ISC Specimen Papers for Class 12 History 2020, 2019, 2018

Download ISC Specimen Papers 2020 Solved for Class 12 History and Marking Scheme PDF. Here we have given ISC History Question Papers 2020 Solved. Students can view or download the Specimen Papers for ISC 2020 with Answers Class 12 History for their upcoming examination.

These ISC Board Sample Papers are useful to understand the pattern of questions asked in the board exam. Know about the important concepts to be prepared for ISC Class 12 History board exam and Score More marks.

Board – Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), www.cisce.org
Class – Class 12
Subject – History
Year of Examination – 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017.

ISC Class 12 History Specimen Papers Solved

www.cisce.org ISC Sample Papers for Class 12 History are part of ISC Specimen Papers Solved for Class 12 Here we have given ISC Class 12 History Sample Question Papers for Class 12 History.

Year of Examination ISC History Question Paper
2020 Download PDF
2017 Download PDF

Last 10 Years ISC Question Papers Class 12 History Solved

The above ISC Model Paper for Class 12 History is the official sample paper released by ISC Board as per latest syllabus of Class 12 Indian Certificate of Secondary Education, India.

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ISC Specimen Papers for Class 12 Hindi 2020, 2019, 2018

Download ISC Specimen Papers 2020 Solved for Class 12 Hindi and Marking Scheme PDF. Here we have given ISC Hindi Question Papers 2020 Solved. Students can view or download the Specimen Papers for ISC 2020 with Answers Class 12 Hindi for their upcoming examination.

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Board – Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), www.cisce.org
Class – Class 12
Subject – Hindi
Year of Examination – 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017.

ISC Class 12 Hindi Question Papers Solved

www.cisce.org ISC Sample Papers for Class 12 Hindi are part of ISC Specimen Papers Solved for Class 12 Here we have given ISC Class 12 Hindi Sample Question Papers for Class 12 Hindi.

Year of Examination ISC Hindi Question Paper
2020 Download PDF
2017 Download PDF

Last 10 Years ISC Question Papers Class 12 Hindi Solved

The above ISC Model Paper for Class 12 Hindi is the official sample paper released by ISC Board as per latest syllabus of Class 12 Indian Certificate of Secondary Education, India.

We hope the ISC Specimen Papers for Class 12 Hindi, help you. If you have any query regarding ISC Class 12 Hindi Question Papers Solved, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

ISC Specimen Papers for Class 12 English Language 2020, 2019, 2018

Download ISC Specimen Papers 2020 Solved for Class 12 English Language and Marking Scheme PDF. Here we have given ISC English Language Question Papers 2020 Solved. Students can view or download the Specimen Papers for ISC 2020 with Answers Class 12 English Language for their upcoming examination.

These ISC Board Sample Papers are useful to understand the pattern of questions asked in the board exam. Know about the important concepts to be prepared for ISC Class 12 English Language board exam and Score More marks.

Board – Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), www.cisce.org
Class – Class 12
Subject – English Language
Year of Examination – 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017.

ISC Class 12 English Language Question Papers Solved

www.cisce.org ISC Sample Papers for Class 12 English Language are part of ISC Specimen Papers Solved for Class 12 Here we have given ISC Class 12 English Language Sample Question Papers for Class 12 English Language.

Year of Examination ISC English Language Question Paper
2020 Download PDF
2017 Download PDF

Last 10 Years ISC Question Papers Class 12 English Language Solved

The above ISC Model Paper for Class 12 English Language is the official sample paper released by ISC Board as per latest syllabus of Class 12 Indian Certificate of Secondary Education, India.

We hope the ISC Specimen Papers for Class 12 English Language, help you. If you have any query regarding ISC Class 12 English Language Question Papers Solved, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

ISC Specimen Papers for Class 12 Maths 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017

Download ISC Specimen Papers 2020 Solved for Class 12 Maths and Marking Scheme PDF. Here we have given ISC Maths Question Papers 2020 Solved. Students can view or download the Specimen Papers for ISC 2020 with Answers Class 12 Maths for their upcoming examination.

These ISC Board Sample Papers are useful to understand the pattern of questions asked in the board exam. Know about the important concepts to be prepared for ISC Class 12 Maths board exam and Score More marks.

Board – Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), www.cisce.org
Class – Class 12
Subject – Maths
Year of Examination – 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017.

ISC Class 12 Maths Specimen Papers Solved

www.cisce.org ISC Sample Papers for Class 12 Maths are part of ISC Specimen Papers Solved for Class 12 Here we have given ISC Class 12 Maths Sample Question Papers for Class 12 Maths.

Year of Examination ISC Maths Question Paper
2020 Download PDF
2017 Download PDF

Last 10 Years ISC Question Papers Class 12 Maths Solved

The above ISC Model Paper for Class 12 Maths is the official sample paper released by ISC Board as per latest syllabus of Class 12 Indian Certificate of Secondary Education, India.

We hope the ISC Specimen Papers for Class 12 Maths, help you. If you have any query regarding ISC Class 12 Maths Question Papers Solved, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

ISC Specimen Papers for Class 11 Psychology 2020, 2019, 2018

Download ISC Specimen Papers 2020 Solved for Class 11 Psychology and Marking Scheme PDF. Here we have given ISC Psychology Question Papers 2020 Solved. Students can view or download the Specimen Papers for ISC 2020 with Answers Class 11 Psychology for their upcoming examination.

These ISC Board Sample Papers are useful to understand the pattern of questions asked in the board exam. Know about the important concepts to be prepared for ISC Class 11 Psychology board exam and Score More marks.

Board – Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), www.cisce.org
Class – Class 11
Subject – Psychology
Year of Examination – 2020, 2018, 2017.

ISC Class 11 Psychology Question Papers Solved

www.cisce.org ISC Sample Papers for Class 11 Psychology are part of ISC Specimen Papers Solved for Class 11 Here we have given ISC Class 11 Psychology Sample Question Papers for Class 11 Psychology.

Year of Examination ISC Psychology Question Paper
2019 Download PDF
2018 Download PDF

The above ISC Model Paper for Class 11 Psychology is the official sample paper released by ISC Board as per latest syllabus of Class 11 Indian Certificate of Secondary Education, India.

We hope the ISC Specimen Papers for Class 11 Psychology, help you. If you have any query regarding ISC Class 11 Psychology Question Papers Solved, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

ISC Business Studies Question Paper 2013 Solved for Class 12

ISC Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper 2013 Solved for Class 12

Maximum Marks: 80
Time allowed: Three hours

  • Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.
  • Answer Question 1 (Compulsory) from Part I and five questions from Part II, choosing two questions from Section A, two questions from Section B and one question from either Section A or Section B.
  • The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Part-I
(Answer all questions)

Question 1.
Answer briefly each of the questions (i) to (xv).
(i) Explain the importance of campus recruitment as one of the sources of recruitment.
(ii) Why is a disciplinary interview conducted?
(iii) State the significance of conducting refresher training.
(iv) What is the importance of team work in the successful functioning of an organization?
(v) Define remuneration. What is meant by incentives in the context of remuneration?
(vi) What is a time card ? State any one benefit of a time card to the organization using it.
(vii) What is meant by open promotion system and closed promotion system?
(viii) State any two essential requirements of a fair staff dismissal procedure.
(ix) Explain any two limitations of recruitment interview.
(x) Define report.
(xi) What is a note of dissent ?
(xii) As per the Companies Act 1956, how frequently should a Company hold Board Meetings in a year ?
(xiii) State any two limitations of visual communication.
(xiv) Give any two advantages of using post boxes /post bags while receiving mail through a Post Office.
(xv) With reference of postal remittances, expand the following:
(a) T.M.O
(b) VP.P
Answer:
(i) Importance of Campus Recruitment:
The companies will be benefited from getting wide choice of candidates to select for different job posts. Companies can select the right and talented candidate from a vast pool of young applicants within a limited time. On the other hand, students have the advantage of getting a good job according to their qualification level even before the completion of their academic course in college.

Campus recruitment helps in saving time and efforts of the companies. The entire campus recruitment process from a college is not a tedious toil. It prevents the occurrence of unusual expenditures related to recruitment process such as advertisement, initial screening, and final selection procedures etc. This in turn turns to be useful in reduced manpower effort and time as well.

(ii) Disciplinary interview is conducted for an employee in connection with alleged misconduct. It is essential to have a fair procedure in place and to follow it consistently. Before the interview occurs, the employer should investigate the matter promptly and thoroughly and review the available evidence.

(iii) Significance of Refresher Training

  • To keep pace with the new technologies.
  • To become the beneficiaries of the current innovations.
  • To get the best out of your people.
  • To update with the latest trends.
  • To bridge the gap between a millennial and a boomer.

(iv) Team work is essential in organizations for better output and a better bonding among employees.

  • Tasks are accomplished at a faster pace when it is done by a team rather than an individual.
  • There is always a healthy competition among the team members.

(v) Remuneration is the pay or compensation that one receives for a service. It is a reward for employment in the form of pay, salary, or wage, including allowances, benefits (such as company car, medical plan, pension plan), bonuses, cash incentives, and monetary value of the non-cash i incentives.

An incentive is an object, item of value, or desired action or event that spurs an employee to do more of whatever was encouraged by the employer through the chosen incentive. Recognition incentives, reward incentives, appreciation incentives are the main forms of incentives.

(vi) Time card is a card for recording the time at which an employee arrives at and departs from a job. The major benefit of time card to the organization is that there remains punctuality in attendance of the employees and through this card, total number of hours worked per day is ; arrived at.

(vii) Open Promotion System: A promotion system in which available jobs and their requirements are posted on an employee bulletin board and in which all qualified employees are free to apply for the available positions.

Closed Promotion System: A promotion system in which managers decide which workers will be considered for a promotion.

(viii) Fair warning to terminate an employee Every employee should be given the chance to reach the standards you set and be given a fair hearing. Your HR policy should set fair and clear procedures for discipline and dismissal. Use our HR manual template to set up your policy. Required notice period.

This varies depending on how long they have worked for the business. You may also choose to pay ‘payment in lieu of notice’ (money equal to the wages for the notice period) if you would like the employee to stop working immediately or before the end of the notice period.

(ix) Limitations of Recruitment Interview

  • Some applicants may feel uncomfortable during personal interviews, causing them to forget key points about themselves or give a bad impression.
  • Finally, interviews rely on the interviewer’s own sense of judgement and don’t guarantee the best outcome.

(x) A report is a document containing information organized in a narrative, graphic, or tabular form prepared on adhoc, periodic, recurring, regular, or as required basis. Reports may refer to specific periods, events, occurrences, or subjects, and may be communicated or presented in oral o written form.

(xi) A note of dissent is an expression of an opinion different from a prevailing or official position disagree.

(xii) Frequency of Meeting : Section 173 of the Act deals with Meetings of the Board and Section 174 deals with quorum.
The Act provides that the first Board meeting should be held within thirty days of the date of incorporation.

In addition to the first meeting to be held within thirty days of the date of incorporation, there shall be minimum of four Board meetings every year and not more than one hundred and twenty days shall intervene between two consecutive Board meetings.

In case of One Person Company (OPC). small company and dormant company, at least one Board meeting should be conducted in each half of the calendar year and the gap between two meetings should not be less than Ninety days.

(xiii) Limitations of Visual Communication:
Costly : The visual methods of communication are more costly than those of other methods. To draw maps, charts, diagram is costly. That is why only large company or organization can use this technique.

Complex presentation : Sometimes visual presentation of information becomes complex. The receivers cannot understand the meaning of the presentation.

(xiv) Advantages of using Post Boxes/Post Bags:

  • Customers may get their mail at the post office through Post Boxes which are rented out by the post office.
  • All fully prepaid unregistered articles addressed to the customer will be placed inside the Post Box/Bag and handed over to the customer during the business hours prescribed for window delivery.

(xv) TMO — Telegraphic Money Order
VPP — Value Payable Post

Part – II
(Answer any five questions)

Question 2.
(a) What is meant by piece rate system of wage payment? State and justify two distinct situations where its use is advisable.
(b) Explain any four differences between Halsey and Rowan plans of wage incentive.
Answer:
(a) When wages are paid on that basis of the output of the workers without considering the time taken in performing work, it is termed as piece wage. Thus under this system, the workers are paid on the basis of quantity of work done, i. e. s, per unit of output, per article, per job, commodity , etc. For computing total remuneration of workers, a predetermined rate unit of output is multiplied by the total units produced. The rate is fixed a with the of time and motion studies. The formula for wage computation under this system is:

Wages = Number of units produced × Rate of wage per unit
Suitability of Piece Rate System Piece rate system of payment of wages is considered suitable:

  • Where the quantity of work done can be precisely measured and standardized,
  • Where the work is of repetitive nature.
  • Where it is possible to fix a fair and acceptable piece rate.
  • Where the productivity is closely related to skill and efforts.

(b)
ISC Business Studies Question Paper 2013 Solved for Class 12 1
Question 3.
(a) Explain any three advantages and any three disadvantages of ‘merit based promotion.
(b) Discuss any four purposes of conducting staff appraisal.
Answer:
(a) Advantages of Merit Based Promotion
No Favoritism:
A seniority-based promotion structure can eliminate the perception of favoritism. Employers typically won’t have to worry about a newer worker coming in and quickly leapfrogging them to obtain a promotion simply because they are friends with an upper-level supervisor or because of the way they dress or that they are more effective at playing the game of corporate politics. Instead, workers have a sense that if they pay their dues, they will be rewarded at some point in the future.

Motivation Boost:
A merit-based program, on the other hand, can provide motivation leading to increased productivity. Workers who recognize that the best performers are the ones who get ahead may put forth the extra effort they believe it takes to receive promotions. For instance, salespeople who realize that a sales manager position is awarded to the person with the highest sales numbers may strive to produce the desired results, generating additional revenue for the company in the process.

Reward for Ability:
Workers possess varying levels of skills and abilities, and a merit-based program rewards those who may have the most to offer the organization in the long run. While tenured employees offer the benefit of greater experience, this does not necessarily equate with more ability. A less experienced worker possessing a greater flair for innovation or creativity may be more likely to generate ideas that help the company more forward in the future.

Disadvantages of Merit Based Promotion:

  • Merit based promotion system is not beneficial for the senior employees. In such a system, a senior employee may or may not get promotion for a long time. It may lead to his frustration.
  • A senior employee may not like that his junior (in age or service), is dictating him terms for doing duties.
  • Senior employees may start doing lesser work.
  • Such a system may lead to indiscipline in the organization.

(b) Purpose of performance appraisal:
Organization uses performance appraisals for Evaluation and Developmental purposes to improve the human resources of an organization by human resources of an organization.

Evaluation :
To let employees know where they stand relative to performance objectives and standards. An effective entails the following:

  • Establishes performance standards that are measurable performance standards.
  • Sets mutually acceptable and measurable performance standards.
  • Provides continues feedback to employees about their performance.
  • Accurately measures performance.
  • Compares performance with performance standards.
  • Develops employees where necessary’ or take corrective action where appropriate.

Development:
Assist in training and continued personal development of people. Developed employees are more motivated, commuted and competent to achieve their work roles and goals. They can contribute effectively in improving the organization effectiveness.
Performance appraisal is a formal, structure system that compares employee performance to established standards. Purpose of performance appraisal can be broadly of two types viz; administrative purposes and developmental purposes.

Administrative Purposes:
Administrative purposes includes:

  • Document human resource decision with regard to performance and its related issues.
  • Determine promotion of employees.
  • Determine transfer and change in job assignments.
  • Identify poor performance areas of employees.
  • Decide on layoffs.
  • Meet legal requirements.
  • Evaluate the performance of training programmes.
  • Decide on salary’ and reward issues. ‘
  • Decide retention or termination.

Question 4.
(a) Define motivation. Differentiate between monetary and non-monetary factors affecting motivation.
(b) Discuss the hierarchy of needs as given by Ma slow.
Answer:
Motivation : Motivation is the word derived from the word motive which means needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals. It is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals.

Monetary Factors Non-Monetary Factors
1. These are financial benefits. 1. These are non-financial benefits.
2. The purpose of monetary incentives is to reward associates for excellent job performance through money. Monetary incentives include profit sharing, project bonuses, stock options and warrants, scheduled bonuses. 2. The purpose of non monetary incentives is to reward associates for excellent job performance through opportunities. Non-monetary incentives include flexible work hours, training, pleasant work environment.

(b) There are five different levels in Mas low’s hierarchy of needs:
Physiological Needs: These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food, and sleep. Ma slow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met.

Security Needs : These include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment.

Social Needs: These include needs for belonging, love, and affection. Ma slow described these needs as less basic than physiological and security’ needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community’ or religious groups.

Esteem Needs: After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs become increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment.

Self-actualizing Needs : This is the highest level of Mas low’s hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self- aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested fulfilling their potential.
ISC Business Studies Question Paper 2013 Solved for Class 12 2
Question 5.
(а) Write short note an Internal Communication in an organization.
(b) Oral communication is an unreliable yet popular method of Communication. ‘Discuss.
Answer:
(a) Internal communication in an organization : Internal communication is the transmission of information between organizational members or parts of the organization. It takes place across all levels and organizational units of an organization. One of the basic aims of effective internal communication is to get the management’s message across to the employees.

The following are a few reasons why internal communications are important from an employee’s perspective

  • Even employee wants to be informed
  • Information is required to build trust
  • Every employee wants to understand growth
  • Every employee feels involved
  • Every employee wants to contribute
  • Makes the employees feel good
  • Makes the employees learn

It is easy for organisations to loose gravity on the importance of effective internal communications, as it usually becomes a mandate and part of the process once the organisation crosses the medium size. Many organisations use communications to push content which usually would be from the perspective of the management rather than from the employee’s.

(b) Oral communication is the process of verbally transmitting information and ideas from one individual or group to another. Oral communication can be either Formal or Informal. Examples of informal oral communication include :

  • Face-to-face conversations
  • Telephone conversations
  • Discussions that take place at business meetings

More formal types of oral communication include :

  • Presentations at business meetings
  • Classroom lectures
  • Commencement speech given at a graduation ceremony

With advances in technology, new forms of oral communication continue to develop.

Advantages:
However, oral communication has little authentication, yet it is the most popular form of communication in the organization. There are many situations in which it makes sense to choose oral over written communication.

  • Oral communication is more personal and less formal than written communication. If time is limited and a business matter requires quick resolution, it may be best to have a face-to-face or telephone conversation.
  • There is also more flexibility in oral communication; you can discuss different aspects of an issue and make decisions more quickly than you can in writing.
  • Oral communication can be especially effective in addressing conflicts or problems. Talking things over is often the best way to settle disagreements or misunderstandings.
  • Oral communication is a great way to promote employee morale and maintain energy and enthusiasm within a team.

Question 6.
(a) Why are tests conducted in a selection procedure. State any two advantages and any two limitations of such tests.
(b) With the help of suitable examples, explain the following:
(a) Bar graph.
(b) Pie diagram
Answer:
(a) Candidates who arc identified as right qualified person will be invited to the selection process which involves different kinds of tests for knowing know ledge, skills and attitude that arc required for performing would be given job.

Advantages of Test:
Proper Assessment:
Tests provide a basis for finding out the suitability of candidates for various jobs.
The mental capability, aptitude, liking and interests of the candidates enable the selectors to find out whether a person is suitable for the job for which he is a candidate.

Objective Assessment:
Tests provide better objective criteria than any other method. Subjectivity’ of every type is almost eliminated.

Limitations of Tests :
Unreliable:
The inferences drawn from the tests may not be correct in certain cases. The skill and ability of a candidate may not be properly judged with the help of tests.

Wrong Use :
The tests may not be properly used by the employees. Those persons who are conducting these tests may be biased towards certain persons. This will falsify the results of tests. Tests may also give unreliable results if used by incompetent persons.

(b) Bar graphs are used to display data in a similar way to line graphs. However, rather than using a point on a plane to define a value, a bar graph uses a horizontal or vertical rectangular bar that levels off at the appropriate level.

When the information is shown through a circle, it is called a pie chart. Pie charts are often used when it is necessary’ to show the relationship of parts to a whole. If you use too many segments in the pie, the impact could be lost. We represent the information in the pie through’ percentage. In this chart shading may be used to focus special attention on a single element.

Question 7.
(a) What are formal motions? Explain any two types of formal motions.
(b) Give two points of distinction between each of the following:
(i) Ordinary Resolution and Special Resolution.
(ii) Annual General Meetings and Extra Ordinary General Meeting.
(iii) Private Report and Public Report.
(iv) Statutory Report and Non-Statutory Report.
Answer:
(a) Formal Motions:
Formal motions are the motions which act upon the processes or procedures being followed in the meeting. They are about the running of the meeting. Formal meeting motions are very effective tools for productive meetings. An elementary know ledge of the Robert’s rules of order is essential for the chairman and members.

A formal meeting motion is a statement made by a registered member during a meeting describing what is to be done and how it is to be accomplished. Motions facilitate action. For any organization to function effectively, the chairman and members should have a basic understanding of different types of motions and their appropriate uses.

(b) (i)

Special Resolution Ordinary Resolution
A resolution shall be an ordinary resolution when at a general meeting of which the notice required under this Act has been duly given, the votes cast (whether on a show of hands, or on a poll, as the case may be), in favor of the resolution (including the casting vote, if any, of the chairman) by members w ho. being entitled so to do, vote in person, or where proxies are allowed, by proxy, exceed the votes, if any, cast against the resolution by members so entitled and voting. A resolution shall be a special resolution when – (a) the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution has been duly specified in the notice calling the general meeting or other intimation given to the members of the resolution; (b) the notice required under this Act has been duly given of the general meeting; and (c) the votes cast in favor of the resolution (whether on a show of hands, or on a poll, as the (base may be) by members who, being entitled so to do, vote in person, or where proxies are allowed, by proxy, are not less than three times the number of the votes, if any, cast against the resolution by members so entitled and voting.

(ii) Annual General Meeting :
Every company shall in each year hold in addition to any other meetings a general meeting as its annual general meeting. Such a meeting will be held not more than fifteen months shall elapse betw een the date of one annual general meeting of a company and that of the next. A company may hold its first annual general meeting within a period of not more than ‘ eighteen months from the date of its incorporation; and if such general meeting is held within that period, it shall not be necessary for the company to hold any annual general meeting in the year of its incorporation or in the following year:
Every annual general meeting shall be called for a time during business hours, on a day that is not a public holiday.

(iii) Extra Ordinary General Meeting :
The Board of Directors of a company shall proceed duly to call an extraordinary general meeting of the company. The requisition shall set out the matters for the consideration of which the meeting is to be called, shall be signed by the requisitionists and shall be deposited at the registered office of the company. The requisition may consist of several documents in like form, each signed by one or more revolutionists.

(iv) Statutory Report:
The Companies Act of 1956 has made it compulsory for all companies to maintain certain sets of books of account for recording the financial transactions and to publish its annual statements in the prescribed form from time to time.

Some important provisions relating to preparation and publication of final accounts are as follows:

  • Publication of Balance Sheet
  • Form and Contents of Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account etc.

If the directors fail to do so, that is considered civil and criminal offence and they may be penalized for that offence. So all companies disclose this information without failure.

Non Statutory Reports:
Non-statutory report is also at par in importance with statutory disclosure to get the complete idea of the companies business and prospects. It is discretionary to give non-statutory information in the annual reports. It depends on the company’s policy to disclose it.

Question 8.
(a) Write short notes on :
(i) Under Certificate of Posting
(ii) Franking Machine.
(b) A consignment of 1000 bed-sheets received by your organization has the following defects :

  • 200 bed-sheets are of the color not ordered.
  • 60 bed-sheets have defective weaving.

In the light of these defects, write a letter of complaint to the supplier, M/s A. B. C. Ltd.
Answer:
(a) Under Certificate of Posting : It was a postal service in which the ordinary letters were sent and post office issued a confirmation on a paper that the said article has been received by it. There was a nominal fee of ₹ 2/- up to three articles (letters). In addition to postal stamps affixed on the envelopes, the sender had to write the detail of addressee on a plain paper and had to affix stamps of ₹ 2.

This paper, after putting the Post Mark, was returned to the sender of the articles. This service served a legal proof that article had been sent by the sender. The Postal Department has discontinued the UPC service (Ordinary post service) from the last few years.

The franking machine is used to weigh and correctly frank all of your outgoing mail, meaning you no longer need to waste time standing in lengthy Post Office queues to wait on mail being processed. It will do all of this and more for you, allowing you to run your office and manage your time more efficiently. You are effectively cutting out the middle man, by doing the job of the person behind the counter at the Post Office.

(b)

KHANNA HOSIERY PVT LTD
121, Khanna Road
Ludhiana-141001
Phone-0161-2267356-62
Email: orders@khannahosierv.in

30.04.2015

The Sales Manager
M/s A.B.C. Hand looms
G T Road
Panipat-136101
Dear Sir,
SUBJECT : DEFECTS AND DISCREPANCIES IN ITEMS SUPPLIED BY YOUR FIRM
REFERENCE: ORDER NO. 121 DATED 25.04.2015
With above referred order, we had ordered the following items to your firm :

  1. Classic Bed-Sheets 200 Pink
  2. Classic Bed-Sheets 300 Blue
  3. Evergreen Bed-Sheets 200 Green
  4. Evergreen Bed-Sheets 300 Orange

We have received the consignment today and noted that Classic Bed-Sheets (200 number) have been received in Yellow color instead of Pink Colour. Out of 300 bed-sheets of Evergreen mark, 60 bed-sheets have defective weaving and cannot be sold due to the visible defect.

We are getting the items packed for return and the same will be dispatched to your firm by next delivery service. On receipt of the items, you may credit the full proceeds of returned items, to our Account no. 0800100018811.

Yours faithfully,
(Narender Kumar)
Purchases In charge.

ISC Class 12 Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers

ISC Business Studies Question Paper 2014 Solved for Class 12

ISC Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper 2014 Solved for Class 12

Maximum Marks: 80
Time allowed: Three hours

  • Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.
  • Answer Question 1 (Compulsory) from Part I and five questions from Part II, choosing two questions from Section A, two questions from Section B and one question from either Section A or Section B.
  • The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Part-I
(Answer all questions)

Question 1.
Answer briefly each of the questions (i) to (xv) [15 x 2]
(i) Give two points of distinction between external sources and internal sources of recruitment.
(ii) Explain the relevance of medical examination in a selection process.
(iii) State any two consequences of low morale.
(iv) What is a pay slip ? How is it different from a pay roll ?
(v) What is merit grading method of staff appraisal ?
(vi) State any two qualities of a good leader.
(vii) How can transfer be used as a punishment by the employer 9
(viii) What is the importance of feedback in a communication process ?
(ix) ‘Post script should be avoided in a business letter.’ Comment.
(x) What is a letter of quotation ?
(xi) Explain Information Report.
(xii) Distinguish between minutes and reports in the context of company meetings.
(xiii) Why is histogram called a two dimensional graph ?
(xiv) What is the importance of the PIN code in a postal address ?
(xv) With reference to Post Office Services, expand the following:
(a) GPO
(b) UPC
Answer:
(i)

Internal Sources of Recruitment External Sources of Recruitment
1. It refers to the sources of recruitment suggested/referred by the existing staff of the organization.

2. It is a cheaper source of recruitment.

 1. It refers to the sources of recruitment of workforce from outside the organization.

2. It is an expensive source of recruitment.

(ii) Medical examination is a vital thing in the selection process. It ensures that the selected candidate is physically fit for the job and he does not suffer from any serious illness/disease which may create problem in future.

(iii) (a) High rates of absenteeism.
(b) Excessive complaints and grievances.
(c) Low turnover.

(iv) A pay slip is a small paper document which shows full details of monthly wages, deductions made and net w ages of an individual. It is different from payroll as a payroll represents full information relating to the pays of all the employees working in an organization.

(v) Under merit grading method, the performance of the employees is evaluated against certain grades such as poor, good, very good, excellent or outstanding, satisfactory or unsatisfactory. The grade which describes his performance can be allocated to him.

(vi) (a) A good leader has an exemplary character.
(b) A good leader is confident.
(c) A good leader as well as keeping the main goal in focus is able to think analytically.

(vii) Transfer is a mild form of punishment in the hands of employer. It is used due to poor performance or erratic behaviour of an employee. An employer can transfer the services of such employee to a remote or inconvenient place.

(viii) Feedback also enables us to evaluate the effectiveness of our message. It makes communication meaningful. It is the end-result of an idea and makes communication a continuous process. If our audience doesn’t understand w hat we mean, w e can tell by the response and then refine the message accordingly.

(ix) In a business letter, postscript should be avoided, as its use shows the carelessness of the letter writer.

(x) A letter of quotation is any letter written in reference to the price of a service or product. This could range from a customer or client requesting or accepting a quote, to the supplier or service provider sending the quote amount. Either of these letters could be headed as a letter of quotation.

(xi) An informational report presents the data collected or facts observed in an organized form. It is a description of an event as it is and not as it should be. It does not make any recommendations.

(xii)

Minutes Reports
1. It is a record of the resolutions adopted in a meeting along with names of mover, manner of voting and results. 1. It is a gist of decisions
2. It starts with the word ‘RESOLVED’. 2. It does not have any keyword for starting

(xiv) PIN code number helps in sorting and distributing the mail by post office staff. It speeds up the delivery of the letters and articles by the post offices.

(xiii) A histogram is a type of graph that has wide applications in statistics. Histograms allow a visual interpretation of numerical data by indicating the number of data points that lie within a range of values, called a class or a bin. The frequency of the data that falls in each class is depicted by the use of a bar.

(xv) (i) GPO — General Post Office
(ii) UPC — Under Postal Certificate

Part – II
Answer any five questions

Question 2.
(a) Why are advertisements in the newspaper the most popular source of recruitment ? [6]
(b) Name and explain any four types of training. [8]
Answer:
(a) Newspaper advertising is very popular due to its following features :

  • Newspaper advertising is economical.
  • Newspapers have widespread publicity.
  • Newspapers have significant readership.
  • Newspaper advertising can carry complete information for candidates

(b) Types of Training :

Induction training: It is also known as orientation training given for the new recruits in order to make them familiarize with the internal environment of an organization. It helps the employees to understand the procedures, code of conduct, policies existing in that organization.

Job instruction training : This training provides an overview about the job and experienced trainers demonstrates the entire job. Additional training is offered to employees after evaluating their performance if necessary.

Vestibule training: It is the training on actual work to be done by an employee but conducted away from the work place.

Refresher training : This type of training is offered in order to incorporate the latest development in a particular field. This training is imparted to upgrade the skills of employees. This training can also be used for promoting an employee.

Question 3.
(a) Explain time rate system of wage payment. State and explain any two advantages and two disadvantages of this system. [6]
(b) State and explain any four non-monetary incentives that can be used to motivate employees. [8]
Answer:
(a) This is the oldest method of wage payment. “Time’” is made a basis for determining wages of worker. Under this system, the wages are paid according to the time spent by workers irrespective of his output of work done. The wage rates are fixed for an hour, a day, week, a month or even a year (seldom used).

For example, a wage rate of ? 70 per day is fixed in an industrial unit. Two workers A and B attend work for 28 and 16 days respectively. The wages as per time wage system will be ? 1960 and ? 1120 for A and B respectively. This method of wage payment does not give weight age to the quantity of goods produced by the workers.

The supervisor may ensure that workers do not waste their time and the quality of goods is also maintained. There are no hard and fast rules for fixing rates of wages. These may be decided according to the level of the past higher positions may be paid higher rates and vice- versa.

Wages are calculated in the method as follows:
Earnings = T × R where T stands for time spent and R is rate of pay.

Advantages:
Simplicity: The method of wage payments is very simple. The workers will not find any difficulty in calculating the wages. The time spent by a person multiplied by the rate will determine his wages.

Security : Workers are guaranteed minimum wages for the time spent by them. There is nb link between wages and output, wages are paid irrespective of output. They are not supposed , to complete particular task for getting their wages. They are sure to set certain wages at the end of a specified period of time spent in working.

Limitations:
Wastage of time : Workers may waste their time because they will not be following a target of production. Efficient workers may also follow slow workers because there is no distinction between them. This may lead to wastage of time.

Low production: Since wages are not related to output, production rate shall be low. The responsibility for increasing production may mostly lie on supervisors. Because of low production, overhead expenses per unit will go up, leading to higher production cost.

(b) Besides the monetary incentives, there are certain non-financial incentives which can satisfy the ego and self- actualization needs of employees. The incentives which cannot be measured in terms of money are under the category of “Non- monetary incentives”. Whenever a manager has to satisfy the psychological needs of the subordinates, he makes use of non- financial incentives. Non- financial incentives can be of the following types:-

Security of service : Job security is an incentive which provides great motivation to employees. If his job is secured, he will put maximum efforts to achieve the objectives of the enterprise. This also helps since he is very far off from mental tension and he can give his best to the enterprise.

Praise or recognition : The praise or recognition is another non- financial incentive which satisfies the ego needs of the employees. Sometimes praise becomes more effective than any other incentive. The employees will respond more to praise and try to give the best of their abilities to a concern.

Suggestion scheme : The organization should look forward to taking suggestions and inviting suggestion schemes from the subordinates. This inculcates a spirit of participation in the employees. This can be done by publishing various articles written by employees to improve the work environment which can be published in various magazines of the company. This also is helpful to motivate the employees to feel important and they can also be in search for innovative methods which can be applied for better work methods. This ultimately helps in growing a concern and adapting new methods of operations.

Job enrichment : Job enrichment is another non – monetary incentive in which the job of a worker can be enriched. This can be done by increasing his responsibilities, giving him an important designation, increasing the content and nature of the work. This way efficient worker can get challenging jobs in which they can prove their worth. This also helps in the greatest motivation of the efficient employees.

Promotion opportunities : Promotion is an effective tool to increase the spirit to work in a concern. If the employees are provided opportunities for the advancement and growth, they feel satisfied and contented and they become more committed to the organization.

Question 4.
(a) Define leadership. Explain the importance of autocratic and democratic styles of leadership.
(b) Define promotion. Discuss any three advantages and any three disadvantages of seniority based promotion.
Answer:
(a) Leadership is the action of leading people in an organization towards achieving goals. Leaders do this by influencing employee behaviors in several ways. A leader sets a’ clear vision for the organization, motivates employees, guides employees through the work process and builds morale.

Styles of leadership:
Autocratic Leadership : It is a leader-oriented style. Autocratic leaders make decisions without consulting their team members, even if their input would be useful. This can be appropriate when you need to make decisions quickly, when there’s no need for team input, and when team agreement isn’t necessary for a successful outcome. However, this style can be demoralizing, and it can lead to high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover.

Democratic Leadership : It is participation-oriented leadership. Democratic leaders make the final decisions, but they include team members in the decision-making process. They encourage creativity, and people are often highly engaged in projects and decisions. As a result, team members tend to have high job satisfaction and high productivity’. This is not always an effective style to use, though, when you need to make a quick decision.

(b) Promotion refers to upward movement in present job leading to greater responsibilities, higher status and better salary. Promotion may be temporary or permanent depending upon the organizational requirement. According to Clothier and Spriegel. Promotion is the transfer of an employee to a job which pays more money or one that carries some preferred status.

Advantages of Seniority based Promotion:

  • It is an objective means of distinguishing among personnel. Under this criterion it is not the management but the system which rank individuals.
  • The measurement with this criterion is both simple and exact.
  • The criterion is in consonance with our culture in which seniority is respected in all walks of life.
  • The criterion gives a feeling of security and assurance to the individual who can calculate his promotion well in advance.
  • Seniority, being valued as an asset, prevents people from leaving an organization. It thus reduces labor turnover.

Disadvantages of Seniority Based Promotion:
Excessive emphasis on seniority leads to the promotion of incompetents. Oldest is not always the ablest. Accumulation of years of experience or length of service does not invariably produce ability. In any case, the demonstrated ability’ to perform a given job provides no assurance of the potential to perform at a higher level or in a different type of job, The “Peter principle” certainly is relevant in this context.

When seniority is the only deciding factor in promotion, initiative inevitably withers away. Human nature being what it is. few people will take the trouble of qualifying themselves for the next rung up the ladder if they can achieve the same goal merely by “putting in time.”

The seniority criterion adversely affects the morale of meritorious workers and drives the ambitious and able men, with little service, out of the organization.

Question 5.
(a) Explain video conferencing. Discuss any two advantages of using it in business world. [6]
(b) Discuss the advantages of written communication. [8]
Answer:
(a) Video Conferencing service allows multiple participants to converse with each other regardless of their location through the video end-points or Personal computers. It involves Video and Audio communication. It’s about connecting people. A video conference subscriber can add two or more video participants in a particular conference. The customers can schedule their video conferences through the Web. The video conferencing service can be availed by any’ user through IP or ISDN interface.

Advantages of VC for Business World:
Significant Travel Savings: The constant climb of air travel prices barely seems like news anymore, and smart organizations are finding alternatives. Not only is video conferencing a direct replacement for many in-person business trips, but because there is virtually no cost to add additional key employees to a virtual meeting, you can easily bring the right team together.

Increased Productivity: Everyone has experienced the classic never ending “conference call from hell,” and video conferencing all but eliminates those problems, even from large group calls. Important meetings are shorter and more effective. Video conferencing users report saving a minimum of two hours a week with the technology. The interactivity of group collaboration and document sharing greatly increases productivity.

(b) Advantages of written communication are :

  • It serves as evidence of events and proceedings.
  • It provides a permanency of record for future references.
  • It reduces the possibility- of misunderstanding and misinterpretation.
  • It can save time when mam persons must be contacted.
  • It is reliable for transmitting lengthy statistical data.
  • It appears formal and authoritative for action.

Question 6.
(a) What is an interview ? Explain any two advantages and any two disadvantages of conducting recruitment interviews. [6]
(b) Write short notes on :
(i) Business Reply Card
(ii) Postal Order [8]
Answer:
(a) An interview is a meeting between two or more persons(one is interviewer and the other is interviewee) for the purpose of getting a view of the person seeking a job (interviewee). It is a face to face communication, how ever, now-a-days, some companies are interviewing the potential candidates by way of video conferencing.

Advantages of the interview method:

  • Very good technique for getting the information about the complex, emotionally laden subjects.
  • Can be easily adapted to the ability’ of the person being interviewed.
  • Yields a good percentage of returns.
  • Yields perfect sample of the general population.
  • Data collected by this method is likely to be more correct compared to the other methods . that are used for the data collection.

Disadvantages of the interview method:

  • Time consuming process.
  • Involves high cost.
  • Requires highly skilled interviewer.
  • Requires more energy.
  • May sometimes involve systematic errors.
  • More confusing and a very complicated method.

(b) Business Reply Card : These cards (may be envelopes or postcards) which are used by business firms to seek a reply from the target customer. The target customer may be a subscriber of any membership of the firm or purchaser of some goods or services. For the purpose, a business firm has to obtain a license from the Local Post Office by paying necessary fee. These business postcards do not bear any postage stamps and bears printed address of the address (company) on it. Customer can send their reply/ subscriptions etc. in them.

Postal Order : A postal order is an order issued by one post office on another to pay a certain sum of money to the payee on production of the order. Postal orders can be . purchased in different denominations from post offices. It can be crossed also. It is valid for 6 months and can be renewed on payment of a nominal fee for another 6 months.

Question 7.
(a) Explain the functions of business letters. [6]
(b) In connection with company meetings, write short notes on :
(i) Proxy
(ii) Voting by Poll. [8]
Answer :
(a) Functions of business letters
Wide Coverage : A business firm cannot sent its representatives to each and every area of operation. It can approach the persons and other firms through letters.

Exchange of Information : Business firms can exchange information with various parties with the help of letters. They can obtain crucial , information from other firms with regard to credit worthiness of other parties.

Documentary Proof : Letters serve as documentary proof. Letters can be used as a documentary evidence in the Court of Law.

Economical: Letters are the economical way of written communication. A message on pages (up to 20 gm) can be send in merely Rupees 5 envelope all over
India.

Lasting Impact : Letters have long lasting impact on the readers. A verbal message may be misleading, but a written letter clears the complete picture.

(b) Proxy means substitute. Section 176 of the Companies Act provides that any member entitled to attend and vote a meeting of the company is entitled to appoint another person(whether a member or not) to attend a meeting and to vote instead of himself. A proxy so appointed shall not make any request to speak at the meeting.

If the members are not satisfied with the result of voting by show of hands, they may demand voting by poll. On a pool, every member is entitled to caste votes in proportion to the number of shares held by him. A proxy can also caste a vote. A proxy is free to distribute his votes in the manner he likes.

Voting by poll may be demanded by:

  • the chairman
  • any five members present in person or by proxy and having the right to vote on the motion in question in case of a public limited company, or
  • one member in case less than seven persons are present, if more than 7 members are present in case of a private limited company

Question 8.
(a) What is a pictogram ? State any four points to be considered while constructing it. [6]
(b) Draft an interview letter for the post of an accountant in your organization. [8]
Answer:
(a) A pictogram is a pictorial representation of statistical data. The number of pictures drawn are in proportion to the values of various items to be presented. Symbols are carefully selected to represent the statistical data correctly. Need of pictogram arises due to following reasons.

  • Pictograms are attractive.
  • They can display data in compact form.
  • It is easy to visualize a pictogram.

(b) EVERGREEN PUBLICATIONS(INDIA) PVT LTD
ND-200, TANDA RAOD
JALANDHAR – 144008
Email: evergreenpublicationsf@jla.net. in
Ref No.
Dated: 29.04.2015

Mrs Archita Jathar
742, Chandan Nagar
Jalandhar

Madam,
With reference to your application for the post of Office Assistant in our Company, we shall be glad if you call on us for a personal interview on 2nd May,2015, at 11.00 am sharp in our office.

Please bring your relevant certificates and testimonials.

Yours faithfully,
(Vikas Sehgal)
Manager-Human Resources Division.

ISC Class 12 Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers

ISC Business Studies Question Paper 2015 Solved for Class 12

ISC Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper 2015 Solved for Class 12

Maximum Marks: 80
Time allowed: Three hours

  • Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.
  • Answer Question 1 (Compulsory) from Part I and five questions from Part II, choosing two questions from Section A, two questions from Section B and one question from either Section A or Section B.
  • The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Part-I
(Answer all questions)

Question 1.
Answer briefly each of the questions (i) to (xv) [15 x 2]
(i) Recruitment is a two way process. Explain.
(ii) What is meant by halo effect in interviewing?
(iii) Distinguish between training and development.
(iv) State two conditions where piece-rate system is most suitable.
(v) Define motivation.
(vi) Give any two advantages of Laissez-Faire style of leadership..
(vii) What is meant by dry promotion?
(viii) Explain the significance of remedial transfer.
(ix) Why layoff is considered to be a softer version of retrenchment ?
(x) Explain the two types of vertical communication.
(xi) Mention two limitations of oral communication.
(xii) State any two pre-requisites for passing a special resolution in a meeting.
(xiii) Differentiate between a statutory report and a non-statutory report.
(xiv) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a window envelope.
(xv) Expand the following:
(a) LAN
(b) WWW
Answer:
(i) It is important for both the job applicant and the organisation to ensure that the right job goes to the right person. Taking the wrong job may be just as disastrous for the employee as for the organisation. Recruitment and selection, therefore, involves the organisation (represented by the manager) and the applicant trying to discover the extent to which their separate interests are likely to be served by the appointment. In other words, it is a two-way process.

(ii) The halo effect is when our impression of someone is skewed by one positive trait, leading us to make generalizations about them as a whole. In short, the halo effect describes our tendency to think someone is good in lots of areas if they’ve impressed us in one area.

(iii) Training and development are two different processes but inter-linked with each other. Training is a short-term process consisting of an event but development indicates the gradual and long¬term process relevant to the growth of personality and maturity regarding their potential capabilities. The scope of training is limited to specific job, development serves the purpose of general knowledge and covers large area. Generally, the characteristics such as to improve the productivity, quality of service organizational climate, health and safety are included in training purposes. The extension in capabilities, job performance and personal growth with the passage of time are the main objectives of development.

(iv) (a) Where production quantity is more important than the quality of the product.
(b) When the work is of repetitive nature.

(v) Motivation is the word derived from the word ‘motive’ which means needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals. It is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals.

(vi) Laissez-faire leadership can be effective in situations where group members are highly skilled, motivated, and capable of working on their own.
Group members also take participation in solving the problems.

(vii) Promotion implies upgrading of an employee to a higher post involving increase in rank and responsibilities and he also gets monetary’ benefits. Dry promotion is a type of promotion that means that the person being promoted does not get any monetary’ benefit.

(viii) Remedial transfer is made to rectify mistakes in selection and placement. As a follow up, the wrongly placed employee is transferred to a more suitable job.

(ix) To lay-off is to temporarily or permanently terminate or get rid of the staff/employee. This is usually done by an company/firm on account of a business slow down as a result of which there is insufficient work to be allotted to an employee who is registered with the establishment and who has not yet been retrenched.

It is suspension or termination of employment (with or without notice) by an employer or management. Generally, a company layoff involves the cessation of employee benefits such as salary or wages. The laid-off employees are paid laid-off compensation. All of the laid-off employees should be taken back in their usual posts, as soon as the lay-off lifted out.

(x) Vertical communication has the forms in upward and downward communication. When a communication flows from a higher level of authority to a lower level of authority. It is called a downward communication. When it flows from lower level of authority to higher level of authority, it is called an upward communication.

(xi) Relying only on oral communication may not be sufficient as business communication is formal and very organized. Oral communication is less authentic than written communication as they are informal and not as organized as written communication. Oral communication is time-saving as far as daily interactions are concerned, but in case of meetings, long speeches consume lot of time and are unproductive at times.

(xii) A written resolution is passed by a majority of not less than 75% if it is passed by members representing not less than 75% of the total voting rights of eligible members. A resolution passed at a meeting on a show of hands is passed by a majority of not less than 75% if it is passed by not less than 75% of

  • the members who, being entitled to do so, vote in person on the resolution, and
  • the persons who vote on the resolution as duly appointed proxies of members entitled to vote on it.

(xiii) Every company incorporated under the companies act is required to get its accounts audited by a Chartered Accountant in Practice to ensure true and fair view of the accounts. Further, the auditor has to ensure compliance with various provisions of the Companies Act. Statutory Audit , ensures reliability of annual accounts of the company for various consumers of Accounts of the Company like government, shareholders, debtors, creditors, bankers etc. A non-statutory audit is a review and verification of a company or organization’s business that is not required by either the law or a regulatory agency.

(xiv) Advantage of window envelope: If a letter bears a complete address, the letter can be folded in such a manner to place the address behind the window. In such a way, address needs not be written by hand on the envelope.

Disadvantage : This type of envelope is costly and it bears a risk to tearing off the window.

(xv) LAN — Local Area Network
WWW — World Wide Web

Part — II
Answer any five questions

Question 2.
(a) State and explain any three steps involved in the selection procedure. [6]
(b) Differentiate between the wage incentive plans given by Halsey and Rowan. [8]
Answer:
(a) 1. Job Analysis : The first step in selection process is analyzing the job. Job analy sis consists of two parts :

  • Job Description, and
  • Job Specification.

Proper job analysis helps to advertise the job properly. Accordingly, the right candidates may apply for the job, thus saving a lot of time and effort of the selectors.

Advertising the Job : The next step is to advertise the job. The job can be advertised through various media. The right details about the job and the candidate must be given in the advertisement.

Initial Screening: The initial screening can be done of the applications and of the applicant. Usually, a junior executive does the screening work. At this stage, the executive may check on the general personality, age, qualifications, family background of the candidate. The candidate may also be informed of salary, working conditions, etc.

(b)Bonus – Under Halsey plan the bonus increases steadily with increase in efficiency. But in Rowan plan the bonus increases up to a certain point and starts declining thereafter. Rowan plan provides better bonus than Halsey plan till the work is completed in half the standard time.

When the work is completed in exactly half the standard time, the bonus is the same under both the plans. When the work is completed in less than half the standard time, bonus is greater under Halsey plan.

Under Rowan plan, less efficient worker may get the same bonus as a more efficient one. For example, if the standard time is 10 hours and hourly rate of wage is ₹ 10, the bonus payable under the plan will be ₹ 24 when the work is completed in 6 hours. The same amount of bonus is payable to another worker who takes only 4 hours to complete it.

Earnings per hour: Under the Rowan plan when time saved is less than 50% of standard time, earnings per hour is higher whereas under Halsey plan when time saved is more than 50% of standard time, earnings per hour is higher. At 50% time saved, earnings per hour are the same under both the plans.

Quality of output: The quality of work is not affected much under Rowan plan as the bonus increases at a decreasing rate at higher levels of efficiency and the workers do not prefer to rush work.

Question 3.
(a) Define training. Give any four benefits that an employee can get from training. [6]
(b) With the help of a diagram, explain the hierarchy of needs as given by Ma slow. [8]
Answer:
(a) Training is a process to increase the skills and knowledge of the employee doing a specific job.
Training has many benefits for employees:

  1. They acquire new skills, increasing their contribution to the business and building their self-esteem
  2. The training they do can take them into other positions within the organisation – positions with better prospects and/or better pay.
  3. They are up skilled to do new and different tasks, which keeps them motivated and fresh.
  4. The trained employees are well aware of working techniques. They tend to minimize their mistakes in the processes.

(b) There are five different levels in Mas low’s hierarchy of needs:
Physiological Needs : These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food, and sleep. Ma slow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met.

Security Needs: These include needs for safety’ and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment.

Social Needs : These include needs for belonging, love, and affection. Maslow described these needs as less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or religious groups.

Esteem Needs : After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self¬esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment.

Self-actualizing Needs : This is the highest level of Mas low’s hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested in fulfilling their potential.
ISC Business Studies Question Paper 2015 Solved for Class 12 1

Question 4.
(a) State three advantages and three disadvantages of merit based promotion. [6]
(b) Define performance appraisal. Briefly explain the pros and cons of staff appraisal of subordinates by their superiors. [8]
Answer:
(a) Advantages of Merit Based Promotion

No favoritism: A seniority-based promotion structure can eliminate the perception of favoritism. Employers typically won’t have to worry about a newer worker coming in and quickly leapfrogging them to obtain a promotion simply because they are friends with an upper-level supervisor or because of the way they dress or that they are more effective at playing the game of corporate politics. Instead, workers have a sense that if they pay their dues, they will be rewarded at some point in the future.

Motivation Boost: A merit-based program, on the other hand, can provide motivation leading to increased productivity. Workers who recognize that the best performers are the ones who get ahead may put forth the extra effort they believe it takes to receive promotions. For instance, salespeople w ho realize that a sales manager position is awarded to the person with the highest sales numbers may strive to produce the desired results, generating additional revenue for the company in the process.

Reward for Ability : Workers possess varying levels of skills and abilities, and a merit-based program rewards those who may have the most to offer the organization in the long run. While tenured employees offer the benefit of greater experience, this does not necessarily equate with more ability. A less experienced worker possessing a greater flair for innovation or creativity may be more likely to generate ideas that help the company move forward in the future.

Disadvantages of Merit Based Promotion:

  • Merit based promotion system is not beneficial for the senior employees. In such a system, a senior employee may or may not get promotion for a long time. It may lead to his frustration.
  • A senior employee may not like that his junior (in age or service), is dictating him terms for doing duties.
  • Senior employees may start doing lesser work.
  • Such a system may lead to indiscipline in the organization.

(b) Performance Appraisal is the systematic evaluation of the performance of employees and to understand the abilities of a person for further growth and development.

PROS:
They provide a document of employee performance over a specific period of time.

  • They provide a structure where a manager can meet and discuss performance with an employ ee.
  • They allow a manager the opportunity to provide the employee with feedback about their performance and discuss how well the employee goals were accomplished.
  • They provide a structured process for an employee to clarify expectations and discuss issues with their manager.
  • They provide a structure for thinking through and planning the upcoming year and developing employee goals.
  • They can motivate employees if supported by a good merit increase and compensation system.

CONS:

  • If not done right, they can create a negative experience.
  • Performance appraisals are very time consuming and can be overwhelming to managers with many employees.
  • They are based on human assessment and are subject to rater errors and biases.
  • Can be a waste of time if not done appropriately.
  • They can create a very stressful environment for everyone involved.

Question 5.
(a) Explain the various elements of the communication process. [6]
(b) Write short notes on the following :
(i) Dictaphone [8]
(ii) Email
Answer:
(a) Sender: The person who intends to convey the message with the intention of passing information and ideas to others is known as sender or communicator.

Ideas : This is the subject matter of the communication. This may be an opinion, attitude, feelings, views, orders or suggestions.

Encoding: Since the subject matter of communication is theoretical and intangible, its further passing requires use of certain symbols such as words, actions or pictures etc. Conversion of subject matter into these symbols is the process of encoding.

Communication Channel: The person who is interested in communicating has to choose the channel for sending the required information, ideas etc. This information is transmitted to the receiver through certain channels which may be either formal or informal.

Receiver : Receiver is the person who receives the message or for whom the message is meant for. It is the receiver who tries to understand the message in the best possible manner in achieving the desired objectives.

Decoding : The person who receives the message or symbol from the communicator tries to convert the same in such a way so that he may extract its meaning to his complete understanding.

Feedback : Feedback is the process of ensuring that the receiver has received the message and understood in the same sense as sender meant it.

(b) A Dictaphone is a specialized piece of recording technology’. These devices arc primarily’ designed to facilitate the recording and subsequent transcription of the spoken word.

Email is short for ‘electronic mail. Similar to a letter, it is sent via the internet to a recipient. An email address is required to receive email, and that address is unique to the user. Some people use internet-based applications and some use programs on their computer to access and store emails.

Question 6.
(a) Name and explain any three staff locating systems that can be used in a modem organisation. [6]
(b) Discuss any four advantages and any four limitations of face to face communication. [8]
Answer:
(a) Staff locating devices
Cell Phones : Most of the companies have provided cell phones to their employees or they are possessing it at their own. Immediate contact can be made by the person from office. If the person is not in the position to attend the call, atleast he comes to know from where call is being received.

Bells and Buzzers : Bells and buzzers are devices which produce sound on pressing a button. This button is located at the table of the superior and by pressing the button bell sounds outside his room/cabin and the sub-staff/peon to whom it is intended reaches to the location of calling official.

Loud Speakers : Speakers can also be used in locating the employees. The message by the official is given to the Reception Area or other concerned employee who makes an announcement on public speaker system to address an employee.

(b) Advantages of Face to Face Communication:
Demonstrate importance: Being there in person tells your audience that they are important to you and the issue you are discussing is worth your time and theirs. Your focus will get people’s attention and increase the potential for your message to be heard.

Interpret thoughts and feelings : When you are face to face, you can see and respond to people’s reactions – like facial expressions and body language – as well as their tone of voice. Leaders have the chance to show they care by asking probing questions and actively listening to understand the audience’s perspective. This is especially critical when you need employees to adopt new behaviors to advance your goals, such as in times of change.

Enhance credibility and trust: Face-to-face situations allow you to share your strategy, explain it clearly, and answer questions honestly. Employees see how actions align with words, which enhances leaders’ credibility and trust.

Build relationships: Interacting directly with other leaders, managers and employees expands your network and establishes shared experience that can enhance future communication. It also helps create camaraderie that is the basis of cooperation and success across the organization.

Disadvantages of Face to Face Communication:

  • Difficult to practice in large-sized organization: Face-to-face communication is extremely difficult to practice in large-sized organizations, particularly if their various units or departments are situated at different places.
  • Not effective in large gatherings : It is very difficult to get a message across to large gatherings. Even though the speaker is addressing them face-to-face, the vital personal touch is missing. In the absence of a satisfactory feedback, his speech lapse into a monologue.
  • Ineffective if the listener is not attentive: A limitation which the face-to-face communication shares with oral communication is that its effectiveness is closely linked with the listener’s attentiveness. Since human beings can listen to grasp the message faster than the speed at which they are delivered, they will easily get delivered thus making
  • communication ineffective.
  • Responsibility: No responsibility can be fixed on the part of speaker or listener as there is no record available for such communication.

Question 7.
(a) What are the advantages of having centralized mailing department in an organization ? [6]
(b) With reference to board meetings of a company, answer the following :
(i) What should be the frequency of these meetings ?
(ii) What all have the power to convene these meetings ?
(iii) What are the rules governing the serving of notice of these meetings ?
(iv) What course of action should be taken if quorum is not present for these meetings ?
Answer:
(a) Advantages of Centralized Mailing Department
Cost Saving: A centralized mailing department saves costs. Instead of having a mailing seat in each department, a single centralized mailing department can save a lot of staff costs. It results in saving of clerical labour in the various departments. Departmental clerks and stenographers, being relieved of the mail handling work, can perform their departmental work better.

Proper Record: Proper record of letters received and dispatched is maintained in a single department.

Duplication and Errors : Mail-handling operation can be systematized which reduces duplication and errors, thereby effecting saving in time and cost.

Responsibility of Workers: Responsibility for performing the different routine operations can be entrusted to different workers who have special aptitude for such work. This ensures accurate and speedy performance of work.

Careful Handling of Letters: Prompt and careful opening of inwards mail,careful scrutinizing of the envelopes and their enclosures, accurate stamping of date and time of receipt and prompt distribution of mail to proper departments and persons is ensured. Similarly, careful folding and insertion into envelops of outwards mail, proper sealing and stamping of the envelopes, accurate recording in Post Book and prompt dispatch or delivery of the mail is also ensured.

(b) (i) Frequency of Meeting: Section 173 of the Act deals with Meetings of the Board and Section 174 deals with quorum.
The Act provides that the first Board meeting should be held within thirty days of the date of incorporation.

In addition to the first meeting to be held within thirty days of the date of incorporation there shall be minimum of four Board meetings every year and not more than one hundred and twenty days shall intervene between two consecutive Board meetings.

In case of One Person Company (OPC), small company and dormant company, at least one Board meeting should be conducted in each half of the calendar year and the gap between two meetings should not be less than Ninety days.

Board of Directors

Notice of every meeting of the Board of directors of a company must be given in writing to every director for time being in Indias and to every other director at the usual address in India.

(iv) If the quorum is not present within half an hour of the appointed time, then the meeting shall be adjourned to the same day next week at the same time and place or such other time and place as the Board may determine.

However, if the general meeting is called by revolutionists under section 100 (erstwhile section 169) then in case the quorum is not present within half an hour as above, then the meeting w ill stand cancelled.

For the adjourned meeting however, the company will have to give a fresh notice of at leas! 3 days either by sending individual notices to the shareholders or by publishing an advertisement in newspapers in English and in vernacular language in the district where the registered office of the company is situated. If at the adjourned meeting also quorum is not present within half an hour of the appointed time then whatever quorum is present will constitute a proper quorum.

Question 8.
(a) With reference to visual communication, explain the following: [6]
(i) Pie diagram
(ii) Bar graph
(iii) Histogram
(b) Draft an application in response to an advertisement for the post of a Physics teacher for teaching classes XI and XII. An appropriate Bio-data of the applicant should be prepared and enclosed with the application.
Answer:
(a) When the information is shown through a circle, it is called a pie chart. Pie charts are often used when it is necessary to show the relationship of parts to a whole. If you use too many segments in the pie, the impact could be lost. We represent the information in the pie through percentage. In this chart shading may be used to focus special attention on a single element.

Bar graphs are used to display data in a similar way to line graphs. However, rather than using a point on a plane to define a value, a bar graph uses a horizontal or vertical rectangular bar that levels off at the appropriate level.

There are many characteristics of bar graphs that make them useful. Some of these are that:

  • They make comparisons between different variables very easy to see.
  • They clearly show trends in data, meaning that they show how one variable is affected as the other rises or falls.
  • Given one variable, the value of the other can be easily determined.

A histogram is a type of graph that has wide applications in statistics. Histograms allow a visual interpretation of numerical data by indicating the number of data points that lie within a range of values, called a class or a bin. The frequency of the data that falls in each class is depicted by the use of a bar.

(b)

Naina Khera
12. Kasumpti
Shimla-171005

The Principal,
Tara Hall Public School The Mall
Shimla-171001
Reference : Your advertisement in “The Times of India” dated 20th April, 2015.
Subject : Application letter for the post of Physics Teacher.
Sir,
With reference to your advertisement for the post of Teacher in the Times of India dated 20th April, 2015.1 wish to apply for the same.

I am a very energetic person with excellent communication skills and ready to face any target set by your esteemed School. I am willing to work hard and being young I am also eager to add knowledge with experience.

I hold an M.Sc. degree in Physics from Punjab University, Chandigarh and I have also passed B.Ed. from Indira Gandhi Open University, New Delhi.
My resume is sent here with, for your reference. I shall be much thankful to you. If you grant me an interview call at your convenient time. I am looking forward to join your esteemed School as early as possible.
Thanking You,

Yours faithfully,
(Naina Khera)

Encl: – Resume and Xerox copy of educational certificates.

ISC Class 12 Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers

ISC Business Studies Question Paper 2016 Solved for Class 12

ISC Business Studies Year Question Paper 2016 Solved for Class 12

Maximum Marks: 80
Time allowed: Three hours

  1. Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.
  2. Answer Question 1 (Compulsory) from Part I and five questions from Part II, choosing two questions from Section A, two questions from Section B and one question from either Section A or Section B.
  3. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Part-I (30 Marks)
(Answer all questions)

Question 1.
Answer briefly each of the questions (i) to (xvi) : [15 x 2]
(i) Define recruitment.
(ii) What is the significance of application blank in a selection procedure ?
(iii) Explain how office layout can act as a morale depressant as well as a morale stimulant.
(iv) State any two qualities of a good leader.
(v) Explain self-actualization need as given by Ma slow.
(vi) What is meant by production transfer ?
(vii) Define promotion.
(viii) What is decoding with reference to communication process ?
(ix) Differentiate between horizontal communication and vertical communication.
(x) Distinguish between a cellular phone and a cordless phone.
(xi) How does a business reply card help a business concern ?
(xii) What is the role of an appendix in a report ?
(xiii) Explain quorum.
(xiv) Give any two limitations of visual communication.
(xv) With reference to remuneration of employees, expand the following :
(a) HRA
(b) LTA
Answer:
(i) Recruitment refers to a process of searching for prospective employees and encouraging them to apply for jobs in the organisation. It is a positive process as it stimulates people to apply for jobs.

(ii) A Blank application form is designed to get a written record of candidate’s qualifications, experience and other details. It helps in seeming the necessary information about the candidates qualifications, training, experience, etc. in his own handwriting. This information is useful in determining the suitability of the candidate for the concerned job.

(iii) Office layout can act as a morale depressant as well as morale stimulant by offering meaningful and satisfying job which helps to improve employee morale. On the other hand, morale tends to be low when the job provides no challenge and sanctification and job standards are considered very high.

(iv) Some of the qualities, that are needed to make a leader effective are :
Physical Features : Physical features like height, weight, energy, health, appearance, etc. determine the personality of an individual, which is an important factor in determining success of leadership. A person who is physically fit is likely to appeal as a leader and attracts people.

Knowledge: A leader must possess thorough knowledge and competence of all the subjects, principles, procedures and operations of his field. Intelligent leaders are able to instruct and influence subordinates in an effective manner.

(v) Self-actualization Needs: These are the needs of the highest order. They are generally found in persons w hose first four needs have already been fulfilled. They are concerned with achieving what a person considers to be his mission of life. For instance, getting India free from the British regime was the mission of Mahatma Gandhi. Sense of achievement may be concerned with making new discoveries and doing unique things.

(vi) Production Transfers: Such transfers which are affected from one department of the organisation to another department keeping in view the labor requirements in different departments. In some department labor requirements may be decreasing and in some other they may be increasing. To avoid layoff of trained and efficient employees they are placed in alternate positions in the same organisation.

(vii) Promotion refers to movement of employee from a lower level position to a higher level position, carrying higher responsibilities, facilities, status and pay. For example, the vacant post of General Manager can be filled through promoting branch manager to the position of General Manager.

  • Promotion is a vertical shifting of employees.
  • It helps to improve the motivation, loyalty and satisfaction level of employees.

(viii) Decoding : The sender can send his ideas briefly in the form of symbols or diagrams. Understanding it correctly is called decoding. For example, a telegram carries a long message in the form of a few words and when the receiver tries to understand the message in detail, his effort is called decoding.

(ix) Difference between Horizontal Communication and Vertical Communication.

</tbody border=”2″>

Horizontal Communication Vertical Communication
(i) The flow of information between two or more persons working at the same level of authority is called horizontal communication.

(ii) It is essential for achieving coordination in the enterprise.

 (i) The flow of information from the top level or from the superiors to lower level or subordinates is called vertical communication.

(ii) Its purpose is to communicate policies, procedures, programmes, order etc., through lower levels.

(x) Difference between Cellular phones and Cordless Phone.

Cellular phones Cordless phone
(i) A person can call directly from his/her mobile phone from any place in the world.

(ii) It is a very convenient system but it is expensive.

 (i) It is simply extension of main telephone lines. It is very limited range around or near the main phone.

(ii) It provides convenience in making and receiving calls in any part of the house or office.

(xi) Business reply card helps a business concern to procure mail orders, suggestions on its products, survey reports, etc. Business reply card is a prepaid card in which the sender does not need to affix postage stamps. Postage is borne by the business concern.

(xii) Appendix in a report is a supporting document which is attached to the report. An appendix may contain the following items :

  • reference
  • bibliography
  • glossary etc.

It helps to explain and support the contents and conclusions of the report.

(xiii) A quorum means the specified minimum number of qualified persons whose presence is necessary to transact the legally binding business at a meeting. The members who constitute the quorum must be effective members i.e., entitled to vote at the meeting. The meeting is not legally constituted when the quorum is not present.

(xiv) Limitations of Visual Communication
Costly: The visual methods of communication are more costly than those of other methods. To draw maps, charts, diagram is costly. That is why only large company or organization can use this technique.

Complex presentation: Sometimes visual presentation of information becomes complex. The receivers cannot understand the meaning of the presentation.

(xv) HRA ⇒ House Rent Allowance
LTA ⇒ Leave Travel Allowance

Part-II (70 Marks)
Answer any five questions

Question 2.
(a) Differentiate between induction training and job training. [6]
(b) Filling vacancies from within the organization has some merits as well as demerits. Briefly explain any four such merits and any four demerits. [8]
Answer:
(a) Distinction between Induction Training and On-the-Job Training

Basis of Distinction Induction Training On-the-Job Training
1. Meaning Process of socialization whereby a new employee is made familiar with his work environment. Process of providing knowledge and skills for doing a particular job.
2. Place of training May be outside the workplace. At the workplace.
3. Frequency’ Once in the lifetime of an employee in an organisation. May be several times.
4. Trainee A new employee. Both new and existing employ-
5. Purpose To help an employee adjust to the organisation. To improve efficiency of employee.

(b) Filling vacancies from within the Organisation have some merits as well as demerits . Merits of Internal Sources of Recruitment:
The following are the advantages of internal sources of recruitment:

  • Simple and Economical: The process of selection and placement becomes very simple and economical.
  • No need of Training: There is no need of induction training.
  • Motivation: Motivates the employees to improve their performance.
  • Promotional Avenues: Promotional avenues lead to establishment of industrial peace.

Demerits of Internal Sources of Recruitment:
Internal sources of recruitment suffers from the following demerits :

  • Fresh and more Talented Stock: The scope for the entrance of fresh and more talented stock is reduced.
  • Promotion: Surety of promotion makes the employees lazy.
  • Lack of Competition: It reduces the feeling of competition among the employees.
  • Frequent Transfers: Productivity of an organisation is also affected by frequent transfers.

Question 3.
(a) State any three advantages and any three disadvantages of Piece rate system of wage payment. [6]
(b) Explain the relationship between morale and productivity. [8]
Answer:
(a) There are various advantages of Piece rate system of wage payment:

  • Reward efficient workers.
  • Less Supervision required.
  • It discriminates between the efficient and inefficient workers.

There are also some disadvantages of Piece rate system of wage payment:

  •  Decline in quality
  • Insecurity’
  • Wastage of resources

(b) There can be four combinations of morale and productivity : .
High Morale-High Productivity : High morale reflects a predisposition to be more productive if proper leadership is provided. This situation is likely to occur when employees are motivated to achieve high performance standards through financial and non financial rewards. Complete identity between individual and organisation goals can lead to this situation.

High Morale-Low Productivity : The situation arises when employees spend their time and energy in satisfying their personal objectives unrelated to the company’s goals. Faulty machinery, lack of training, ineffective supervision and restrictive norms of informal groups can also lead to low productivity on the part of employees with high morale.

Low Morale-High Productivity : Low morale cannot result in high productivity for a long period. However, this situation can occur for a temporary period due to fear of loss of job, exceptionally good supervision and machine paced work in which only a part of workers’ capabilities are used.

Low Morale-Low Productivity : This is a normal relationship. In the long run low morale is likely to result in low productivity.
ISC Business Studies Question Paper 2016 Solved for Class 12 1
Thus, there is a complex relationship between morale and productivity. This is because morale is only one of the factors influencing productivity.

Question 4.
(a) Define staff appraisal. Explain in brief, any four objectives of staff appraisal. [6]
(b) Explain the procedure of staff dismissal that a large organisation should follow. [8]
Answer:
(a) “Staff appraisal is the process of evaluating the employee’s perform once on the job in terms of the requirement of the job.”
In Merit Grading method certain grades of merit are decided. The raters are required to distribute the rating into predetermined scales. Employees are rated on the basis of overall performance.

This method eliminates the subjective judgement and two or more employees can be given equal rating.
Some objectives of staff appraisal are :

  • To identify the strengths and weaknesses of staff to place right men on right job.
  • To maintain records in order to determine compensation packages, wage structure etc.
  • To identify inefficient workers and the’ reasons for their inefficiency.
  • It serves as a basis for influencing working habits of the employees.

(b) Dismissal is a harsh step and should be taken with great care. The steps involved in dismissal procedure are as follow :

Charge Sheet: It is a written complaint for the offence for which an employee is charged. It indicates the time limit within which an employee has to submit his reply.

Receipt of Explanation : Written the prescribed time employee must submit his explanation to the concerned authority explaining the reasons as to why he should not be dismissed from his services.

Issue of Notice of Inquiry : If an explanation is unsatisfactory then a notice of inquiry is issued to an employee. The notice should clearly mention the time, place, date of the inquiry and the name of officer concerned who is going to conduct an inquiry.

Holding Inquiry : The inquiry officer concerned on the specified date and time will explain clearly the charges against the employee. The details of the inquiry are recorded and the report is then signed by the inquiry officer. All the witnesses are called to submit their statement.

The Findings Inquiry : Officer prepared his report which contains the procedure followed. Statements recorded, document examined and the explanation given by employee. He also prepares his report in which he records his decision and submit it to the concerned authority who has a power to dismiss the employee.

Decision : On receiving the report from Inquiry Officer, the concerned authority takes a decision to dismiss the employee.

Communication of an Order: Finally a copy of dismissal orders is handed over to the accused employee under his signatures.

Question 5.
(a) Briefly explain any three essentials of a good report. [6]
(b) Action taken by the receptionist while routing visitors varies, based on different situations. State any four such situations and explain how the receptionist will act under each situation. [8]
Answer:
(a) A report is an organised form of facts that serves some purpose. It is prepared by the report writer and presented to the persons interested in it. It is a description of the event for someone who was not present at the time of event.
Characteristics of a Good Report:

  • A report should be proper organisation of facts.
  • A report written in a simple and unambiguous language is a good report.
  • A report should not be too lengthy.

The report-writer should be clear about the purpose of the report. After ascertaining the purpose, a good report can be prepared.

A report should have a proper heading.
Reports of various types :

  • Formal Reports
  • Informal Reports
  • Statutory Reports
  • Non-Statutory Reports
  • Special Reports
  • Routine Reports
  • Letter Reports
  • Memorandum Report
  • Staff Report Technical Report
  • Audit Report

(b) Routing the Visitor: Routing visitors involves different situations. Each situation may require a different action by the receptionist. Some of the more common situations are given below :

Visitors with appointments : Visitors who have appointments can be handled easily. The receptionist may check a list of the day’s appointments or she may call the secretary of the officer concerned and inform that the expected visitor has arrived. In some cases, the secretary will come to the reception room and escort the visitor to the manager’s room. In other cases, the visitor may be escorted by a peon to the concerned officer’s room.

Visitors without appointments: When a visitor arrives unexpectedly, the receptionist will telephone the proper executive’s office and inform of the visitor’s name and address. Sometimes, such visitors can be seen immediately. In other cases, they may have to wait. In case the visitor likes to wait he should not be forgotten. When the time allotted has passed, the receptionist should call the executive’s office. At that time, the visitor can be taken to the office or any further delay can be explained. If the visitor cannot wait and does not wish to return that day, an appointment for another day may be made through the executive’s secretary. A record of the visit should include the caller’s purpose, his address and his telephone number so that he can be contacted to see him later.

Regular visitors: Regular clients or visitors form a special group whom the receptionist should know well. She should learn who they are and associate their names and faces with the companies they represent. In this case, a friendly greeting is essential.

Visitors who cannot be received: Sometimes, a visitor asks for someone who is out of town or away from the office for some reason. In this case, the receptionist should learn the purpose of the visit and any other information that might prove useful to the company. For example, if an important visitor arrives unexpectedly, he may be asked to see another executive when the person whom he wants to see is not available. In other cases, his telephone number may be obtained so that calls can be made later.

When the executive does not wish to see the visitor, the receptionist should use tact and diplomacy. If she has already told the visitor that the executive is in she must be polite but firm : “I am sorry Mr. Gupta, but Mr. Nair simply cannot see you today.” The receptionist should stick to the point and avoid arguments. In other cases, the receptionist can simply make the excuse, “Mr. Nair is not in his office.”

Question 6.
(a) Discuss any three barriers to effective Communication. [6]
(b) Explain any four functions of a business letter. [8]
Answer:
(а) The barriers of Communication are:

Badly Expressed Message: Sometimes a manager is not able to communicate his message clearly to his subordinate due to omission of words, use of wrong words etc. which acts as a barrier to communication.

Symbols with different meanings: A symbol or a word can have different meanings. If the receiver misunderstands the communication, it becomes meaningless.

Faulty Translation: A policy and guidelines are received from top management by the superior in English language and has to be translated to the workers in the Hindi language. A faulty translation can create a problem.

(b) Functions of business letters :

Wide Coverage: A business firm cannot sent its representatives to each and every area of operation. It can approach the persons and other firms through letters.

Exchange of Information: Business firms can exchange information with various parties with the help of letters. They can obtain crucial information from other firms with regard to credit worthiness of other parties.

Documentary Proof : Letters serve as documentary proof. Letters can be used as a documentary evidence in the Court of Law.

Economical: Letters are the economical way of written communication. A message on pages (up to 20 gm) can be send in merely Rupees 5 envelope all over India.

Lasting Impact: Letters have long lasting impact on the readers. A verbal message may be misleading but a written letter clears the complete picture.

Question 7.
(a) What are statistical tables ? Explain caption and stub in this context. [6]
(b) With reference to Company Meetings, explain the following : [8]
(i) What is a Motion ?
(ii) State any two ways by which a Motion can be amended.
(iii) What is a Counter Motion ?
(iv) Name any four types of Formal Motions.
Answer:
(a) A statistical table is a systematic arrangement of data in columns (i.e. vertical arrangements) and rows (i.e. horizontal arrangements). Tabulation is the presentation of quantitative (numerical) data in a table in the most systematic manner so that the purpose of presentation of data becomes clear. It is the logical and systematic arrangement of classified data in rows and columns under different heads and sub-heads. Tabulation influences the mind of the reader more intelligently than the textual presentation. It makes the data comprehensible and facilitates comparison. It helps in further processing of statistical data and clarifies the object of investigation. It simplifies complex data and represents such data in a minimum possible space.

Stub : This is the extreme left part of the table, giving a description of the matter presented in rows. The stub explains what the row represents.

Caption : This is the upper part of the table, giving a description of the matter presented in columns. The caption explains what the column represents.
ISC Business Studies Question Paper 2016 Solved for Class 12 2
(b) Motions : A motion is a proposal or proposition moved by a member for the purpose of discussion at the meeting. Before it can be taken for discussion, the motion must be duly ‘ proposed by someone and must be duly seconded by some one present. In case there is no seconder, die motion lacks support of the members and it is lost. The motion must be in writing and it must relate to the items placed on the agenda. When the motion is duly seconded, the chairman puts it for discussion and invites amendments.

(ii) Amendments may be made in a motion in several ways :

  • by deleting words,
  • by inserting words,
  • by deleting certain words and substituting other words,
  • by altering the position of words, etc.

An amendment may be moved with or without any previous notice. It need not be in writing or seconded. But it should not in whole change the motion, otherwise it will become a counter motion.

(iv) Types of Formal Motions are :

  • The closure
  • Proceed to next business
  • Postponement
  • Adjournment

Question 8.
(a) With reference to Postal Services, explain the following : [6]
(i) Registered Post
(ii) Money Order
(b) Draft a letter of appointment for a School Teacher, offering her a job of an English teacher in a secondary school. [8]
Answer:
(a) Registered Post : Sender affixes more postal stamps on envelope and delivers at the counter of post office and obtains receipt, then the postal authorities will deliver that parcel or letter to addressees only, whereas letters sent under UPC may reach addressees or may not.

Money Order: Money order is a device of remitting money from one place to another through post offices. The person who sends the cash is known as the remitter and the person to whom it is sent is known as the payee. The post office acts as an agent by taking the requisite commission from the remitter and agrees to remit the amount to the payee. Money order is an order issued by one post office to another requiring the latter to pay a certain sum of money to the payee.

(b)

144, AJC Bose Road
Kolkata – 700014
24th April, 2011

To

Mrs Rita
166/A Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road
Kolkata 700016

Dear Madam,
Re : Appointment for the post of school teacher.
This letter is to bring to your attention that is reference to your interview attended on 23rd March, 2011 at the Principal’s office in our school. We are pleased to appoint you as an English teacher in our secondary school. We shall be informed your scale of pay, leave entitlement, house rent allowance and other perks later on upon the receipt of your confirmation.
Hope you are eager to join us.

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Alisa Mitra
(Principa).

ISC Class 12 Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers

ISC Specimen Papers for Class 11 Political Science 2020, 2019, 2018

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Class – Class 11
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2019 Download PDF
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The above ISC Model Paper for Class 11 History is the official sample paper released by ISC Board as per latest syllabus of Class 11 Indian Certificate of Secondary Education, India.

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The above ISC Model Paper for Class 11 Commerce is the official sample paper released by ISC Board as per latest syllabus of Class 11 Indian Certificate of Secondary Education, India.

We hope the ISC Specimen Papers for Class 11 Commerce, help you. If you have any query regarding ISC Class 11 Commerce Question Papers Solved, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.