General Emergency subjected to Parliamentary control ?
Answer:
The Proclamation of General Emergency cannot be made unless the decision of the union Cabinet has been communicated to the President in writing.

Question 28.
Under what circumstances can the President proclaim National or General Emergency ?
Answer:
A Proclamation of Emergency may be made if the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or any part of India is threatened by war, external aggression or Armed Rebellion.
P.Q. Mention any two important effects of the National Emergency on each of the following :
(a) Autonomy of States, and
(b) Fundamental Rights.
Answer:
(a) The National Emergency may curtail the legislative powers of the State legislature by

  • The Union Parliament can now legislate on subjects included in the State List.
  • The distribution of revenues between the centre and the State may be altered.

(b) The effect on the Fundamental Rights. are as follows :

  • The most important effect is that the exercise of the Fundamental Rights is partially or wholly suspended.
  • Right to move the Supreme Court on the High Court for the enforcement of the rights (except Article 20 and 21) remains suspended.

Question 29.
Mention any two effects of the imposition of the President’s Rule.
Answer:

  1. The Legislative Assembly of the State may be dissolved or suspended.
  2. The Annual budget of the State is passed by the Parliament.

Question 30.
Under what circumstances may the Financial Emergency be proclaimed ? Mention any two consequences of such a Proclamation.
Answer:
The Financial Emergency may be proclaimed by the President, when there is a danger to the financial stability of the country. Its consequences can be as follow :

  1. The Union Government may give direction to States to observe certain financial rules.
  2. The Union Government may ask States to reduce salaries and allowances of all public servants connected with the affairs of the States.

Question 31.
What do we mean when we say that the President is the Nominal or Constitutional Head of State ?
Or
Why is the President of India referred to as the Nominal Head of State. Mention any one of his legislative powers that suggests his/her nominal status.
Answer:
The President is the nominal (Constitutional) Head of the Government which implies that the enormous powers linked with his name are infact enjoyed by the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, Who come from the Parliament and are answerable to the Parliament collectively. Thus, it is the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, which advice the President on the exercise of his functions. The President is bound by the Constitution to accept the advice of Council of Ministers.

Question 32.
What qualification should a person possess in order to be elected as Vice-President ?
Answer:

  • He must be the citizen of India.
  • He must be not less than 35 years of age.
  • He must be qualified for election as a Member of the Rajya Sabha.
  • He should not hold any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State.

Question 33.
What is the normal Term of Office of the Vice-President?
Answer:
The normal Term of the Office of the Vice-President is five years. However, he continues to hold his office until his success or enters upon the office.

Question 34.
How long can the Vice-President continue to hold office even after the expiry of his term ?
Answer:
Vice-President can continue to hold office untill his successor is elected, he may resign his office before the expiry of his terms.

Question 35.
How can the Vice-President be removed from Office ?
Answer:
The Vice-President may be removed by a resolution of the Rajya Sabha, passed by a majority of its members and agreed by the Lok Sabha.

Question 36.
How is the Vice-President of India elected ?
Answer:
The Vice-President is elected by an Electoral College consisting of the members of both the Houses of Parliament. The election is done on the basis of proportional representation with Single Transferable Vote System.

Question 37.
Shri Hamid Ansari became the second person in India’s history to have been re-elected the Vice-President. Name the person who was the first to get re-elected to this post.
Answer:
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, the country’s first Vice-President went, on to be the country’s Vice-President twice.
Mention tyyo important functions of the Vice-President.

  • The Vice-President of the Indian Union acts as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
  • He officiates as President, when the latter is unable to discharge his duties owing to illness or absence from the country.

Question 38.
Mention the circumstances under which the Vice-President will take over the office of the President. How long shall the Vice-President act as President ?
Answer:
The Vice-President may officiate on behalf of the President under following situations:

  • death of the President.
  • resignation of the President,
  • when the President owing to illness, absence or any other cause is unable to discharge his function.
  • The Vice-President may act as President, until a new President is elected and enters upon the office.

Structured Questions

Question 1.
The President of India shall be elected by the members of an Electoral College. In this context answer the following questions :
(a) What reasons were given for adopting the method of Indirect Election for Presidential Elections ?
(b) How is the Electoral College for Presidential elections constituted and how is the value of Vote ofa member of a Legislative Assembly and members of Parliament determined ?
Answer:
(a) The President being the Head of Indian Union, is elected indirectly. In simple words, ordinary citizens play no part in the election. Infact, four reasons can be attributed for the adoption of indirect method of election. In the first place, in the Parliamentary from of Government, real power vests with the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister and the Union Parliament. While the President is only a nominal Head.

Therefore, it would be an anomaly if the President were to be elected directly by tbe people and yet given no real power. Secondly, the framers of the Consitution wanted the Presidential election to remain a quiet and dignified affair. Thirdly, it would be difficult to provide an electoral machinery for an election in which millions of people would have to participate. Fourthly, a direct election would place too much of power in the masses with a very high percentage of illiterates among them.

(b) The President is elected by the Members of an Electoral College Consisting of:

  • Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament.
  • Elected members of State Legislative Assemblies including those of Delhi and Union Territory Pondicherry.

The value of the vote of each Member of a State Legislative Assembly is determined by dividing the population of the State concerned by the total number of elected Members of the Assembly. The quotient so obtained, is divided by one thousand. If the remainder is five hundred or more, the vote of each Member is increased by one, while, if the remainder is less than five hundred, is ignored.

The value of Vote of each elected member of Parliament shall have such number of votes as may be obtained by dividing the total number of Votes assigned to the States by total number of the elected Members of Parliament.

Question 2.
With reference to the Office of the President of India, answer the following questions :
(a) What procedure has to be followedfor Impeaching the President?
(b) What are other ways in which a vacancy in the office of the President may be caused ?
Answer:
The President can be removed from his office on two ground :

  1. Proved misbehavior
  2. Violation of the Constitution.

The resolution to Impeach the President may be moved in either House of Parliament. Though, such a resolution can be moved, only after a notice has been given by atleast one-fourth of the total Membership of that House. The resolution must be passed by 2/ 3rds of the total membership of that House.

Then the charges levelled against him are investigated by the other House. The President has the right to appear in person in order to answer charges against him. He also has the right to be defended by a Council. If the charges are sustained by a 2/3rds Vote in the other House as well, the President stands removed from his office.

Question 3.
With reference to the powers of the President of India briefly explain the following :
(a) Any four Executive Powers
(b) Any two Judicial Powers
(c) Any two Military Powers
Answer:
His Executive Powers
(a) The Constitution opines that the Executive Power of the Union shall be vested in the President. His Executive Power embraces the given ahead activities:

  1. Head Of The Union Administration
    All the Executive orders are issued in the name of the President. All the Union Officials are his subordinates.
  2. Formation Of The Council Of Ministers
    He summons the leader of the majority party in the Parliament to form the Government. And on the advice of the leader of the Government i.e., Prime Minister, he appoints other Ministers. Again, it is the duty of the Prime Minister to communicate all decisions of the Council of Ministers to the President.
  3.  Appointment And Removal Of High Officials
    The President of India, appoints the Attorney-General of India, Judges of the Supreme Court and State High Court, Ambassador and other Diplomatic Representatives of India abroad. He also appoints the Members of Finance Commission, UPSC and the Chief Election Commissioner.
    Besides he has the power to remove his Ministers and other top Officials.
  4. Administration Of Union Territories The President, acts through an Administrator appointed by him with such designation as he may specify.
  5. Control Over State Governments: The Union Government may give necessary directions to a State. During President’s rule, the control of the Union Government over States is complete.

(b) Two Judicial Powers:
The President has the power to grant pardon or reduce the punishment that a person receives.
He can grant pardons only in the following cases :

  1. Where the punishment or sentence is by a Court Martial ;
  2. Where the punishment is for offence against Union laws ; and

(c) In all cases of sentence of death. A pardon may be absolute as well as conditional.
Pardoning power like most other powers is exercised on the advice of Council of Ministers.

  • The President is not answerable to. any Court for the exercise of the powers and duties of his office.
  • No criminal proceedings shall be instituted against the President in any Court during the term of office.

(c) His Military Powers : The President of the Republic of India is vested with following Military Powers :

  • He is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of India.
  • He appoints the Chiefs of the three wings of the Armed Forces, subject to certain rules and regulations.
  • He can declare war or conclude peace with any foreign power on the advice of his Council of Ministers.

Question 4.
The President is an essential part of the Union Parliament. In this context, explain the following legislative powers of the President of India :
(a) Power to summon and prorogue
(b) Right to address and send messages to either House of Parliament
(c) President’s Assent to Bills
(d) Power to promulgate Ordinances
(e) His previous sanction to the introduction of a Bill
Answer:
(a) The President is the integral part of the Parliament. Thus, he summons and prorogues the sessions of Parliament and may dissolve the Lok Sabha before the expiry of its normal Term on the advice of the Prime Minister. The power to summon Parliament is subject to the condition that six months shall not intervene between the two sessions. Again, Rajya Sabha being a Permanent House, is not subject to dissolution.

(b) The President addresses, both Houses of Parliament at the first session after each General Election and at the commencement of the first session each year. In his address, the President outlines the national and international policies of his Governments. Besides, the President is empowered to address either House or their joint sitting at any time. He may also send messages to either House of Parliament.

(c) A Bill becomes a law only after the assent of the President. When the Bill passed by both Houses of Parliament is sent to the President, he has three options. Firstly, he may give his assent. Secondly, he may refuse his assent. Thirdly, he can send it back for reconsideration. In case if the bill is passed again by both Houses of Parliament, with or without the Amendment, the President has to give his assent. Money Bills however are introduced only on the prior recommendation of the President.

(d) The President enjoys yet another important Legislative Power to promulgate Ordinace. The President can issue Ordinances when the Parliament is not in session. These Ordinances are as good as laws, but all the Ordinances must be placed before the Parliament as soon as it meets. TheOrdinances are temporary laws and ceases to be effective six weeks after the reassembly of Parliament, unless they are approvedby it within that period.

(e) Money Bills cannot be introduced, except on the recommendation of a President. Similarly, a Bill for the formation of new States or alteration of areas of the existing States cannot be introduced except on his recommendation.

Question 5.
The President can issue Proclamation of National Emergency under certain circumstances. In this context explain the following :
(a) The three circumstances leading to the Proclamation of National Emergency.
(b) Duration of such Proclamation
(c) Effect of a Proclamation of Emergency on Centre-State relations and Fundamental Rights.
(d) Effect of such Proclamation on Fundamental Rights.
Answer:
(a) The President may declare a General Emergency. If he is satisfied that a grave Emergency exists, where by the security of India or any of its territories is threatened whether by War, External Aggression or Armed Rebellion. Every such Proclamation must be laid before the Houses of Parliment, and unless it is approved by resolutions of both the Houses of Parliament within one monjth from the date of its issue, it will be rendered ineffective.

(b) The Emergency cannot remain in operation for more than six months at a time. It will get a fresh lease of six months, every time after being approved by the Parliament by a majority of total Membership of the House and a majority of not less than two- thirds of the Members present and voting. However, if the Lok Sabha, passes a resolution disapproving the Emergency, the President has no option, but to revoke the Proclamation.

(c) The Proclamation has serious effects on both Autonomy of States and Fundamental Rights.
As regards its effect on Centre-State relations :

  • The Union Parliament can legislate on any subject included in the State List.
  • The Union Government may give directions to States, on exercising their Executive authority.
  • The Central Government gets the power to suspend the financial provisions of the Constitution.

As regards the Fundamental Rights, its effects are as under :

  • All the Fundamental Rights, under Article 19 remain suspended.
  • The President may suspend the right to move any Court for the enforcement of rights except Article 20 and 21.
  • Exercise of the Fundamental Rights is partially or wholly suspended.

(d) The effect of such Proclamation on fundamental rights :

  • All the Fundamental Rights, under Article 19 remain suspended.
  • The President may suspend the right to move any Court for the enforcement of rights except Article 20 and 21.
  • Exercise of the Fundamental Rights is partially or wholly suspended.

Question 6.
With reference to Emergency in the event of failure of Constitutional Machinery in a State, answer the following questions :
(a) When is such an Emergency proclaimed ?
Or
Mention any two circumstances under which the imposition of President’s Rule in a State could be justified.
(b) What is the Duration of the Emergency?
(c) What are the effects of the imposition of the President’s Rule
Answer:
(a) If the President is satisfied either on the recommendations of the Governor or otherwise that the Constitutional Machinery in a State has failed, he may place that State under President’s rule. In other words, the State Administration is directly placed under the President and the Union Government.

(b) The duration of such Proclamation is only two months. If it is to continue beyond two months, it should be ratified by the Parliament. Though, even if the Parliament has ratified the Proclamation, it will cease to operate six months after the date of its issue. It can however be extended for another six months. Thus, the President’s rule can normally continue only for a year.
However, it may be extended beyond one year under two conditions.

  • Wien a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation in the whole of India on in any part of the State.
  • The Election Commission certifies that holding elections to the Legislative Assembly of the State is difficult. But, no such Proclamation shall remain in force for more than three years. Any such Proclamation may be revoked by a subsequent Proclamation.

(c) The consequences of the imposition of the President’s rule are as follows:
(d) The Legislative Assembly of the State may be dissolved or suspended.

  • In that case the powers of the State Legislature shall be exercised by the Parliament.
  • The President may vest all executive functions in the Governor.
  • The Annual budget of the State is passed by the Parliament.
  • The President, however, cannot suspend the operation of any provision of the Constitution relating to High Courts.

Question 7.
With reference to the Financial Emergency, explain the following :
(a) Circumstances surrounding the Proclamation of Financial Emergency
(b) Duration of such a Proclamation
(c) Consequences of Financial Emergency
Answer:
(a) A Financial Emergency may be declared by the President when there is danger to the financial stability of the country.
(b) The Proclamation should be approved by Parliament, if it is to continue beyond a period of two months. It may be revoked by the President at any time. The Financial Emergency thus, continues until it is revoked by the President of India. However, the Financial Emergency has never been revoked.

(c) The consequences of such a Proclamation are :

  • The Union Government may issue directions to States to observe certain financial rules.
  • The President is competent to reduce the salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons, including the Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
  • The Union Government may ask the States to reduce salaries and allowances of all public servants connected with the affairs of the State.
  • All Money Bills, passed by the State Legislatures, may be reserved for the consideration of the President.

Question 8.
Powers shall be exercised by President in accordance with the advice of the Council of Ministers, but situations may arise when the President may use his discretion to act as he thinks right. In this context mention any four situations when President shall have freedom and authority to use his judgement to decide what to do.
Or
Describe the Discretionary powers of the President of India.
Answer:
(a) In a Parliamentary Form of Government, like ours real power is vested with Council of Minister headed by the Prime Minister and the Union Parliament. The President, on the other hand is only a normal Head. He represents the nation, not rules the nation. As such 42nd Amendment, 1976 clearly states that President shall exercise his powers on the aid and advice of Council of Minister. Though the President was empowered to send back the advice for reconsideration, However he has to act in accordance with advice rendered after such reconsideration.

All Proclamation of Emergency have to be laid before both the Houses of Parliament. The President can be removed from his office for the violation of the Constitution. Thus, we find that the President does not have dictatorial powers, as his authority is restrained by the limitations imposed by the Parliament and Council of Ministers.

(b) When after General Election no political party or leader enjoy majority in Lok Sabha, or when so many leader stake claim for the post of Prime Minister. A situation may also arise when a Prime Minister resign. The President will have to make a judicious decision under such circumstances. On April 17, 1999 the Prime Minister Shri A.B. Vajpayee submitted his resignation. President asked him to continue in office till alternative arrangements.

On April 21, the President invited the opposition leader Smt. Sonia Gandhi to form a Government at the Centre, after some days Smt. Sonia Gandhi expressed her inability to fonn a Government. In this situation the President Shri. K.R. Narayanan dissolved the Lok Sabha.

Question 9.
The election of the Vice-President shall be indirect and not many functions are attached to the office of the Vice-President as such. In this context, answer the following questions :
(a) Mr. K. Mohanty is not legally eligible for election as Vice President, even though he (i) is a Citizen of India,
(ii) has completed the age of thirty-two years, and
(iii) is qualified for election as a Member of the Rajya Sabha. In view of these facts mention why he is not eligible for election as Vice-President
(b) What are the three main functions of the Vice-President as the Ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
(c) Mention any three situations when the Vice-President shall take over the Office of the President of India,
(d) What is the effect of Vice-President’s ‘Casting Vote’as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
Or
When can the Vice-President give a Casting Vote and what is the effect of such a vote?
Answer:
(a) Mr. K. Mohanty is not eligible for election as Vice-President because he hold an office of profit under the Government of India or Government of any state.

(b) As Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, he

  • regulates debates and proceedings of the House and decides the order of speeches,
  • decides the admissibility of a resolution or of questions,
  • may suspend or adjourn the business of the House in case of grave disorder.

(c) The Vice-President will take over the office of the President under these situations:

  • Death of the President,
  • Resignation of the President,
  • Removal of the President, and
  • When President, owing to absence, illness or any other cause, is unable to discharge his functions.

(d) He is entitled to vote only when there is a tie, i.e., in case of an equality of votes for and against a proposal. Such vote is called Casting Vote. This Vote decides whether or not the Bilk or the Resolution will be passed.

Question 10.
With reference to the election of the President of India answer the following questions :
(a) What is meant by Single Transferable Vote System?
(b) What procedure is followed as to counting of Votes ?
Answer:
(a) The President is elected according to the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote system. Under this system, all the candidates are listed and the elector gives them numbers according to his preference. Every voter may mark on the ballot paper as many preferences as there are candidates.

(b) Firstly, the First preference valid vote are sorted. Next the Electoral Quota is found by dividing the total number of first preference votes by two and adding one to the result. Thus in order to be selected a candidate must get votes at least equal to the Quota i.e. clear majority of the valid votes.

Thus, first of all, the first preference votes are counted. If any of the candidate received votes equal or greater than the Quota that candidate is declared elected. In case, no canidate recieves absolute majority, then the candidate, who has recieved the least votes is eliminated and his second preference votes are added to the other candidates. Thus process goes on and ultimately the candidate who get’s the absolute majority is elected.

Extra Practice Questions

Question 1.
Why the Indian Constitution adopt the Parliamentary form of Government ?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution adopted the Parliamentary form of Government as our Indian leaders had some experience of the working of Parliamentary Governments in the provinces under the Acts of 1919 and 1935.
Secondly, they were impressed by the British political institutions and practices.

Question 2.
What is the electoral security for the Presidential election ?
Answer:
Rs. 15,000

Question 3.
How many members should propose the candiate for the Presidential elections and how many should second the
candiate?
Answer:
The Presidential candiate must be proposed by 50 members and seconded by 50 members.

Question 4.
Which Indian President was elected twice?
Answer:
Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Question 5.
What is the value of the vote of MLA?
Answer:
\(\text { Vote of MLA }=\frac{\text { Total population of a State }}{\text { Total number of elected MLA’s }} \times \frac{1}{1000}\)

Question 6.
What is value of the vote of MP?
Answer:
Value of Total no. of votes assigned to :
\(\text { Vote of an MP }=\frac{\text { MLA’sof all States }}{\text { Total number of elected MP’s }}\) .

Question 7.
Which amendment Act substituted ‘Armed Rebellion’ for the words ‘internal disturbance’?
Answer:
The 44th Amendment Act.

Question 8.
What is the minimum duration of the National Emergency?
Answer:
The National Emergency can be revoked only for 6 months. To extend it further, it has to be approved by Parliament by a majority of not less than 2/3rds of the member present and voting. If the Lok Sabha passes a resolution, disapproving the Emergency, the President has no option but to revoke the Proclamation.

Question 9.
What does the Article 20 and 21 stand for?
Answer:

  • The Article 20 provides protection in respect of conviction for offences.
  • The Article 21 declares that no person shall be deprived of his life and personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

Question 10.
Mention the emoluments of the President of India.
Answer:
The President enjoys the salary of Rs 50,000 per month and pension of 25,000 per month on the expiry of his term. His emoluments and allowances cannot be diminished during his term of office.

Question 11.
How is the President of India elected ?
Answer:
Every voter marks on the ballot paper as many preferences as there are candiates. After the casting of votes is over, first of all the first preference votes are counted. If any candidate gets the absolute majority or more than 50% of the votes, he is declared elected and there is no need for counting the second preference votes. But, in case no candidate is able is get the absolute majority, then the candiate who secured the least votes is eliminated and his second preferences votes are added to the other candidates. The process goes on and ultimately the candidate who gets the absolute majority is declared elected.

ICSE History and Civics Class 10 Goyal Brothers Prakashan Solutions

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *