Category: ISC

ISC Chemistry Previous Year Question Paper 2019 Solved for Class 12

Maximum Marks: 70
Time allowed: 3 hours

• Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper.
• They must NOT start writing during this time.
• All questions are compulsory.
• Question 1 is of 20 marks having four subparts, all of which are compulsory.
• Question numbers 2 to 8 carry 2 marks each, with two questions having internal choice.
• Question numbers 9 to 15 carry 3 marks each, with two questions having an internal choice.
• Question numbers 16 to 18 carry 5 marks each, with an internal choice.
• All working, including rough work, should be done on the same sheet as, and adjacent to the rest of the answer.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
• Balanced equations must be given wherever possible and diagrams where they are helpful.
• When solving numerical problems, all essential working must be shown.
• In working out problems, use the following data:
• Gas constant R = 1.987 cal deg^-1 mol^-1 = 8.314 JK^-1 mol^-1 = 0.0821 dm³ atm K^-1 mol^-1
• 11 atm = 1 dm³ atm = 101.3 J. 1 Faraday = 96500 coulombs.
• Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 10²³.

Question 1.
(a) Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word/words from those given in the brackets: [4 × 1]
(more than, primary, cathode, Lucas reagent, two, four, less than, Grignard’s reagent, tertiary, anode, zero, equal to, three)
(i) The elevation of a boiling point of 0.5 M K₂SO₄ solution is ……….. that of 0.5 M urea solution. The elevation of the boiling point of 0.5 M KCl solution is …………. that of 0.5 M K₂SO₄ solution.
(ii) A mixture of conc. HCl and anhydrous ZnCl₂ is called ……….. which shows maximum reactivity with ……….. alcohol.
(iii) In electrolytic refining, the impure metal is made ………. while a thin sheet of pure metal is used as ………..
(iv) When the concentration of a reactant of the first-order reaction is doubled, the rate of reaction becomes ………… times, but for a ……… order reaction, the rate of reaction remains the same.

(b) Select the correct alternative from the choices given: [4 × 1]
(i) The cell reaction is spontaneous or feasible when emf of the cell is:
(1) negative
(2) positive
(3) zero
(4) either positive or negative

(ii) Which, among the following polymers, is a polyester:
(1) melamine
(2) bakelite
(3) terylene
(4) polythene

(iii) The correct order of increasing acidic strength of the oxoacids of chlorine is:
(1) HCIO₃ < HClO₄ < HClO₂ < HClO
(2) HClO < HClO₂ < HClO₃ < HClO₄
(3) HClO₂ < HClO < HClO₄ < HClO₃
(4) HClO₃ < HClO₄ < HClO < HClO₂

(iv) A catalyst is a substance which:
(1) changes the equilibrium constant of the reaction
(2) increases the equilibrium constant of the reaction
(3) supplies energy to the reaction
(4) shortens the time to reach equilibrium.

(c) Match the following: [4 × 1]

(i) Diazotisation	(a) Anisotropic
(ii) Crystalline solid	(b) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
(iii) Phenol	(c) Diphenyl
(iv) Fitting reaction	(d) Aniline

(d) Answer the following questions: [4 × 2]
(i) (1) Which trivalent ion has a maximum size in the Lanthanoid series i.e., Lanthanum ion (La³⁺) to Lutetium ion (Lu³⁺)?
(at. no. of Lanthanum = 57 and Lutetium = 71)
(2) Explain why Cu²⁺ is paramagnetic but Cu⁺ is diamagnetic.
(at. no. of Cu = 29)
(ii) When a coordination compound C0Cl₃.6NH₃ is mixed with AgNO₃, three moles of AgCl are precipitated per mole of the compound. Write the structural formula and IUPAC name of the coordination compound.
(iii) Calculate the boiling point of urea solution when 6 g of urea is dissolved in 200 g of water. (K_b for water = 0.52 K kg mol^-1, boiling point of pine water = 3 73 K, mol. wt. of urea = 60)
(iv) Identify the compounds A, B, C and D in the given reaction:

Answer:
(a) (i) more than, less than
(ii) Lucas reagent, tertiary
(iii) anode, cathode
(iv) two, zero

(b) (i) → (2)
(ii) → (3)
(iii) → (2)
(iv) → (4)

(c) (i) (d)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (b)
(iv) (c)

Cu2+ has one unpaired electron. Therefore, it is paramagnetic. Cu⁺ has no unpaired electrons. Therefore, it is diamagnetic.
(ii) [CO(NH₃)₆]Cl₃
hexamine cobalt (III) chloride

(iv) A – CH₃CHO, Acetaldehyde
B – CH₃COOH, Acetic acid
C – (CH₃COO)₂Ca, Calcium acetate
D – CH₃COCH₃, Acetone

Question 2. [2]
(a) For the reaction A + B → C + D, the initial rate for different reactions and initial concentration of reactants are given below:

(i) What is the overall order of reaction?
(ii) Write the rate law equation.
or
(b) 25% of a first-order reaction is completed in 30 minutes. Calculate the time taken in minutes for the reaction to go to 90% completion.
Answer:

Question 3. [2]

1. Name the type of drug which lowers the body temperature in high fever condition.
2. What are tranquilizers? Give one example of tranquilizer.

Answer:

1. Antipyretics
2. Tranquilizers: These are the drugs which are used for the treatment of stress, fatigue, mild and severe mental diseases.
   For example phenelzine

Question 4. [2]
Write the balanced chemical equation for each of the following:
(i) Chlorobenzene treated with ammonia in the presence of Cu₂O at 475 K and 60 atm.
(ii) Ethyl chloride treated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide.
Answer:

Question 5. [2]

1. Name the monomer and the type of polymerisation that takes place when PTFE is formed.
2. Name the monomers of nylon 6, 6.

Answer:

1. Tetrafluoroethylene, F₂C = CF₂
   Addition polymerisation
2. Monomers of nylon – 6, 6 are hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid.

Question 6. [2]
Name two water-soluble vitamins and the diseases caused by their deficiency in the diet of an individual.
Answer:
Two water-soluble vitamins are

• Vitamin C, Deficiency disease – Haemorrhage
• Vitamin B₁ – Deficiency disease – Beriberi

Question 7. [2]
(a) How will you obtain the following? (Give balanced chemical equations):
(i) Benzene from phenol.
(ii) Iodoform from ethanol.
Or
(b) How will you obtain the following? (Give balanced chemical equations):
(i) Salicylaldehyde from phenol.
(ii) Propan-2-ol from Grignard’s reagent.
Answer:

Question 8.
Show that for a first-order reaction the time required to complete 75% of reaction is about 2 times more than that required to complete 50% of the reaction.
Answer:
For a first-order reaction
\(t=\frac{2 \cdot 303}{k} \log \frac{a}{a-x}\)

Question 9. [3]
(a) When 0.4g of oxalic acid is dissolved in 40g of benzene, the freezing point of the solution is lowered by 0.45 K. Calculate the degree of association of acetic acid. Acetic acid forms dimer when dissolved in benzene.
(K_f for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol^-1, at. wt. C = 12, H = 1, O = 16)
Or
(b) A solution is prepared by dissolving 9.25 g of non-volatile solute in 450 mL of water. It has an osmotic pressure of 350 mm of Hg at 27°C. Assuming the solute is non-electrolyte, determine its molecular mass. (R = 0.0821 lit atm K^-1 mol^-1)
Answer:
(a) ∆T_f = 0.45 K
i = ?
K_f = 5.12 K kg mol^-1
M_B of CH₃COOH = 60
W_A = 40 g
W_B = 0.4 g
We know that

Question 10. [3]
An element occurs in a body-centred cubic structure. Its density is 8.0 g/cm³. If the cell edge is 250 pm, calculate the atomic mass of an atom of this element. (N₀ = 6.023 × 1023)
Answer:

Question 11. [3]
Describe the role of the following:
(i) Cryolite in the extraction of aluminium from pure alumina.
(ii) NaCN in the extraction of silver from silver ore.
(iii) Coke in the extraction of iron from its oxides.
Answer:
(i) (a) It lowers the melting point of bauxite.
(b) It increases the conductivity of the electrolyte.

(ii) It reacts with the silver ore, Ag₂S, (Argentite) to form soluble complex from which silver can be displaced by adding more electropositive metal like Zn
\(\begin{array}{l}{\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{S}+4 \mathrm{NaCN}+2 \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{Na}\left[\mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}\right]+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}} \\ {2 \mathrm{Na}\left[\mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}\right]+\mathrm{Zn} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2}\left[2 \mathrm{n}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}\right]+2 \mathrm{Ag} \downarrow}\end{array}\)

(iii) In the extraction of iron from its oxide, coke acts as
(a) fuel
(b) Reducing agent

Question 12. [3]
(i) Write the IUPAC names of the following:
(1) K₃[Fe(C₂O₄)₃]
(2) [Co(NH₃)₅Cl]SO₄
(ii) [Fe(CN)₆]^4- is a coordination complex ion.
(1) Calculate the oxidation number of iron in the complex.
(2) Is the complex ion diamagnetic or paramagnetic?
(3) What is the hybridisation state of the central metal atom ?
(4) Write the IUPAC name of the complex ion.
Answer:
(i) (1) potassium trioxalatoferrate (III)
(2) pentaamminechloridocobalt (III) sulphate

(ii) (1) x + 6(-1) = -4 ⇒ x = +2
(2) Fe²⁺ (3d⁶) has no unpaired electrons, it is diamagnetic
(3) d²sp³
(4) hexacyanoferrate (II) ion.

Question 13. [3]
(a) Explain why:
(i) Transition elements form alloys.
(ii) Zn²⁺ salts are white whereas Cu²⁺ salts are coloured.
(iii) Transition metals and their compounds act as a catalyst.
Or
(b) Complete and balance the following chemical equations:
(i) KMnO₄ + H₂SO₄ + H₂C₂O₄ → ____ + ____ + ____ + _____
(ii) K₂Cr₂O₇ + H₂SO₄ + KI → ____ + _____ + _____ + _____
(iii) K₂Cr₂O₇ + H₂SO₄ + FeSO₄ → _____ + _____ + _____ + _____
Answer:
(a) (i) This is because transition metals have similar atomic radii and form substitutional alloys.
(ii) Zn²⁺(3d¹⁰) salts have no impaired electrons but Cu^2-(3d⁹) salts have one unpaired electrons. Hence Zn²⁺ salts are white while Cu^2- salts are coloured.
(iii) This is because of transition metals

• have a number of unpaired electrons in their (n-1) d-orbitals
• can show variable oxidation states.
• form intermediates and provide a new reaction path having lower energy of activation.
• they can adsorb one of the reactants on their surfaces.

Or
(b) (i) 2KMnO₄ + 3H₂SO₄ + 5H₂C₂O₄ → K₂SO₄ + 2MnSO₄ + 8H₂O + 10CO₂
(ii) K₂Cr₂O₇ + 7H₂SO₄ + 6KI → 4K₂SO₄ + Cr₂(SO₄)₃ + 3I₂ + 7H₂O
(iii) K₂Cr₂O₇ + 7H₂SO₄ + 6FeSO₄ → 4K₂SO₄ + Cr₂(SO₄)₃ + 3I₂ + 7H₂O

Question 14. [3]
Give balanced equations for the following:
(i) Aniline is treated with bromine water.
(ii) Ethylamine is heated with chloroform and alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide.
(iii) Benzene diazonium chloride is treated with ice cold solution of aniline in acidic medium.
Answer:

Question 15.
Define the following terms with suitable examples:
(i) Peptisation
(ii) Electrophoresis.
(iii) Dialysis
Answer:
(i) Peptisation: It is the process of conversion of fresh precipitate into colloidal particles by shaking it with dispersion medium in the presence of a small amount of suitable electrolyte.
e.g., a reddish-brown coloured colloidal solution is obtained from fresh precipitate of Fe(OH)₃ by shaking it with a small quantity of a dilute solution of FeCl₃.

(ii) Electrophoresis: It is the movement of colloidal particles under the influence of the electric field, e.g., when a positive charged ferric hydroxide sol is subjected to an electric field, the colloidal particles migrate towards cathode.

(iii) Dialysis: It is the process of separation of the colloidal particles from those of crystalloids by diffusion of the mixture through a semipermeable membrane e.g., blood is purified in the kidneys because walls of the kidneys are semipermeable.

Question 16. [5]
(a) (i) Calculate the mass of silver deposited at cathode when a current of 2 amperes is passed through a solution of AgNO₃ for 15 minutes.
(at. wt. of Ag= 108, 1F = 96500 C)
(ii) Calculate the emf and ΔG for the cell reaction at 298 K
Mg(s)|Mg²⁺(0.1 M) || CU²⁺(0.01 M)|Cu(s)
Given E°cell = 2.71 V
1F = 96,500 C
Or
(b) (i) Define the following terms:
(1) Specific conductance
(2) Kohlrausch’s Law
(ii) The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0.001 M KCl solution at 298 K is 1500 ohm. What is the cell constant and molar conductivity of 0.001 M KCl solution, if the conductivity of this solution is 0.146 × 10^-3 ohm^-1cm^-1 at 298 K?
Answer:



Or
(b) (i) (1) It is the conductivity power of all the ions present in ICC of the solution of the electrolyte.
(2) It states that at infinite dilution, the molar conductance of an electrolyte is the sum of molar conductances of its ions with molar conductance of each ion multiplied with the number of ions present in the formula of the electrolyte.
(ii) R = 1500 ohms
C = 0.001 M
k = 0.146 × 10^-3 ohm^-1cm^-1
k = conductance × cell constant
\(\begin{aligned} 0.146 \times 10^{-3} &=\frac{1}{\mathrm{R}} \times \text { cell constant } \\ &=\frac{1}{1500} \times \text { cell constant } \end{aligned}\)
cell constant = 0.146 × 10^-3 × 1500
= 0.146 × 15 × 10^-1
= 0.146 × 1.5
cell constant = 0.2190 ohm^-1cm^-1

Question 17. [5]
(a) (i) Explain why:
(1) Fluorine has lower electron affinity than chlorine.
(2) Red phosphorus is less reactive than white phosphorus.
(3) Ozone acts as a powerful oxidising agent.
(ii) Draw the structures of the following :
(1) XeF₆
(2) IF₇
Or
(b) (i) Explain why:
(1) Interhalogen compounds are more reactive than the related elemental halogens.
(2) Sulphur exhibits tendency for catenation but oxygen does not.
(3) On being slowly passed through water, PH₃ forms bubbles but NH₃ dissolves.
(ii) Complete and balance the following reactions:
(1) P₄ + H₂SO₄ → ____ + _____ + _____ + _____
(2) Ag + HNO₃(dilute) → _____ + ______ + _____ + _____
Answer:
(a) (i) F₉ – 1s²2s²2p⁵
Cl₁₇ – 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵
(1) This is because in fluorine there is strong electron- electron repulsion for the incoming electron due to the relative compact size of 2p-orbitals in fluorine as compared to 3p-orbitals in chlorine.
(2) This is because of in red phosphorus, there are strong covalent bonds in P₄ molecules but in white phosphorus, there are Van der waals forces of attraction in P₄ molecules.
(3) This is because O3 molecules readily dissociates to give naseent oxygen which oxidises other substances.
O₃ → O₂ + [O] Nascent oxygen

(ii) (1) XeF₆ has distorted octahedral structure

(2) IF₇ has the pentagonal bipyramidal structure

Or
(b) (i) (1) This is because these are polar and have lower bond energies.
(2) This is because of higher S—S bond energy \(\left(\frac{213 k \mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{mol}}\right)\) as compared to O-O bond energy \(\left(\frac{138 k \mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{mol}}\right)\)
(3) This is because PH₃ is insoluble in water (HOH-bonds) but NH₃ is highly soluble in water due to H-bonds.

(ii) (1) P₄ + 10H₂SO₄ → 4H₃PO₄ + 10SO₂ + 4H₂O
(2) 3Ag + 4HNO₃ → 3AgNO₃ + NO + 2H₂O

Question 18. [5]
(a) (i) Give balanced chemical equations for the following reactions:
(1) Acetaldehyde reacts with hydrogen cyanide.
(2) Acetone reacts with phenylhydrazine.
(3) Acetic acid is treated with ethanol and a drop of conc. H₂SO₄.
(ii) Give one chemical test each to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(1) Acetone and benzaldehyde.
(2) Phenol and benzoic acid.
Or
(b) (i) Write chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions:
(1) Aldol condensation.
(2) Cannizzaro’s reaction.
(3) Benzoin condensation.
(ii) Identify the compounds A and B in the given reactions:

Answer:

ISC Class 12 Chemistry Previous Year Question Papers

ISC Home Science Previous Year Question Paper 2017 Solved for Class 12

Maximum Marks: 70
Time allowed: Three hours

• Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.
• Answer Question 1 from Part I and five questions from Part II,
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Part-I (20 Marks)
Answer all questions.

Question 1. [10 x 2]
(i) State two reasons why frying is not recommended .as a method of cooking for people recovering from illness.
(ii) Explain the term special diet.
(iii) State any two health hazards due to bacterial contamination of food.
(iv) Mention the importance of vinegar in food preservation industry.
(v) State any two advantages of dry cleaning of clothes.
(vi) Name two foods that should be avoided during diarrhea.
(vii) Differentiate between incidental adulteration and intentional adulteration.
(viii) List two common symptoms of drug abuse.
(ix) State the role of liming in increasing the nutritive value of food.
(x) State two factors to be kept in mind while choosing clothes for the rainy season.
Answer:
(i) Frying is not recommended as a method of cooking for people recovering from illness as :

1. It is not easily digestible.
2. Fried food is laden with oil, hence not recommended for ill people.

(ii) Special diets are prescribed for treatments, or prevention of diseases. These diets are planned by specialists having knowledge of nutrition, who plan it after assessing many factors. These diets are also referred to as therapeutic diets.

(iii) Cholera and dysentery are two health hazards caused due to bacterial contamination of food.

(iv) Vinegar is dilute acetic acid which is important in food preservation industry. Its acidic nature helps in preservation of meats, fruits and vegetables by pickling. This acid is generally supplemented by relatively large amount of salt and sugar.

(v) Two advantages of dry cleaning of clothes are :

1. Dry cleaning does not flatten the pile of velvet or velveteen.
2. Colour of the fabrics does not get effected or damaged by dry cleaning.

(vi) Fiber rich and spicy foods should be avoided during diarrhea.

(vii) Adulteration of food substances caused by negligence, ignorance or lack of proper facilities for e.g., pesticide residues, zinc from can, droppings of indents, larvae in food and metallic contaminants etc., is called incidental adulteration.

A deliberate act of adulteration with the intention to increase the margin of profit, adding inferior or cheaper substances, abstracting any constituent partially or wholly is termed as intentional adulteration,

(viii) The two common symptoms of drug abuse are :

1. A stronger desire to retake the drug, giving it higher priority than other activities.
2. Physical dysfunctioning and wild behavior when you attempt to stop taking drug.

(ix) In addition to adding a bit of calcium, liming process releases niacin and makes it available to the body.

(x) Two functions to consider while choosing clothes for rainy season are :

1. They should dry up soon.
2. They should be light weight.

Part-II (50 Marks)
Answer any five questions.

Question 2.
Cooking brings about physical and chemical changes in food. In this context, discuss :
(a) Advantages and disadvantages of boiling, as a method of cooking. [5]
(b) Changes in nutritive value during cooking. [5]
Answer:
(a)

Advantages of Boding	Disadvantages of Boiling
1. Simple method of cooking which does not require any special equipment or skill.	1. Slow method- time consuming and costly due to much fuel consumption.
2. Uniform cooking can be achieved.	2. Loss of Vitamin B and Vitamin C if water is discarded.
3. Easily digestible.	3. Continuous and excessive boiling may damage the texture and structure of food.
4. Can be cooked easily without the use of fat.	4. Loss of colour as water soluble pig­ments can get lost.

(b) Cooking brings about many desirable and non desirable changes in the nutritive value of food. To prevent or avoid non-desirable changes such as loss of vitamins and minerals, water should not be discarded while the food is cooked. Collagen and elastic proteins present in animal foods toughen and become chewy on being roasted at high temperature.

Desirable changes in the nutritive value can be brought by proper cooking and using correct methods. The nutritive value of most foods can be improved by careful consideration and acceptance of slight variations in the taste, appearance and texture of the dish. The nutritive value of foods can be enhanced by using methods like- sprouting, fermentation, combination, etc.

Question 3.
(a) Discuss the importance of food preservation. [5]
(b) Explain the use of low temperature in the preservation of food. [5]
Answer:
(a) Food preservation is keeping the food in such a state where it does not get spoilt for a long period of time and also retains its color, flavor, texture and nutrients.

The underlying principle of all preservation techniques is to restrict the spoilage of food so that it can be consumed safely in a palatable form at a later time.
Preservation of food has the following benefits :

1. They are easy to store.
2. Controls the wastage of food.
3. Add variety to meals.
4. Easy to transport.
5. Provide nutritionally adequate meals to the family.
6. Learning to preserve food is a skill. It is a good way of making use of one’s leisure time.
7. One can even earn money by selling preserved products from home.
8. They come in handy and save a lot of time, money and energy.

(b) Storing of food items at a temperature below normal room temperature slows down the growth and so the chemical activity of microorganisms, and food items can be preserved for a longer period of time. There are two methods of preservation:
1. Home refrigeration : It can be done by using refrigerator, icebox, etc. The perishable foods like — fruits, vegetables, fish, meat, egg, milk, curd and left over food can be preserved for some additional period in this way.

2. Freezing : It can be done at home using the freezer part of the refrigerator or a separate ice box for storing the food items at a temperature below freezing point of water. The growth of micro-organisms, enzymatic activity and chemical reactions are minimal or nil and food can be preserved for a much longer period of time.

Question 4.
Adequate nutrition and a well-balanced diet is of vital importance. In this context, explain :
(a) Importance of a good breakfast. [5]
(b) Objectives of planning family meals. [5]
Answer:
(a) Breakfast is considered to be the most important meal of the day because :

1. Efficiency in physiological performance decreases in late morning hours when breakfast is omitted.
2. Breakfast not only provides us energy, but it is also a good source of important nutrients like calcium, iron, fibres and proteins.
3. A breakfast must be adequate to provide one-fourth of daily protein requirements and one fourth of the daily calorie requirement; for maintaining better efficiency in the late morning hours.

(b) Objectives of planning family meals are :

1. To satisfy the nutritional needs of all the members according to their age and occupation.
2. To save time, energy and money.
3. To keep in mind the likes and dislikes of family members.
4. To provide balanced diet to all the family members.
5. To provide variety in meals.

Question 5.
(a) Enumerate measures to prevent fire accidents at home. [5]
(b) Discuss ways in which argemone is used as an adulterant in food. Mention its health hazards. [5]
Answer 5.
(a) To prevent fire accidents at home, the following measures should be taken :

Do not leave the kitchen unattended while cooking food, specially gas stoves.

Avoid long flowing or synthetic clothes while cooking as they may catch fire. Wearing cotton clothes which are well fitted provide safety.

Give heaters space. It should be at least 3 feet away from curtain, draperies, furniture, bedspreads, etc.

If you have a smoker in the house, the best way to prevent cigarette-related home fires is to institute a policy of ‘no smoking indoors’.

Instead of using traditional, open-flame candles, consider switching to battery- operated candles that look and perform like real ones. If you use traditional candles, make sure there is always an adult paying attention in the room when one is burning.

(b) Mustard oil is adulterated with argemone seeds which are obtained from Mexicans poppy (a yellow flowered poppy plant, with bluish silver-veined leaves). The seeds closely resemble mustard seeds in appearance, although their surface is rough and uneven. The only difference is that argemone seeds have a little tail at the end.

Argemone seeds have proved to be dangerously toxic in the form of oil and seeds. Regular consumption of this oil gives rise to epidemic dropsy (resembling wet beri-beri). Watery fluid is collected in the tissues of the . body causing swelling, it starts with gastro intestinal disturbances, irregular fever with rashes on exposed parts. Swelling of feet and legs follow leading to oedema of thighs, hand and face. As the disease progresses, glaucoma leads to blindness, enlargement of the liver, and even lead to cancer and respiratory diseases. It may even be fatal due to cardiac – arrest.

Question 6.
(a) What is the role of advertisement and its impact on consumers ? [5]
(b) Enumerate the reasons for variation in prices of commodities in the market. [5]
Answer:
(a) Advertisements inform the consumers about the availability, use and special features of a particular brand of a product. A good advertisement gives correct information about a product and does not mislead you. However, advertisements sometimes persuade the customers to buy things which are otherwise not required. Consumers often get misled when the product does not match or measure up to the qualities advertised. Advertisements lure the customer and play with their psyche. For example, fairness creams, detergents, etc.

(b) At times, the prices of commodities are higher at a certain shop due to the factors like high operational costs, high marketing and advertisement costs, the shop being a prestigious departmental store, availability of goods that are otherwise not easily available and involvement of middlemen in their distribution channel.

Question 7.
(a) Discuss any five problems faced by adolescents. [5]
(b) What is the role of peers during adolescence ? [5]
Answer:
(a) The areas in which problems arise during adolescence are:

1. The establishment of heterosexual interests
2. Physical changes.
3. Emotional changes.
4. Social phobia.
5. Psychological problems.

(b) During adolescent years, peer group becomes increasingly important. Adolescents experience more closeness in their friendship and turn to each other, instead of their families. They modify their speech, dressing style, choices, activities and behavior in order to become more similar to their peers. This provides them a sense of security and confirms acceptance in the peer group. At times, this increased cohesion and loyalty also leads to various problems like- negative labeling, formation of cliques, rejection in any form which can be painful or create tension and conflict.

Question 8.
(a) Explain the steps involved in washing of table linen. [5]
(b) State the procedure to be followed for the storage of woollen garments at home. [5]
Answer 8.
(a) The steps involved in washing a table linen are:

1. Preparation : Examine for stains and remove them as soon as possible.
2. Steeping : Soak in detergent-water for about an hour. If heavily soiled, it can be soaked for longer.
3. Washing : It can be washed using friction or scrubbing method.
4. Rinsing : Rinse two to three times in clean tap water to ensure removal of soap or detergent.
5. Starching : To give a fresh and crisp look, linen should be starched. In case of white line, blue can be added instead of starch in stead of save time and energy.
6. Drying : Drying in sun is preferable for table linen, as sunlight will help in removing curry stains, if any. In case of coloured table linen, it can be dried in shade if the colour is not fast.
7. Ironing : Hot iron it when damp or sprinkle some water, if fully dry to ensure removal of wrinkles.

(b) The procedure to be followed for the storage of woollen garments at home :

1. Dirty clothes should not be stored.
2. Clothes to be stored must be fully dry. Moisture left in clothes will promote moths and mildew. Just before storing, clothes should be exposed to the strong sun light.
3. Closet or box where clothes are to be stored should also be exposed to the sun for sometime.
4. Closet or box where clothes are to be stored should be moisture free.
5. Some protective products should be used to repel insects e.g.,
   1. Use of newspaper
   2. Use of dry neem leaves and
   3. Use of naphthalene balls.

Question 9.
Write short notes on any two of the following :
(a) Microwave cooking. [5]
(b) Storage of perishable goods. [5]
(c) Safety measures for the elderly. [5]
Answer 9.
(a) Microwave cooking is of recent origin, where foods is quickly cooked by electromagnetic waves. It can be used to cook rice, vegetables, meat, etc., and can be used effectively for reheating of food, however there is a limitation to use of microwave ovens food items like cakes and biscuits do not get browned easily as in ordinary ovens. Microwave cooking cannot be used for stewing or deep frying.

(b) Storage of perishable goods is not possible for more than 2-3 days under normal conditions. Hence, care should be taken while storing them in the following ways :

1. Vegetables should be stored at a temperature around 15°C. Cabbage and cucumber should be kept in 2-3 folds of brown paper.
2. Fruits should not be washed before storing, as they spoil faster.
3. Fresh fruits should be stored separately as they absorb odours.
4. Eggs should not be washed before storing. They should be kept with broad portion upwards.
5. Milk should be capped and covered to prevent dust, bacteria and undesirable flavours and odours.
6. Meat should be stored at a temperature just above freezing point to inhibit the growth of micro-organisms.

(c) Safety measures for the elderly are :

1. As the vision depletes in old age, the house should be well lit to prevent accidents.
2. Grab bars and railings for support while climbing stairs. If possible, install a lift or a ramp as climbing is difficult.
3. Do not leave them unattended or alone outside the house, as they can stumble on uneven footpaths or loose pavements.
4. Ensure that washrooms are dry so that they do not slip and fall.
5. Keep things they require at fixed places.
6. Be a part of their financial world, as they might be cheated or at a risk of fraud.
7. Ensure medical insurance for them.

ISC Class 12 Home Science Previous Year Question Papers

ISC Psychology Previous Year Question Paper 2018 Solved for Class 12

Maximum Marks: 70
Time allowed: Three hours

• Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.
• Answer Question 1 from Part I and five questions from Part II,
• choosing two questions from Section A and three questions from Section B.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Part – I (20 Marks)
Answer all questions.

Question 1. [20]
Answer briefly all the questions (i) to (xx) :
(i) Who put forward the General Adaptation Syndrome model of stress ?
(ii) Define personality according to All port.
(iii) What is meant by abnormal behavior ?
(iv) Name one information processing theory of intelligence.
(v) Explain the term central trait.
(vi) What is counter transference ?
(vii) How is discrimination related to prejudice ?
(viii) What is attribution ?
(ix) Explain the term super ego.
(x) State any two symptoms of histrionic personality disorder.
(xi) What is the difference between interest and achievement ?
(xii) Name the principle on which Id functions.
(xiii) Who put forward the theory of moral
development ?
(xiv) What is meant by intelligence ?
(xv) State two characteristics of Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
(xvi) What is meant by the term psychoanalysis ?
(xvii) Explain the term relaxation training.
(xviii) What is meant by gender stereotype ?
(xix) Explain the term belief.
(xx) What is meant by the term puberty ?
Answer :
(i) Hans Selye in 1936, put forward the General Adaptation Syndrome model of stress.

(ii) According to G. All port, “Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought.”

(iii) Abnormal behavior of individual is marked by limited intelligence, emotional instability, personality disorganization and character defects, who for the most part, have led wretched personal lives and become social misfits or liabilities.

(iv) Triarchic theory of Intelligence.

(v) The term Central Trait by All port refers to general characteristics that form the foundation, or most descriptive trait of an individuals personality. These are the characteristics by which you might describe a person such as honest, hard-working, intelligent, out-going etc.

(vi) In psychotherapy the therapist may transfer his attitude or feelings to the patient which originated outside the therapy situation.

(vii) Discrimination is the behavioral manifestation of prejudice. Members of a particular community, class or group are treated in a particular way, i.e. either positively or negatively, because of belonging to a particular community, class, gender or caste and not because of any other genuine or personal factors

(viii) Attribution is the process through which we seek to determine the causes behind others’ behavior.

(ix) According to Freud, Super ego is akin to conscience which incorporates the moral standard and values of parents, and rules and norms of society which cautions the person to remain firmly on the right path.

(x) 1. Using proactive or sexually seductive behavior to draw attention.
2. Adopt a speech style to impress others.

(xi) Interest is what one enjoys doing, while achievement is the knowledge or skill a person acquires for something after the person has been trained in it.

(xii) There is only one principle, on which Id functions, i.e., seeking of pleasure.

(xiii) Piaget and Kohlberg are the two psychologists who have described in detail the ways in which an individuals become a moral being.

(xiv) Intelligence is mental quality that consists of the abilities to learn from experience, adapt to new situations, understand and handle abstract
concepts, and use know-ledge to manipulate one’s environment.

(xv) In generalized anxiety disorder,

• Distress and uneasiness are persistent,
• Painful and is spread across multiple situation.

(xvi) Psychoanalysis is a method of psycho-therapy in which therapist attempts to bring repressed unconscious material into conscious.

(xvii) Relaxation training describes bodily reactions in calm, meditative emotional states.

(xviii) Gender stereotypes are over simplified ideas, messages and images about differences between males and females. It is based on the child’s personality, behavior, appearance, skills and interests.

(xix) Beliefs are an acceptance that something exists or is true, especially without proof or any logic.

(xx) Puberty is the period during which the capability for sexual reproduction is attained. It is marked by changes in both primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

Part – II (50 Marks)

Section – A
Answer any two questions.

Question 2.
(a) Explain the various subsets of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. [6]
(b) Give any four reasons for assessing Interest. [4]
Answer:
(a) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Wechsler (1939)-“Intelligence is the aggregate of global capacity to understand the world, think rationally and use resources effectively when faced with challenges.”

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), has received some adverse criticism for the 1939 version. The principle changes are in the improved content, extension of the standardization population sample, and improved direction for administering and scoring. WAIS, has six subsets that constitute the verbal scale and five in the performance scale. It is used for 16 to 64 years and takes one hour. As below

Information test : This test consists of items of information covering a wide range. It consists of 29 questions covering a variety of topics which an adult should know about the virtue of having lived in a culture. Along with vocabulary, the information test is less affected by ageing or pathology. Still, the repressive person will often poorly perform while the pedantic and obsessive individual will score higher often giving pretentious responses.

Comprehension test : Includes fourteen items in which the subject is asked to explain why certain practices are followed, to interpret proverbs and what should be done under such circumstances. For example, if one finds a stamped addressed envelop on the street.

Arithmetic test : It requires the subject to solve fourteen problems, found in the grade- school arithmetic tests. Problems are orally presented and paper and pencil cannot be used.

Similarities test: Consists of thirteen items which requires the subject to state how two things are alike.

Digit span test : Short term memory for lists of digits starting from three to nine digits, which are orally presented and must be immediately repeated back.

Vocabulary test : Requires the subject to define forty words of increasing difficulty. Vocabulary is the best single measure of general intelligence. It correlates most highly with full scale I.Q.

Performance Scale : Digit symbol is a code-substitution test which has often been used in non-verbal test procedures. In this, there are nine symbols paired with nine numbers, along with the key before the subject. He must fill in as many blanks are the answer sheet as he can in one-and-a-half minutes.

Picture completion test: In this the subject is asked to fill the missing part of a series of twenty one drawings. Close attention is required for this test.

Block design test : In this test their are eight items.

Picture Arrangement: As the name itself reflects in picture arrangement test the subject has to arrange the picture in a manner of storytelling.

Object Assembly : In this test fragmented objects have to be assembled, in their original wholes. The active wall can be adjusted in one hour.

(b) What one enjoys doing things, that indicates his interest. It may be different from what he has to do and what he is capable of doing. Individual offer among themselves with regard to their interest. The motivation of an individual is influenced by his interest and his aptitude and abilities.

Interest plays an important role in determining the selection of a career. Young students need more information about their interests with a view to cultivate the areas of their is interests at the right time and in right direction. Interest assessment is used for counselling individuals who are looking for occupation or who want assistance in the choice of vocational training. It also helps to determine vocational abilities of a person and interpret test score in terms of a wide range of occupations. Interest tests are used to predict success in specific professions. The study of interest was initiated in the area of educational counseling in 1920’s with the development of Strong Vocational Interest Blank by E.K. Strong.

Question 3.
(a) Explain the personality theory put forward by Carl Rogers. [5]
(b) Describe in detail the Thematic Apperception Test used to assess personality. [5]
Answer:
(a) As a humanistic theorist Carl Rogers focused on the self rather than on behavior or physical constitution. He proposed that human being have many positive characteristics and have a strong natural instinct and tendency to bloom into fully functioning persons. One central assumption of Roger’s theory is that, left on their own individuals show many positive characters and continuous strive to become fully functioning person’s i.e., psychologically healthy person who live life to the fullest.
Adjusted Individual Poorly-adjusted individual.

An individual based on all the information and beliefs he has about his own characteristics develops idea about himself called self concept. However, when this self concept does not match with the reality or our perception of the environment reaction to self, an anxiety is generated in the individual which makes the person unhappy and maladjusted.

Thus, according to Rogers, lesser the gap between the self concept and real self [congruence]. Happier and more adjusted a person will be and vice-versa. According to Rogers, to cope with the anxiety of in congruence between self concept and real self-experience, an individual often charges the perception of reality to make consistent with his or herself concept.

(b) Thematic Apperception test commonly known as TAT was prepared by CD Morgan and H.A. Murray in 1935. It is projective psychological test, consisting of 30 pictures, which displays, ambiguous situations. These evoke responses unknowingly ugly from the subject by means of imaginary story from the interpretation of these stories, the subject’s personal thoughts, desire conflict may be derived.

Test Description : The test material consists of 30 cards of which 30 depict various scenes with human being as character where 1 card is blank. The cards are marked and arranged as sets, one set for each boys and girls, one set for males over 14 years of age and one set for females over 14 years of age and one set for both males and females. The pictures given have vague and identific situation portrayed in them. It is basically a story telling test.

Question 4.
(a) Explain the measurement of aptitude with the help of GATB. [5]
(b) Describe the first five stages of Erik Erickson’s Theory of personality. [5]
Answer 4.
(a) Measures of Aptitude with GATB. As described by F. N. Freeman, “An aptitude is a combination of characteristics indicative of our individual’s capacity to acquires (with training) some specific knowledge, skill or set of organised responses. Such as a ability to speak a language. The GATB is a work-related cognitive test developed by the U.S. Employment Service (USES) division of the department of labour. It has been extensively used to study the relationship between cognitive abilities, primarily general intelligence, and job performance.

Structure of (GATB) the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) is consist of 12 separately timed subtests, which are combined to form nine aptitude scores. Eight of the subtests are paper and pencil tests which purport to measure nine (9) abilities aptitude.

(b) Erik Erickson : Erickson like Homey emphasized (1902-1944) the importance of thinking process of conscious mind unlike Freud whose primary focus was an unconscious mind. Erickson developed a new approach of developmental milestone. He introduced eight stages a psycho social development where he described the 8 chief conflict areas of crises along with their respective favorable and unfavorable outcomes which play key role in personality development at that particular stages.

Section – B
Answer any three questions

Question 5.
(a) Give an account of Piaget-operational stage of Cognitive Development. [5]
(b) Discuss in detail how alcohol can be a major concern during adolescence. [5]
Answer:
(a) Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. It was first created by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget. The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and now humans gradually come to acquire, construct and use it. Piaget’s theory is mainly known as developmental stage theory. To Piaget’s cognitive development was as progressive reorganization of mental process resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience.

He believed that children construct an understanding of the world around them, experiences discrepancies between what they already know and what they discover in the environment then adjust their ideas accordingly. Moreover, Piaget claimed that cognitive development is at center of the human organism, and language is contingent an knowledge and understanding acquired through cognitive development. Characteristics of the Stage of Cognitive Development:

1. The stages can be generalized. This means that all aspects of cognitive development would follow the same pattern.
2. The stages are invariant means that they would always rigidly follow a fixed sequence and no stage can be slipped.
3. The stages are universal, meaning all the children everywhere will follows the described pattern of cognitive development.Stages of cognitive development. There are four stages of cognitive development.
4. Sensorimotor stage (up to 2 years)
5. Preoperational stage (2-7 years)
6. Concrete operational stage (7-11 years)
7. Formal operational stage (11 years on wards)

(b) Adolescence age is from 13 to 18 years/ teenagers. Adolescence is attained when children are in the high school and peer influence is very strong.

Causes and effect : They like to try out various things such as alcohol which is harmful for health. This can be by observing adults or trying to escape from stress. If they are too much into alcoholism, they may given up studies and also lose jobs, if employed. They Society and Educational institutions may also refuse to accept them.

More alcohol seeking or excess consumption of alcohol is defined by American Psychiatric association (APA) as “alcoholism” or alcohol dependence. It is a complex disorder that includes social and inter-personal issues. Long term and uncontrollable harmful consumption can cause alcohol related disorders. It is contained in beer, wine and hard liquor and is a chemical compound known as ethyl alcohol or ethanol.

Alcohol acts on the central nervous . system as a blocker of messages transmitted from one nerve cell to the next. The APA recognizes alcohol disorder as alcohol abuse. It is similar to dependence in that the use of alcohol impairs the affected person’s ability to achieve goals and fulfills his personal and social responsibilities. It also affects his or her interpersonal relationship to a great extent. This disorder affects the person’s metabolism, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, bone marrow and endocine system.

Symptoms of a alcohol addiction : The various symptoms manifested by the person who is addicted to alcohol include the following : Tolerance / Withdrawal / Disorientation to time, place and person/ Hallucinations, yisual, auditory and tactile / Delusions of suspicion, paranoid feelings, delusions of grandeur reoccupation with obtaining alcohol by any mean/Disordered perception/ Overnight abstinence / Irritability / Nausea and vomiting. This disorder occurs twice as often in males than in females. It develops in people of all races and social-economic classes. The alcohol abuse depends upon the following causes. Behaviorally it relates to internal and external motivation.

Biologically repeated or continued use of alcohol can impair brain levels of a pleasue neurotransmitter called dopamine. Neurotransmitters are the chemicals in the brain which pass impulses from one nerve cell to the next According to Erik Erickson, adolescence go through a phase of role confusion. So they experience confusion even during social relationship. Adolescents need to be monitored well and if addiction develops, they need to be counselled and rehabilitated.

Question 6.
(a) Explain how stress can affect the performance of an individual. [5]
(b) Enumerate any five defence mechanisms. [5]
Answer 6.
(a) Stress is most often associated with individuals. This is largely due to the consequences of stress being most visible at the individual level. However, businesses can also suffer from stress, as a result of the stress experienced by the individuals within the organisation. There are many potential consequences of stress for both individuals and organisations. Common individual consequences of stress include :

Chronic fatigue : Stressful tasks require the individual to work beyond a point at which they feel that they can cope. In an attempt to cope, they will often increase their working hours and reduce their break times. This is done at the expense of family, social and leisure time. Even when not at work, they might find it hard to switch off. Prolonged exposure to stressful work can lead to chronic fatigue whereby the individual is both physically and mentally exhausted.

Physical health : Prolonged exposure to stressful activity leads to a rise in the individual’s cortisol levels. Excessive levels of cortisol can suppress the immune system, thus exposing the individual to a wide variety of potential illnesses. The individual may also adopt unhealthy behaviors in an attempt to cope with the stress e.g., increased alcohol consumption. These behaviors can further increase the individual’s chances of experiencing bad health.

Psychological health : For stress to occur, the individual must feel that they are unable to cope. This feeling of helplessness can have a dramatic effect on their mental health. Anxiety and worry levels increase and this can in turn lead to the individual experiencing depression. The individual consequences of stress can be very dangerous. Failure to recognize, and deal with, the symptoms of stress, at an early stage, leads to the stress spiraling out of control. The stress may start off in one small area of their life but as they fail to tackle it soon spreads to other areas.

Perhaps the biggest problem with the individual consequences of stress is that they cannot be contained; they take over the person’s whole life. Despite being called the individual consequences of stress, they do have knock on effects for far more than just the individual. Organisations, families, communities and any other groups, with whom the individual has regular contact, suffer some consequence from the individual’s stress. For that reason alone, stress should never be seen as just and individual problem. It is a societal problem.

(b) Five Defense Mechanisms :
Repression : Thoughts or desire which cause anxiety are driven into unconscious state of mind, where we are no longer consciously aware of them. They are seemingly forgot ten.
Eg., As he grows up, the child forgets his childhood when he lost both his parents.

Regression : Acting or thinking in a childish manner when frustrated or anxious.
Eg., A customer starts throwing tantrums on having to stand in queue at the store.

Identification : Attempting to reduce anxiety by imitating the behavior of someone we fear or love.
Eg., After returning from school, a student imitates his principal whom he is scared off.

Reaction formation : Acting in a way exactly opposite to the way we really feel.
Eg., A son jokes with this friends on hearing the news of death of his father.

Displacement : Transferring emotion/reaction from one object to another or from one person to another.
Eg., A manager pulled up his superior lectures his subordinate on good performance.

Projection : Ascribing one’s personal feelings to another person or object.
Eg., A citizen upset over high taxation feels all others are also feeling the same.

Question 7.
(a) Give two symptoms for each for the following: [4]
(i) Bipolar disorder
(ii) Avoidant personality disorder.
(b) Describe any six behavioral therapy techniques. [6]
Answer:
(a) Bipolar disorder also known as ‘Manic Depression’ is expressed through serious shifts in mood energy, thinking and behavior. The term ‘bipolar’ refers to the presence of two extreme types or poles of mood with mania on one pole to depression, melancholy or sadness on other pole.

Symptoms : (1) Decreased need of sleep, extremely active high level of energy.

(2) Irrationally optimistic and highly talkative than usual.

Avoidant personality Disorder: Individuals with avoidant personality disorder is marked by behavior pattern social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negativity evaluation by others as a result they are reluctant enter into any social interaction and in limited social relationship. It is also known as Anxious personality disorder.

Symptoms :

1. SymptomsSelf imposed self isolation.
2. Self critical.

(b) Behavioral therapy techniques :
In classical conditioning:
Flooding : A type of behavior therapy, behavior modification which tries to eliminate fear by exposing the patient over and over again to the stimuli which arouse the fear based on the principle of extinction.

Systematic desensitization : A form of behavior therapy for phobias in which individuals first learn how to induce a relaxed state in their own bodies. Then, while on a relaxed state, they are exposed to stimuli that elicit fear.

Aversion Therapy : This technique involves unpleasant stimulation in aversion therapy. Its objective is not to undo fear or revulsion but to induce such feelings, specifically in relation to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviour.

Modelling Techniques :
Modelling is based on the type of cognitive learning known as observational learning. Modelling is also a valuable Technique tool, especially in the phobias.

Instrumental conditioning:
Extinction : Time out from reinforcement or simply time out, it is also called omission training.

Token economies : The use of conditioned or secondary reinforces money like tokens to strengthen desired behaviours in mental hospitals, prisons, and other similar institutions. By the use of these tokens desirable behaviours which aid therapy can be shaped.

Shaping : In instrumental conditioning, teaching a desired response through a series of successive steps which lead the learner to the final response. Each small step leading to the final response is reinforced.’Also, called the method of successive approximations

Covert Sensitization’s : A useful alternative to physical punishment is covert sensitization. In this technique, the unwanted behavior is imagined together with its imaginary punishing consequences, e.g. an alcoholic is trained to imagine drilling and its consequences such as vomiting or being fired.

• Relaxation training
• Functional analysis of behavior
• Identifying positive and negative reinforces
• Differential reinforcement
• Assertive training

Question 8.
(a) Explain any five ways of changing an individual’s attitude by persuasion. [5]
(b) With reference to Milram’s experiment, discuss why and when people obey others. [5]
Answer 8.
(a) The credibility, reliability, trustworthiness, confidence and skills of the communicators are important determinants in the process of persuasion.

1. Fast speakers are apparently better at persuading than people who speak slowly.
2. Attractive people are better persuading than unattractive people., Hence advertisers look for attractive models, movie star.
3. Messages that do not seem to contend to persuade the individual to change his attitude, tend to be more persuasive.
4. Sometimes, when people are distracted by some extraneous event and are inattentive to what is being said, they are persuaded more easily.

(b) First, in many situations, the persons in authority relieve those who obey of the responsibility for their own actions. ‘I was only carrying out orders’ is the defines many offer after obeying harsh or cruel commands. In life situations, this transfer of responsibility may be implicit, the person in charge (e.g. the mainly or police officer) is assumed to have the responsibility for what happens. In Milgram’s experiments, thus transfer of responsibility was explicit.

Second, persons in authority often possess visible badges or signs of their status. They wear special uniforms or insignia, have special titles, and so on. These serve to remind many persons of the social norm ‘Obey the persons in charge.’ This is a powerful norm and when confronted with it, most people find it difficult to disobey. / person of authority.

A third reason for obedience in many situations in which the targets of such influence might otherwise resist involves the gradual escalation of the authority figure’s orders. Initial commands may call for relatively mild actions, such as merely arresting people. Only later do orders come to require behavior that is dangerous or objectionable. / Consistency.

Finally, there come many situations involving destructive obedience move very quickly demonstrations quite suddenly turn into riots, arrests into mass beatings or mass murder. / Group influence.

In sum, the high levels of obedience generated in Milgram’s studies are not as mysterious as they may seem. A social psychological analysis of the conditions existing both there and in many real situations identifies several factors that together may make it very difficult for individuals to resist the commands they receive. The consequences of course, can be truly tragic or innocent and often defenseless victims.

Question 9.
Write a short note on any two of the following : [5 x 2]
(a) Attitude and its components.
(b) Role of Psychology in understanding the criminals and in preventing crime.
(c) Career counseling.
Answer:
(a) Attitude is a preparation or readiness to response. It is also defined as learned response to a person or an object in either a favorable or an unfavorable way. According to Gordon All-port, “an attitude is a mental or neural state of readiness, developed through experience, exerting a direct influence upon the individuals response to different objects.

Main Components of Attitude :
Effective component: It is the feeling or emotion associated with the evaluation process of a particular object, person and situation. It refers to the emotions associated with said stimulus. They may be pleasant or unpleasant and act as the triggering factor behind the intensity of the resulting behavior.

Cognitive component : In individuals the thought and beliefs “that led to the development of attitude toward an object, person or situation. Positive belief about the attitude object give rise to positive feeling and attitude while unfavorable belief about any object leads to negative attitude towards it.

Behavioral component : It is the way of expression or behavior that result from the attitude. The individual acts favorable i.e shows inclination towards positively seen attitude object. The person may also act unfavorably or show avoidance towards negatively seen attitude object.

(b) Criminal behavior : In a legal sense a person of 18 or above are convicted by the court of law for violating the IPC, CPC is labelled a criminal in our country and the illegal act for which the person is convicted is considered as a crime. Any behaviour like gambling, abduction attempt at suicide, trespassing another’s property, prostitution, sexual assault etc., are termed as criminal behavior.
Prevention:

• There is a great need for social reform and breaking social and caste barrier.
• Efforts should be made for the prevention, control and treatment of the identified delinquent.
• The task of narrowing the guilt between the rich and the poor should be given priority.
• Attempt should be made to minimize undesirable influence of literature, films, and other mass media.
• Parents, elders, social educational and political leaders should be such that they become ideal of socially desirable behavior.

(c) Career counselling: Career counselling is the process of helping the candidates to select a course of study that may help them to get into job or make them employable. A career counsellor helps candidates to get into a career that is suited to their aptitude, personality, interest and skills. So, it is the process of making an effective correlation between the internal psychology of a candidate with the external factors of employability and other courses. Career counsellors work with people from various walks of life, such as adolescents seeking to explore career options, or experienced professionals contemplating a career change. Career counsellors typically have a background in vocational psychology or industrial/organizational psychology. Career Testing : An objective form of career counselling is through an aptitude test, or a career test.

Career testing is now usually done online and provides insightful and objective information about which jobs may be suitable for the test taker based on combination of their interests, values and skills. Career tests usually provide a list of recommended jobs that match the test takers attributes with host of people with similar personalities who enjoy are successful at their jobs. There are various ways to test an individual for which field he is suitable psychometric testing being one among them.

Psychometric Testing : Different test companies have their own methods of testing. Usually, there are multiple sets of questions relating to personality type, how the test taker would handle aspects of work and home life, what his or her goals are for the future and his or her strengths and weaknesses.

Currently more than 500 tests of personality of different types are in use. These tests have now become very scientific, refined and comprehensive compared to earlier tests.

Intelligence Tests : Various intelligence tests are applied to detect one’s intelligence. While, average intelligent and intelligent persons can be selected for any common job, below average intelligent persons are advised to take up repetitive and jobs requiring less skills. Besides these main tests there are other testes like achievement tests, general aptitude tests, special aptitude tests and various types of special ability tests. Tests are essential for any selection, recruitment, counselling, training and even at the time of promotion.

A general answer tracing the testing of a student (aptitude, personality, intelligence, ability and achievement); Explaining test results and achievability of goals; handling the admission process to courses (prerequisites for a course, presentation, at interviews etc.) and finally finding the right fit for the student.

ISC Class 12 Psychology Previous Year Question Papers

ISC English Language Previous Year Question Paper 2019 Solved for Class 12

Maximum Marks: 100
Time allowed: Three hours

(Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.)
Attempt all four questions.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
(You are advised to spend not more than 50. minutes on Question 1, 40 minutes on Question 2, 30 minutes on Question 3 and 1 hour on Question 4.)
(You should begin each answer on a fresh page.)

Question 1.
Write a composition (in approximately 450-500 words) on any one of the following subjects : (25)
(You are reminded that you will be rewarded for orderly and coherent presentation of material, use of appropriate style and general accuracy of spelling, punctuation and grammar.)
(a) You have gone on a trekking expedition with a group of friends. As night closed in, you realised that you were separated from the group. Describe your initial feelings and the place where you got lost. How did you spend the night alone before you were reunited with your group?
(b) It is easy to advice others not to worry, but difficult for oneself to follow the same. Narrate an experience which made you realise the truth of this statement.
(c) ‘The best things in life come free’. Write for or against the statement.
(d) Photographs
(e) In order to be successful, one should rely on oneself and not expect others to help. Express your views on the given statement.
(f) Write an original short story beginning with the following words :
She was delighted to find the sealed envelope lying on her table. As she reached for it ……………………
Answers :
(a) A Trekking Expedition
A trekking expedition is always interesting and thrilling. We a group of friends decided to go on trekking in Manali during the winter season. I was highly excited. I thought we would have tun all the way. So I took keen interest in making preparations. Some of my friends had already had trekking experiences. They sounded less enthused than others in the group, including myself. When they cautioned us about the difficulties on the way I just pooh-poohed what they said.

We decided to walk all the day to reach Manhar, a small sleepy village where the uncle of one of our friends lived. He said that we would stay at his place for the night, and then resume our journey back to Manali the next day. Throughout the day long journey we all enjoyed a lot. Though after some hours of trekking in the valley on zig-zag, rough paths we felt tired. We saw in thedistance a black bear, but it disappeared in no time.

In my enthusiasm I opted to take a short-route. No one accompanied me. I went on and on, all alone. After an hour, the sun suddenly disappeared, and black clouds came threateningly over me. There was no one visible. Only a mixture of animal sounds struck my ears. I realized that I had got lost I tried to look for some hut to take shelter. In no time the rain started. I was full of fear. It was becoming difficult to find the way. I slipped once or twice. A sudden roar of some animal—maybe a tiger—gave me shivers of fright. Thankfully, no animal came on my way.

Suddenly my eyes fell on a deserted hut on a mound. I rushed, almost running, to the place. I was surprised that there was no one in the hut. But to my goodluck, a cot and a blanket were there. There were a few packets of eatables I ate some and lay down on the cot after having secured the door.

When I woke up I found myself surrounded by my friends who had come all the way in search of me when the day had dawned. I was happy to be reunited with them.

I would never forget this trekking expedition. It taught me not to be over zealous at any time in life.

(b) Easy to Advise Others
I often get panicky near all kinds of tests and interviews. Though I prepare myself well for any such ordeal, I cann’t help worrying. My mind is full of all sorts of apprehensions. I ask myself what would happen if I fail. But once I face the test or interview I am full of energy and enthusiasm. My elder sister used to advise me to give up worrying. She repeatedly made fun of me for worrying uselessly. She posed herself as a calm and focused person who could never have any worry in life. My parents praised her for this quality of hers. I would envy her. But now I know the truth. She is not a worry-less person.

About a year ago she was finding a job after doing her B. Tech. She was quite confident in the beginning. But somehow she failed to find a decent job of her liking. She kept her poise for sometime. Dark circles began to appear under her eyes. Whenever Father or Mother would enquire if she had any problem, her answer would be, “What do you say ? What problem? I have no worry at all.” No one was convinced with her reply, but no one dared to challenge her. I decided to keep a watch on her.

I could not find anything abnormal with her for quite some time. One day my sister attended an interview with no positive result. When she came back home she was as usual smiling. She said she was still hopeful, adding she disliked those who worry unnecessarily, as she looked at me with a glint of mischief in her eyes. I was peeved, and became all the more determined to find out the reality about her.

That very night, through the open window of her study, I found her before her table, lying her head down, sobbing and then screaming. I did not disturb her. The next day, when she was out, I crept in her room. I found a paper on her table, with some lines scribbled over and over again—’I am a failure. I am a failure….’ Undoubtedly, she was worrying too much. Then I realised the truth that it is easy to advise others not to worry, but difficult for oneself to follow the same.

(c) The Best things in Life Come Free
It is strange but true that the best things in life come free. What are those ‘best’ things ? Not cars, bungalows, money, gadgets or comforts. One has to pay dearly for all these things, but these are not the best things as they are not perennial. They do not provide happiness. Nor do they provide us contentment. Rather these things make us more and more unhappy, greedy and dishonest.

The best things in life are health, happiness and contentment, and all the elements of nature— air, water, rain or sunshine. These things cannot be sold or bought. They are acquired, inborn or enjoyed freely. Let us take health, first of all. It is strange that most of the rich people are unhealthy. They spend a lot of money. They go to gyms, consult doctors and health- instructors, but in vain. It is simple because they are devoid of those things which matter in life the most-internal happiness and contentment. Most of them remain stressed, and stress becomes the cause of several ailments. It is, however, equally true that many poor persons also remain unhealthy because of their greed and dissatisfaction in life.

Happiness and contentment are inter-dependent. Those who are contented are almost always happy. Both these things can be had free of cost.

No money is needed for them If you have faith in yourself if you are well-adjusted in life if you are free from common vices, you are sure to be happy and contented. And if you are truly happy and contented, you are physically and mentally healthy.

If one enjoys air and sunshine which come free and freely to us, one is bound to be healthy. A regular walk in the morning and in the evening is enough to keep one health}. God has given us many things free of cost. Fresh air in the morning is health-giving, and so is sunshine. Those who confine themselves in narrow, AC chambers and do not enjoy the bounties of nature can never remain healthy for long.

Therefore, it is truly said that the best things in life are free.

(d) Photographs
Photographs are significant as they revive old memories and remind us of persons long forgotten. They are also used for identification purpose on official documents. In fact, they serve many purposes. A family album of photographs is a useful heirloom. With the use of digital cameras photographs are saved and stored. The new generation likes these kinds of photographs which are easy to take and save. The men belonging to the old generations still prefer old kind of photo albums to on-line albums.

The process of taking photographs with a camera is known as photography. A person who takes up photography as a hobby is called amateur photographer whereas one w ho practises it as a profession is called a professional photographer. Professional photographers fall into different categories — news photographers, fashion photographers, portrait photographers,’ landscape photographers and event photographers.

Photography as a hobby is quite exciting and useful. Those who are fond of travelling can become good photographers. Photographs of various objects and scenes of nature are always captivating. Photographs of birds and animals in their natural habitats are interesting as well as instructive. From these photographs we learn a lot about the behaviour and life styles of various animals and birds. Shooting animals with a camera has become quite an interesting and profitable activity for some animal lovers. With the help of zoom lenses cameras can capture animals and birds from a great distance.

Family photographs are always thrilling. Adults looking at their childhood photographs get a rare pleasure. They go back in memory lanes and remember what they have forgotten. Dead ancestors come alive through family photographs.

Scientific and technological advancements have come as a boon in photography. Now we have digital cameras, video cameras, movie cameras, etc. Our mobile phones are fitted with quality cameras. Within minutes, a picture can be taken and transmitted across the globe. Photographs of various kinds, as such, continue to excite us. They provide unexpected surprises at times. They can also become a good source of income.

(e) Self-help
It is truly said that even God helps those who help themselves. It is only self-help that guarantees success. If you continue to sit idle and wait for someone to come and help you, you are greatly mistaken. No one likes to help those who do not rely on their own resources. Success comes to those who are confident of themselves. They may be poor or weak, but they know that only their own efforts can enable them to overcome all difficulties and obstacles on the way to glory and success. Therefore, they do not sit idle. Rather they work hard and achieve success. Someone has rightly said that if you go to a person for help, he may strike a bargain with you to his own advantage.

Take a look at history All great worriors and heroes fought their own battles. Lord Krishna could have defeated the Kauravas single-handedly, but he let the Pandavas fight their own battles.The Pandavas too sought his blessings and inspiration and put in their sincere efforts and won the war. Good general lead their soldiers from the front and do not expect their soldiers to win wars for them.

Self-help is the best in whatever field you are. When you start putting your efforts and do your best, others do watch you and come to your help unexpectedly. But if you do nothing, you are ignored even by your best well-wishers. They feel that you do not deserve any help. Those who leave everything to God or Fate, they, too, are in for a shock. They may continue to chant God’s name thousands of times, God remains aloof and unhelpful.

Therefore, one must depend on oneself to achieve anything in life. Help from others should not be expected or waited for.

(f) She was delighted to find the sealed envelope lying on her table. As she reached for it, something unexpected happened all of a sudden. A small monkey entered her room from the open window behind her study table, caught hold of the envelope and ran out from the window in no time.

She screamed loudly and called her father who was still at home. Father came in and enquired what had happened.

‘Amonkey…a monkey’, she murmured.
‘What monkey ?’ Father asked her confusedly.

‘Papa… a monky has taken my envelope having my certificates. Do something, please. I can see him on a tree in our garden’.

Father ran out, followed by Seema. They saw the monkey, sitting on a branch, trying to figure out what the envelope was and what it had. With a stick, Father tried to frighten the monkey. The monkey a mischievous rascal, giggled as it jumped to another branch, holding the envelope carefully as if it were a prize possession.

Ramu, our servant, came out with a more practical solution. He picked up some stones and threw them up aiming at the monkey. The Monkey remained adament and seemed to laugh down at us from his perch.

Then suddenly a crow flew over the monkey, and in fright the monkey’s hold on the envelope loosened and it fell down with a thud.
Seema rushed forward and caught hold of the envelope. Father went to his room. Seema opened the envelope, and was amused to find a few forms in it, sent to some Rakesh to be filled in for some job.

Question 2.
(a) You are Nitin/Nita from XYZ School. You wish to start applying to various colleges for admission after your ISC examination. In about 300 words, draft your personal profile using the guidelines given below : (20)

Your name, years spent in the school you are passing out from — academic interests and performance — cultural activities you participated in — sports — positions of leadership held during your stay in the school — your future plans and goals — two characteristics that you consider to be your strengths — two characteristics that set you apart from the others.

(b) As a member of the Student Council of your school, you wish to start an old clothes collection drive. These clothes are to be donated to an orphanage nearby. Write a proposal in not more than 150 words, stating the steps you would take to make it a
success.
Answer:
(a) Personal Profile

1. Name : Nitin
2. Father’s Name : Sh. AN Sharma
3. Address : 13, New Park, Gurugram
4. Education : Studied in St. Joseph’s school, Gurogram Passed ISC exam seeming 95% marks, 2018
5. Academic Interests : Reading journals on Computer Science Interest in Artificial Intelligence
6. Cultural Activities : Participated in debates at the Inter School Level Won many First Prizes
7. Sports : Interest iii pbying cricket
8. Position of Leadership : was Head Boy for 1 year at the school
9. Future Plans . want to do MS in Computer Science (Artificial Intelligence) desire to work in an MNC in the USA
10. Personality : hard work and sincerity in whatever I do innovative mind, applying theories to day-to-day life.

(b) Proposal Heading Objectives

• Proposal to start an old clothes collection drive
• the orphanage near our school needs clothing badly
• woollen clothes and blankets to be provided urgent
• a system to be developed to cater to all kinds of needs of the inmates of the orphanage
• the old clothes collection drive to be focused on the students of our school

List of Measures : students of senior classes o be requested to donae clothes liberally

• a parents’ meeting to be arranged to apprise then of the drive and to make a request for help.
• the morning assembly to be used for exhorting the students to donate and collect as many clothes sweaters, jackets. blankets. etc — as possible
• the Principal and the staff to be involved in the drive actively.

Conclusion :

• The humanitarian task to be undertaken by the student Council. will have a sobering influence and a novel experience for the students.

— Rakesh
Member. Student Council
St. Joseph School. Gurugram

Question 3.
Answer sections (a), (A) and (c).
(a) In each of the following items, sentence A is complete, while sentence B is not. Complete sentence B, making it as similar as possible to sentence A. Write sentence B in each case. (10)
Example:
(O)
(A) : All nooks and corners were checked.
(B) : No ……………………………………
Answer:
(O) No nook or corner was left unchecked.

(1)
(A) : He is so old that he cannot remember events of the past.
(B) : He is too ……………………………………

(2)
(A) : As soon as the bell rings, the children run out (o pIa,
(B) : No sooner ……………………………………

(3)
(A) : No other planet is as big as Jupiter.
(B) : Jupiter ……………………………………

(4)
(A) : He is forgetful as well as careless with his work.
(B) : Besides ……………………………………

(5)
(A) : It is probable that (lie ‘hip will reach the shore.
(B) : In all ……………………………………

(6)
(A) : She said that she would return the book to the library the next da’.
(B) : She said, ……………………………………

(7)
(A) : Only trained graduates need to apply for the post.
(B) : None ……………………………………

(8)
(A) : His attitude towards his parents has always puzzled flic.
(B) : I have ……………………………………

(9)
(A) : He loved his little daughter, but he was in mortal fear of her fierce temper.
(B) : All though ……………………………………

(10)
(A) : When she heard the news of her daughter’s result, she ‘.‘.as very happy.
(B) : On ……………………………………

(b) Fill in each blank with a suitable word. (Do not write the sentence.) (5)
(1) She turned …………………………………… the offer to work at the factory.
(2) To everyone’s surprise, he turned …………………………………… at the party.
(3) He broke …………………………………… in the middle of his speech at the function.
(4) The burglars broke …………………………………… the house when the family was away.
(5) He agreed to carry …………………………………… the manager’s orders.
(6) Sita’s daughter carried …………………………………… the family business when Sita went abroad.
(7) He ran …………………………………… from home at the age of ten.
(8) I ran …………………………………… my old friend in the market place.
(9) Her aunt looks …………………………………… her aging grandparents.
(10) The Principal looks/matters of complaint from teachers and students.

(c) Fill in the blanks in the passage given below with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Do not write the passage, but write the verbs in the correct order. (5)

One day I …………………………………… (1) (be) in the lunch line, and there I saw a pile of apples. The teacher-in-charge …………………………………… (2) (stare) at me and said, ‘”Just …………………………………… (3) (take) one. God …………………………………… (4) (watch)”. So, I …………………………………… (5) (take) an apple, and the tine …………………………………… (6) (move) along. At the next table there …………………………………… (7) (be) a pile of chocolate chip cookies. I …………………………………… (8) (not know) what to do. “Psst,” the kid behind me …………………………………… (9) (whisper). …………………………………… (10) (take) all you want. God’s watching the apple.”
Answers :
(a) (1) He is too old to remember events of the past.
(2) No sooner does the bell ring than the children run out to play.
(3) Jupiter is the biggest planet.
(4) Besides being forgetíùl he is careless with his work.
(5) In all probability’ the ship will reach the shore.
(6) She said, “I will return the book to the library tomorrow.”
(7) None but the trained graduates need to apply for the pos
(8) 1 bave always been puzzled by his attitude towards his parents.
(9) Although he loved his little daughter, he was in mortal fear of her fierce temper.
(10) On heating the news of her daugher s result. she was very happy.

(b)
(1) down (2) up (3) down (4) into (5) out (6) on (7) away (8) across (9) aller (10) into

(c)
(1) was (2) stared (3) take (4) is watching (5) took (6) moved (7) was (8) did not know (9) whispered (10) Take

Question 4.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions (a), (b) and (c) that follow :
(1) At the Literary Society’s meeting, Isola read out the letters written to her Granny Pheen, when she was but a little girl. They were from a very kind man — a complete stranger. Isola told us how these letters came to be written.

(2) When Granny Pheen was nine years old, her cat died. Heartbroken, sitting in the middle of the road, she was sobbing her heart out.

(3) A carriage, driving far too fast, came within a whisker of running her down. A very big man in a dark coat with a fur collar, jumped out. leaned over Pheen and asked if he could help her. Granny Pheen said she was beyond help. Muffin, her cat, was dead.

(4) The man said, ‘Of course, Muffin’s not dead. You do know cats have nine lives, don’t you?’ When Pheen said yes, the man said, ‘Well, I happen to know your Muffin was only on her third life, so she has six lives left.’ Pheen asked how he knew. He said he always knew — cats would often appear in his mind and chat with him. Well, not in words, of course, but in pictures.

(5) He sat down on the road beside her and told her to keep still — very still. He would see if Muffin wanted to visit him. They sat in silence for several minutes, when suddenly the man grabbed Pheen’s hand.

(6) ‘Ah—yes! There she is ! She’s being bom this minute! In a mansion — in France. There’s a little boy petting her, he’s going to call her Solange. This Solange has great spirit, great verve — I can tell already ! She is going to have a long, venturesome life’.

(7) Granny Pheen was so rapt by Muffin’s new fate that she stopped ciying. The man said he would visit Solange every so often and find out how she was faring.

(8) He asked for Granny Pheen’s name and the name of the farm where she lived, got back into the carriage, and left.

(9) Absurd as all this sounds. Granny Pheen did receive eight long letters, Isola then read them out. They were all about Muffin’s life as the French cat — Solange. She was, apparently, something of a feline musketeer. She was no idle cat, lolling about on cushions, lapping up cream — she lived through one wild adventure after another — the only cat ever to be awarded the red rosette of the Legion of Honour.

(10) What a story this man had made up for Pheen — lively, witty, full of drama and suspense. We were enchanted, speechless at the reading. When it was over (and much applauded), I asked Isola if I could see the letters, and she handed them to me.

The writer had signed his letters with a grand flourish .

Very Truly Yours,
O.F.O’F. W.W.

It was highly possible that Isola had inherited eight letters written by Oscar Wilde, for who else could have had such a preposterous name as Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Willis wilde.

Adapted from The Guernsey Literary & Potato Peel Pie Society —
By Mary Ann Shaffer & Annie Barrows

(a) (i) Given below are four words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage : (4)
(1) adventurous
(2) cat-like
(3) appreciated
(4) received something on someone’s death

(ii) For each of the words given below, write a sentence of at least ten words using the same word unchanged in form, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage : (4)
(1) kind (line 2)
(2) mind (line 13)
(3) still (line 15)
(4) sounds (line 26)

(b) Answer the following questions in your own words as briefly as possible :
(i) Where did Isola get the letters from to read at the Literary Society’s meeting? [2]
(ii) Who consoled Granny Pheen when she was heart-broken? What did he say about Muffin’s lives? [2]
(iii) What did the man say when Granny Pheen asked him how he knew about cats’ lives? [2]
(iv) According to the man, what was Muffin’s new fate ? [3]

(c) In not more than 100 words, summarise why the eight letters were a treasure to Granny Pheen. (Paragraphs 2 to 10). Failure to keep within the world limit will be penalised. You will be required to write the summary in the form of a connected passage in about 100 words. [8]
Answers:
(i)
(1) venturesome
(2) feline
(3) applauded
(4) inherited

(ii) (1) Kind : I am not that kind of girl who can be easily flattered.
(2) mind : Would you mind my smoking in your room for a while?
(3) still: I am sorry but there is still more bad new s for y ou.
(4) sounds : Try to be familiar with different sounds and smells of the forest.

(b) (i) Isola got the letters from her Granny written to her by a stranger (in reality; Oscer Wilde) when she was but a small girl.
(ii) The stranger consoled Granny Pheen when she was heart-broken. He said that Muffin was not really dead, as a cat had nine lives, he added, she was on her third life.
(iii) he told Granny Pheen that he knew about cat’s lives as cats would often appear in his mind and chat with him.
(iv) According to the man, Muffin was being bom that minute in a mansion in France.

(c) Summary
When Granny Pheen was nine, her cat died. She was heart-broken. A man came and consoled her saying that her cat was not really dead. As a cat had nine lives, her cat was on her third life. She was actually being bom in amansion in France. The man said that he knew aboutit as cats often appeared in his mind and chat with him. GrannyPheen stopped crying. The man went away and wrote her long letters aboutthe new life of her cat,, named Solange. Solange had been honored for her various adventures. These letters were read by her niece Isola at the Literary Society’s meeting.

ISC Class 12 English Language Previous Year Question Papers

ISC Maths Previous Year Question Paper 2015 Solved for Class 12

Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 100

(Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.)

• The Question Paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Section A and all questions either from Section B or Section C.
• Section A: Internal choice has been provided in three questions of four marks each and two questions of six marks each.
• Section B: Internal choice has been provided in two questions of four marks each.
• Section C: Internal choice has been provided in two questions of four marks each.
• All working, including rough work, should be done on the same sheet as, and adjacent to the rest of the answer.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
• Mathematical tables and graph papers are provided.

Section – A

Question 1. [10 × 3]
(i) Find the value of k if M = \(M=\left[\begin{array}{ll}{1} & {2} \\ {2} & {3}\end{array}\right]\) and M² – kM – I₂ = 0
(ii) Find the equation of an ellipse whose latus rectum is 8 and eccentricity is \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 }\).
(iii) Solve: \(\cos ^{-1}\left(\sin \cos ^{-1} x\right)=\frac{\pi}{6}\)
(iv) Using L’ Hospital’s rule, evaluate: \(\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{x-\sin x}{x^{2} \sin x}\)
(v) Evaluate: \(\int \frac{2 y^{2}}{y^{2}+4} d y\)
(vi) Evaluate: \(\int_{0}^{3} f(x) d x, \text { where } f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\cos 2 x, 0 \leq x} & { \leq \frac{\pi}{2}} \\ {3,} & {\frac{\pi}{2} \leq x \leq 3}\end{array}\right\}\)
(vii) The two lines of regressions are 4x + 2y – 3 = 0 and 3x + 6y + 5 = 0. Find the correlation co-efficient between x and y.
(viii) A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of playing cards. What is the probability that it is either a spade or an ace or both?
(ix) If 1, ω and ω² are the cube roots of unity, prove that \(\frac{a+b \omega+c \omega^{2}}{c+a \omega+b \omega^{2}}=\omega^{2}\)
(x) Solve the differential equation: \(\sin ^{-1}\left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)=x+y\)
Solution:

Question 2.
(a) Using properties of determinants, prove that: [5]

(b) Given two matrices A and B [5]

find AB and use this result to solve the following system of equations:
x – 2y + 3 = 6, x + 4y + z = 12, x – 3y + 2z = 1
Solution:

Question 3.
(a) Solve the equation for x: \(\sin ^{-1} \frac{5}{x}+\sin ^{-1} \frac{12}{x}=\frac{\pi}{2}, x \neq 0\) [5]
(b) A, B and C represent switches in ‘on’ position and A’, B’ and C’ represent them in ‘off’ position. Construct a switching circuit representing the polynomial ABC + A B’ C + A’ B’ C. Using Boolean Algebra, prove that the given polynomial can be simplified to C (A+ B’). Construct an equivalent switching circuit. [5]
Solution:

Question 4.
(a) Verily Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem for the following function: [5]
f(x) = 2 sin x + sin 2x on [0, π]
(b) Find the equation of the hyperbola whose foci are (0, ± √10 ) and passing through the point (2, 3). [5]
Solution:
(a) The function f(x) = 2 sin x + sin 2x is derivable for all values of x, hence derivable in (0, π) also
Now, f'(x) = 2 cos x + 2 cos 2x
Using Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem;

Question 5.

(b) Show that the rectangle of the maximum perimeter which can be inscribed in a circle of radius 10 cm is a square of side 10√2 cm.
Solution:

Question 6.
(a) Evaluate: [5]
\(\int \frac{\sec x}{1+\csc x} d x\)
(b) Find the smaller area enclosed by the circle x² + y² = 4 and the line x + y = 2.
Solution:

Question 7.
(a) Given that the observations are: [5]
(9, -4), (10, -3), (11, -1), (12, 0), (13, 1), (14, 3), (15, 5), (16, 8).
Find the two lines of regression and estimate the value of y when x = 13.5
(b) In a contest, the competitors are awarded marks out of 20 by two judges. The scores of the 10 competitors are given below. Calculate Spearman’s rank correlation. [5]

Solution:
(a) We have the following calculation for regression equations

Question 8.
(a) An um contains 2 white and 2 black balls. A ball is drawn at random. If it is white, it is not replaced into the um. Otherwise, it is replaced with another ball of the same colour. The process is repeated. Find the probability that the third ball is drawn is black. [5]
(b) Three persons A, B and C shoot to hit a target. If A hits the target four times in five trials, B hits it three times in four trials and C hits it two times in three trials, find the probability that: [5]
(i) Exactly two persons hit the target.
(ii) At least two persons hit the target.
(iii) None hit the target.
Solution:
(a) Using a tree diagram:
Since there are 2 white and 2 black balls.

Question 9.
(a) If \(z=x+i y, w=\frac{2-i z}{2 z-i} \quad \text { and }|w|=1\) find the locus of z and illustrate it in the Aigand Plane. [5]
(b) Solve the differential equation:
\(\mathrm{e}^{\frac{x}{y}}\left(1-\frac{x}{y}\right)+\left(1+\mathrm{e}^{\frac{x}{y}}\right) \frac{d x}{d y}=0 \text { when } x=0, y=1\) [5]
Solution:

Section – B

Question 10.
(a) Using vectors, prove that angle in a semicircle is a right angle. [5]
(b) Find the volume of a parallelopiped whose edges are represented by the vectors: [5]
\(\vec{a}=2 \hat{i}-3 \hat{j}-4 \hat{k}, \vec{b}=\hat{i}+2 \hat{j}-\vec{k}, \text { and } \vec{c}=3 \hat{i}+\hat{j}+2 \hat{k}\)
Solution:

Question 11.
(a) Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes: [5]
x + y + z + 1 = 0 and 2x – 3y + 5z – 2 = 0 and the point (-1, 2, 1).
(b) Find the shortest distance between the lines \(\vec{r}=\hat{i}+2 \hat{j}+3 \hat{k}+\lambda(2 \hat{i}+3 \hat{j}+4 \vec{k})\) and
\(\vec{r}=2 \hat{i}+4 \hat{j}+5 \hat{k}+\mu(4 \hat{i}+6 \hat{j}+8 \vec{k})\) [5]
Solution:
(a) The equation of any plane passing through the line of intersection of the given plane.
x + y + z + 1 = 0 and 2x – 3y + 5z – 2 = 0 can be written as
x + y + z + 1 – k (2x – 3y + 5z – 2) = 0 ……. (i)
Where k is any real number
Now, if the plane passes through the point (-1, 2, 1)

Question 12.
(a) Box I contains two white and three black balls. Box II contains four white and one black balls and box III contains three white and four black balls. A dice having three red, two yellow and one green face, is thrown to select the box. If red face turns up, we pick up the box I, if a yellow face turns up we pick up box II, otherwise, we pick up box III. Then we draw a ball from the selected box. If the ball drawn is white, what is the probability that the dice had turned up with a red face? [5]
(b) Five dice are thrown simultaneously if the occurrence of an odd number in a single dice is considered a success, find the probability of maximum three successes. [5]
Solution:
(a) Considered the following events:
E₁, E₂, E₃ be pertaining to the red-faced dice yellow face and green-faced die
P(E₁) = \(\frac { 3 }{ 6 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)
Probability of getting white ball from Box I = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\)
Probability of getting a white ball from box II = \(\frac { 4 }{ 5 }\)
Probability of getting a white ball from box II = \(\frac { 3 }{ 7 }\)
Using Baye’s theorem
Required probability

Section – C

Question 13.
(a) Mr Nirav borrowed ₹ 50,000 from the bank for 5 years. The rate of interest is 9% per annum compounded monthly. Find the payment he makes monthly if he pays back at the beginning of each month. [5]
(b) A dietician wishes to mix two kinds of food X and Y in such a way that the mixture contains at least 10 units of vitamin A, 12units of vitamin Band 8 units of vitamin C. The vitamin contents of one kg food is given below:

One kg of food X costs ₹ 24 and one kg of food Y costs ₹ 36. Using Linear Programming, find the least cost of the total mixture which will contain the required vitamins. [5]
Solution:
(a) Nirav borrowed amount V = ₹ 50000
Interest (i) = 9% per annum = \(\frac { 9 }{ 12 }\) per month
Number of months = 60
Now,

(b) Let x kg of food X and y kg of food Y be mixed in the desired diet.
Therefore, the linear programming problem is to minimize Z = 24x + 36y subject to the constraints:
x + 2y ≥ 10
2x + 2y ≥ 12
3x + y ≥ 8
are drawn with x = 0 as the y – axis and y = 0 as the x-axis.
Thus, the lines PQ : x + 2y = 10, RS: x + y = 6 and TU : 3x + y = 8
Now, PQ and RS meet at V (2, 4), RS and TU meet at X (1, 5).
The shaded region in the graph on the right side is the feasible region.
The value of Z = 24x + 36y at PVXU respectively
(i) At P (10, 0), Z_p = 24 × 10 + 136 × 0 = 240
(ii) At V (2, 4), Z_v = 24 × 2 + 36 × 4 = 192
(iii) At X (1, 5), Z_x = 24 × 1 + 36 × 5 = 204
(iv) At U(0, 8), Z_u = 24 × 0 + 36 × 8 = 288
From these values Z_v is the minimum value.
2 kg of food X and 4 kg of food Y are needed for required diet.

Question 14.
(a) A bill for ₹ 7650 was drawn on 8th March 2013, at 7 months. It was discounted on 18th May 2013 and the holder of the bill received ₹ 7497. What is the rate of interest charged by the bank? [5]
(b) The average cost function, AC for a commodity is given by AC = x + 5 + \(\frac { 36 }{ x }\), in terms of output x. Find:
(i) The total cost, C and marginal cost, MC as a function of x.
(ii) The outputs for which AC increases. [5]
Solution:

Question 15.
(a) Calculate the index number for the year 2014, with 2010 as the base year by the weighted aggregate method from the following data: [5]

(b) The quarterly profits of a small scale industry (in thousands of rupees) is as follows:

Calculate four quarterly moving averages. Display these and the original figures graphically on the same graph sheet.
Solution:

ISC Class 12 Maths Previous Year Question Papers

ISC Physics Previous Year Question Paper 2014 Solved for Class 12

Part-I
(Answer all questions)

Question 1.
(A) Choose the correct alternative (a), (b), (c) or (d) for each of the questions given below : [5]
(i) The intensity of electric field at a point at a perpendicular distance ‘r’ from an infinite line charge, having linear charge density ‘λ’ is given by:
(a) \(E=\left(\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_{0}}\right) \frac{\lambda}{r}\)
(b) \(E=\left(\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_{0}}\right) \frac{2 \lambda}{r}\)
(c) \(E=\left(\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_{0}}\right) \frac{\lambda}{r^{2}}\)
(d) \(E=\left(\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_{0}}\right) \frac{2 \lambda}{r^{2}}\)

(ii) If R₁ and R₂ are filament resistances of a 200 W and a 100 W bulb respectively, designed to operate on the same voltage, then:
(a) R₁ = R₂
(b) R₂ = 2R₁
(c) R₂ = 4R₁
(d) R₁ = 4R₂

(iii) A metallic wire having length of 2 m and weight of 4 x 10^-3 N is found to remain at rest in a uniform and transverse magnetic field of 2 x 10^-4 T. Current flowing through the wire is:
(a) 10 A
(b) 5 A
(c) 2 A
(d) l A

(iv) When a beam of white light is passed through sodium vapors and then through a spectrometer, spectrum so obtained has two dark lines present in the yellow region. This spectrum is called:
(a) band spectrum
(b) continuous spectrum
(c) absorption spectrum of sodium
(d) emission spectrum of sodium

(v) If l₃ and l₂ represent angular momenta of an orbiting electron in III and II Bohr orbits respectively, then l₃: l₂ is :
(a) 3:2
(b) 9:4
(c) 2:3
(d) 4:9

(B) Answer all questions given below briefly and to the point: [15]
(i) A parallel plate air capacitor has a capacitance of 5 μF. It becomes 50 μF when a dielectric medium occupies the entire space between its two plates. What is the dielectric constant of the medium ?

(ii) Find the emf of the battery shown in figure :

(iii) Two substances A and B have their relative permeability slightly greater and slightly less than 1 respectively. What do you conclude about A and B as far as their magnetic materials are concerned?

(iv) When does a moving charged particle nor experience any force while moving through a uniform magnetic field ?

(v) What is the turns ratio i.e., transformer ratio, n_s: n_p, in an ideal transformer which in-creases ac voltage from 220 V to 33000 V ?

(vi) What is meant by coherent sources of light ?

(vii) A ray of light is incident on a transparent medium at polarizing angle. What is the angle between the reflected ray and the refracted ray ?

(viii) Name the physical principle on which the working of optical fibers is based.

(ix) What is meant by shortsightedness ?

(x) How does focal length of a convex lens change with increase in wavelength of incident light?

(xi) With reference to photoelectric effect, what is meant by threshold wavelength ?

(xii) Half life of a certain radioactive element is 3.465 days. Find its disintegration constant.

(xiii) Binding energy per nucleon for helium nucleus (2 He) is 7.0 MeV Find value of mass defect for helium nucleus.

(xiv) Write one balanced reaction representing nuclear fusion.

(xv) Draw the truth table of a NOR gate.
Answers:
(A) (i) (b)
(ii) (b)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (c)
(v) (a)

(B) \(\begin{aligned} \text { (i) We know that } &=\mathrm{KC}_{0} \\ \therefore \mathrm{K} &=\frac{\mathrm{C}}{\mathrm{C}_{0}}=\frac{50}{5}=10 \end{aligned}\)

(ii) Net emf of the cells in each row = 6 V
Since the two rows are connected in parallel.
Net emf = emf of each row = 6 V

(iii) Since the permeability of a paramagnetic is slightly greater than 1 and that of a diamag¬netic substance is less than A, A must be paramagnetic and B must be diamagnetic.

(iv) Charged particle does not experience any force when it moves in the direction of the magnetic field.

(v) \(\frac{n_{s}}{n_{p}}=\frac{E_{s}}{E_{p}}=\frac{33000}{220}=150\)

(vi) Two sources of light which emit light of the same frequency and wavelength having a constant phase difference between them and preferably of the same amplitude are called coherent sources. They are desired from the same source.

(vii) When the ray of light is incident at the polarizing angle, the angle between the reflected and refracted ray is 90°.

(viii) Optical fibers are based on the principle of total internal reflection.

(ix) It is a defect of the eye. A shortsighted person can see only near objects clearly but is not able to see far objects clearly. It is due to the decrease in focal length of the eye lens.

(x) The focal length of a convex lens increases as the wavelength increases. This is so because the refractive index decreases with increase in wavelength of light.

(xi) Threshold wavelength is the maximum wavelength of light corresponding to which the photoelectric effect just starts.

(xii) T_H = 3.465 days, λ = ?

(xv) The truth table for NOR gate which is a combination of ‘OR’ gate followed by a NOT gate is given below

Part-II
(Answer six questions in this part, choosing two questions from each of the Sections A, B and C)

Section-A
(Answer any two questions)

Question 2.
(a) An electric dipole of dipole moment \(\vec{p}\) is placed in a uniform electric field \(\vec{E}\) with its axis inclined to the field. Write an expression for the torque \(\vec{T}\) experienced by the dipole in vector form. Show diagrammatically how the dipole should be kept in the electric field so that the torque acting on it is:
(i) maximum
(ii) zero [3]

(b) You are provided with 8 μF capacitors. Show with the help of a diagram how you will arrange minimum number of them to get a resultant capacitance of 20 μF. [3]

(c) (i) Define temperature coefficient of resistance of the material of a conductor. [3]
(ii) When the cold junction of a thermo couple is maintained at 0°C, the thermo emf ‘e’, generated by this thermo couple is given by the relation :
\(e=\left[16.8 \theta+\frac{1}{2}(-0.048) \theta^{2}\right] \times 10^{-6}\)
where θ is the temperature of the hot junction in °C. Find the neutral temperature of this thermo couple.
Answer:
(a) The torque experienced by the dipole is written as  \(\vec{\tau}=\vec{p} \times \vec{E}\)
(i) The torque experienced by a dipole is maximum when it is placed perpendicular to the direction of electric field as shown.

(ii) T= 0 if the dipole moments are parallel to the direction of electric field.

(b) The arrangement of 8 pF capacitor to get a capacity of 20 μF is as shown in the fig. Total capacity = 8 + 4 + 8 = 20 μF

(c) (i) Temperature coefficient of resistance is defined as the change in resistance per unit original resistance at 0°C per degree centigrade rise of temperature.

Question 3.
(a) Draw a labelled circuit diagram of a potentiometer to compare emfs of two cells. Write the working formula (Derivation not required). [3]

(b) How much resistance should be connected to 15 Ω resistor shown in the circuit in figure below so that the points M and N are at the same potential: [3]

(c) (i) With reference to free electron theory of conductivity, explain the terms: [3]
(a) Drift speed
(b) Relaxation time
(ii) What is the colour code of a carbon resistor having a resistance of 470 Ω. and a tolerance of 5%?
Answer:

(c) (i) (a) In metals, we have a large number of free electrons which are in random motion i.e.,will move all possible speeds in all possible directions. Dining their random motion, they collide and their velocities change. Due to the random motion, the number of electrons crossing any section of the conductor is zero. As a result no current flows. However ,when a potential difference is applied across the ends of the metallic conductor, the electrons drift under the effect of the applied electric field in one direction with a very small velocity called the drift velocity. As a result of which a net current flows through the conductor.

(b) Relaxation time is defined as the average time between two successive collisions of the electrons with the positive ions in the metal.
(ii) The colors of a resistance of 470 Ω ± 5% is Yellow, Violet, Brown, Gold.

Question 4.
(a) (i) State Tangent Law in magnetism. [2]
(ii) At a certain temperature, a ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic. What is this temperature called?

(b) (i) State Biot Savart law. [3]
(ii) Find magnetic flux density at a point on the axis of a long solenoid having 5000 tums/m when it carrying a current of 2 A.

(c) An alternating emf of 110 V is applied to a circuit containing a resistance R of 80 Ω and an inductor L in series. The current is found to lag behind the supply voltage by an angle 8 = tan^-1 (3/4). Find the: [4]
(i) Inductive reactance
(ii) Impedance of the circuit
(iii) Current flowing in the circuit
(iv) If the inductor has a coefficient of self inductance of 0.1 H, what is the frequency of the applied emf?
Answer:
(a) (ii) This temperature at which a ferromagnetic substance becomes paramagnetic is called
Curie temperature.

(b) (i) The magnetic induction, according to Biot Savart law, at a point P at a distance r due to current element Idl is given by

Section-B
(Answer any two questions)

Question 5.
(a) Name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is: [2]
(i) Suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation.
(ii) Produced by bombarding a metal target with high electrons.

(b) In Young’s double slit experiment, using monochromatic light, fringes are obtained on a screen placed at some distance from the slits. If the screen is moved by 5 x 10^-2 m towards the slits, the change in the fringe width is 3 x 10^-5 m. If the distance between the two slits is 10-3 m, calculate wavelength of the light used. [3]

(c) (i) State Brewster’s law of polarization of light.
(ii) How will you identify with the help of an experiment whether a given beam of light is of polarized light or of unpolarized light? [3]
Answer:
(a) (i) Microwaves or short rodio waves.
(ii) X-rays are produced by the bombardment of metal target with high speed electrons.
(b) Here, ΔD = 5 x 10^-2 m, Δβ = 3 ×10^-5 m, d = 10^-3 m, λ = ?
We know that fringe width in Young’s double slit experiment is given by

(a) (i) Brewster’s law states that the tangent of the angle of polarization is equal to the refractive index of the medium.
i.e., μ = tan lp, where p is the refractive index and lp the polarizing angle.
(ii) The given beam is made to pass through a polaroid. The polaroid is now rotated about the direction of the incident light. If there is no change in the intensity of the transmitted light, it is unpolarized. If there is a change in the intensity of the transmitted light, then the incident light is polarized.

Question 6.
(a) A narrow beam of monochromatic light, PQ, is incident normally on one face of an equiangular glass prism of refractive index 1.45. When the prism is immersed in a certain liquid, the ray makes a grazing emergence along the other face (See figure). Find the refractive index of this liquid. [2]

(b) When two thin lenses of focal lengths f₁ and f₂ are kept co axially and in contact, prove that their combined focal length ‘f’ is given by: [3]
\(\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{f_{1}}+\frac{1}{f_{2}}\)

(c) The figure below shows the positions of a point object O, two lenses, a plane mirror and the final image I which coincides with the object. The focal length of the convex lens is 20 cm. Calculate the focal length of the concave lens. [3]

Answer:
When the prism is immersed in the liquid and the incident ray emerges along AC, it is clear that it must be incident at the critical angle C on the face AC.
From the figure, \(\begin{array}{l}{\angle \mathrm{A}+\angle \mathrm{ARQ}=\angle \mathrm{C}+\angle \mathrm{ARQ}} \\ {\therefore \angle \mathrm{C}=\angle \mathrm{A}=60^{\circ}}\end{array}\)
Critical angle when the prism is immersed in the liquid is 60°.
If μ_g is the refractive index of the material of the prism w.r.t. liquid

(b) Let two thin lenses L₁ and L₂ of focal lengths f₁ and f₂ be put in contact. O is a point object at a distance u from the lens L₁ Its image is formed at I after refraction through the two lenses at a distance v from the combination. The lens L₁ forms the image of O at I’. I’, then serves as a virtual object for the lens L₂ which forms a real image at I.

(c) Since the image of the object coincides with the object itself, the rays of light passing through the lens combination strike the mirror normally. The point I’ where the rays of light are converged by the convex lens must be the focus of the concave lens because the emergent rays are parallel to the principal axis. For the convex lens


Now, distance between the two lenses is 16 cm.
∴ Focal length of the concave lens = 36 – 16 = 20 cm
Since the lens is concave, f= – 20 cm

Question 7.
(a) (i) What is meant by dispersive power of a transparent material? [4]
(ii) Show that, two thin lenses kept in contact, form an achromatic doublet if they satisfy the condition:
\(\frac{\omega}{f}+\frac{\omega^{\prime}}{f^{\prime}}=0\)
where the terms have their usual meaning.

(b) (i) Define magnifying power of a microscope in terms of visual angle.
(ii) What is the advantage of a compound microscope over a simple microscope? [2]

(c) An astronomical telescope uses two lenses of powers 10 dioptre and 1 dioptre. If the final image of a distant object is formed at infinity, calculate the length of the telescope. [2]
Answer.
(a) (i) Dispersive power of a transparent material: When white fight is incident on a prism, it
is split up into its constituent colours. Different colours are deviated through different angles. The violet colour is deviated the most and the red colour the least. Dispersive power is defined as the ratio of angular dispersion i. e., angle between the violet and red colours to the mean deviation of the mean yellow colour of fight. It is denoted by co and it depends upon the nature of the medium.
(ii) The focal length of a single lens is different for different colours. The image formed by a single lens suffers from chromatic aberration. However, it is possible to combine two lenses of different materials and focal lengths to form an achromatic combination in which f_r =f_v and image is free from chromatic aberration.
According to lens maker’s formula



Question 8.
(a) Answer the following questions with reference to Millikan’s oil drop experiment: [3]
(i) What is an atomiser ?
(ii)What is the use of an X-ray tube ?
(iii) What is the unique property shown by the charge of an oil drop ?

(b) (i) Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation. [3]
(ii) If the frequency of the incident radiation is increased from 4 × 10¹⁵ Hz to 8 × 10¹⁵ Hz, by how much will the stopping potential for a given photosensitive surface go up ?

(c) (i) What are matter waves? [2]
(ii) Show with the help of a labelled graph how their wavelength (λ) varies with their linear momentum (p).
Answer:
(a) (ii) X-ray tube is used to charge the oil drops by ionising them.
(iii) It was found that the charge on the oil drop was always some integral multiple of some minimum charge i. e.,
Q = ± Ne, where N is an integer
‘e’ is regarded as the charge on the electron.
(b) (i) Einstein’s photoelectric equation is
\(h v=h v_{0}+\frac{1}{2} m v_{\max }^{2}\)
Where v and v₀ are the frequencies of incident light and threshold frequency and v_max the maximum velocity of the ejected electron.

Question 9.
(a) The energy levels of an atom of a certain element are shown in the given figure. Which one of the transitions A, B, C, D or E will result in the emission of photons of electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 618.75 nm ? Support your answer with mathematical calculations. [3]

(b) Voltage applied between cathode and anode of an X-ray tube is 18 kV. Calculate the minimum wavelength of the X-rays produced. [2]

(c) In a nuclear reactor, what is the function of: [3]
(i) The moderator
(ii) The control rods
(iii) The coolant
Answer:

(c) (i) The function of moderator is to slow down the neutrons to thermal energies due to collision between the nuclei and neutrons produced in fission.
(ii) The function of control rods are used to control the rate at which fission takes place, control rods are of cadmium which can absorb neutrons and thus control the fission reaction.
(iii) Coolant is used to remove the heat which is released inside the reactor.

Question 10.

(b) In semiconductor physics, what is meant by: [3]
(i) rectifier
(ii) an amplifier
(iii) an oscillator

(c) With the help of a diagram, show how you can use several NAND gates to obtain an OR gate. [2]

Answer:

(ii) Neutrino: A neutrino is zero rest mass and charge less elementary particle. They have a very weak interaction with matter. They possess energy and momentum.

(b) (i) Rectifier: It is a device which converts alternating current into direct current.
(ii) Amplifier : An amplifier is a device which increases the energy of a weak signal by supplying energy from an external source. An amplifier increases the amplitude of a input signal.
(iii) Oscillator: An oscillator is a device which produces electrical oscillations of adjustable frequency and constant amplitude. An oscillator is basically an amplifier. A part of the output energy is fed back into the L-C circuit to produce sustained oscillations. .

(c) In the figure is shown an ‘OR’ gate produced by combining ‘NAND’ gates only.

ISC Class 12 Physics Previous Year Question Papers

ISC Physics Previous Year Question Paper 2017 Solved for Class 12

Maximum Marks: 70
Time allowed: Three hours

• Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time
• Answer all questions in Part I and ten questions from Part 11, choosing four questions from
• Section A, three questions from Section B and three questions from Section C.
• All working, including rough work, should be done on the same sheet as, and adjacent to, the rest of the answer.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
• Material to be supplied: Long tables including Trigonometric functions.
• A list of useful physical constants is given at the end of this paper.

Part – I (20 Marks)
(Answer all questions)

Question 1.
(a) Choose the correct alternative (a), (b), (c) or (d) for each of the questions given below: [5]
(i) The electrostatic potential energy of two point charges, 1 μC each, placed 1 metre apart in air is :
(a) 9 x 10³ J
(b) P x 10⁹ J
(c) 9 x 10^-3J
(d) 9 x 10^-3 eV

(ii) A wire of resistance R ’ is cut into ‘n ’ equal parts. These parts are then connected in parallel with each other. The equivalent resistance of the combination is :
(a) nR
(b) R/n
(c) n/R²
(d) R/n²

(iii) Magnetic susceptibility of platinum is 0.0001. Its relative permeability is :
(a) 1.0000
(b) 0.9999
(c) 1.0001
(d) 0

(iv) When a light wave travels from air to glass :
(a) its wavelength decreases
(b) its wavelength increases
(c) there is no change in wavelength
(d) its frequency decreases.

(v) A radioactive substance decays to 1/16th of its initial mass in 40 days. The half life of the substance, in days, is:
(a) 20
(b) 10
(c) 5
(d) 2.5

B. Answer all questions given below briefly and to the point: [15]
(i) Maximum torque acting on the electric dipole of moment 3 × 10^-29 Cm in a uniform electric field E is 6 × 10^-25 Nm. Find E.
(ii) What is meant by drift speed of free electrons ?
(iii) On which conservation principle is Kirchhoff’s Second Law of electrical networks based ?
(iv) Calculate magnetic flux density of the magnetic field at the center of a circular coil of 50 turns, having radius of 0.5 m and carrying a current of 5 A. .
(v) An a.c. generator generates an emf ‘s’ where e = 314 Sin (50 πt) volt. Calculate the frequency of the emf ∈.
(vi) With what type of source of light are cylindrical wave fronts associated ?
(vii) How is fringe width of an interference pattern in Young’s double slit experiment affected if the two slits are brought closer to each other ?
(viii) In a regular prism, what is the relation between angle of incidence and angle of emergence when it is in the minimum deviation position ?
(ix) A converging lens of focal length 40 cm is kept in contact with a diverging lens of focal length 30 cm. Find the focal length of the combination.
(x) How can the spherical aberration produced by a lens be minimised ?
(xi) Calculate the momentum of a photon of energy 6 x 10^-19 J.
(xii) According to Bohr, Angular momentum of an orbiting electron is quantised. ’ What is meant by this statement ?
(xiii) Why nuclear fusion reaction is also called thermo-nuclear reaction ?
(xiv) What is the minimum energy which a gamma ray photon must possess in order to produce electron-positron pair ?
(xv) Show the variation of voltage with time, for a digital signal.
Answers:

Part – II (20 Marks)
Answer ten questions in this part, choosing four questions from Section A, three questions from Section B and three questions from Section C

Section-A
(Answer any four questions)

Question 2.
(a) Show that electric potential at a point P, at a distance ‘r’ from a fixed point charge Q, is given by: [4]
\(\mathrm{V}=\left(\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}}\right) \frac{Q}{r}\)

(b) Intensity of electric field at a perpendicular distance of 0.5 m from an infinitely long line charge having linear charge density (X) is 3.6 x 10³ Vm^-1. Find the value of λ . [1]
Answer:

Question 3.
(a) Three capacitors C₁ = 3 μF, C₁ = 6 μF and C₁= 10 μF are connected to a 50 V battery as shown in the Figure 1 below : [3]

Calculate :
(i) The equivalent capacitance of the circuit between points A and B.
(ii) The charge on C₁
(b) Two resistors R₁ = 60 Ω and R₂ 90 Ω are connected in parallel .If electric power consumed by the resistor R₁ is 15 W, calculate the power consumed by the resistor R₂. [2]
Answer:
a) C₁ = 3 μF1, C₂ = 6 μF, C₃ = 10 μF
If C’ be in equivalent capacitance between C₁ and C₂, then


Question 4.
(a) Figure 2 below shows two resistors R₁ and R₂ connected to a battery having an emf of 40 V and negligible internal resistance. A voltmeter having a resistance of 300 Ω is used to measure potential difference across R₁. Find the reading of the voltmeter. [3]

(b) A moving coil galvanometer has a coil of resistance 59 Ω. It shows a full scale deflection for a current of 50 mA. How will you convert it to an ammeter having a range of 0 to 3A ? [2]
Answer:

Question 5.
(a) In a meter bridge circuit, resistance in the left hand gap is 2 Ω and an unknown resistance X is in the right hand gap as shown in Figure 3 below. The null point is found to be 40 cm from the left end of the wire. What resistance should be connected to X so that the new null point is 50 cm from the left end of the wire ?

b) The horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field at a place is 1/√3 times the vertical component. Determine the angle of dip at that place.
Answer:

Question 6.
(a) Using Ampere’s circuital law, obtain an expression for the magnetic flux density ‘B’ at a point X’at a perpendicular distance ‘r from a long current carrying conductor. (Statement of the law is not required). [3]
(b) PQ is a long straight conductor carrying a current of 3A as shown in Figure 4 below. An electron moves with a velocity of 2 × 10⁷ ms^-1 parallel to it. Find the force acting on the electron.

Answer:


Question 7.
(a) (i) AB and CD are two parallel conductors kept 1 m apart and connected by a resistance R of 6 Ω as shown in Figure 5 below. They are placed in a magnetic field B = 3 × 10^-2 T which is perpendicular to the plane of the conductors and directed into the paper. A wire MN is placed over AB and CD and then made to slide with a velocity 2 ms-l. (Neglect the resistance of AB, CD. and MN). [3]

Calculate the induced current flowing through the resistor R.

(ii) In an ideal transformer, an output of 66 kV is required when an input voltage of 220 V is available. If the primary has 300 turns, how many turns should the secondary have ?
(b) In a series LCR circuit, obtain an expression for the resonant frequency. [2]
Answer:

Section – B
(Answer any three questions)

Question 8.
(a) (i) State any one property which is common to all electromagnetic waves. [3]
(ii) Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in increasing order of their frequencies
(i.e., begin with the lowest frequency) :
Visible light, γ-rays, X-rays, microwaves, radio waves, infrared radiations and ultraviolet radiations.
(b) (i) What is meant by diffraction of light ? [2]
(ii) In Fraunhofer diffraction, what kind of source of light is used and where is it situated?
Answers :
(a) (i) Electromagnetic waves do not deflect in electric and magnetic fields.
(ii) Radio waves < micro waves < infrared < visible light < ultraviolet radiations < X-rays < γ-rays.
(b) (i) When a light ray is obstructed by an object having the size of the order of the wavelength of the ray in its path, light bends from the sharp edge and infers in the region of geometrical shadow. This phenomenon is known as diffraction of light.
(ii) A convex lens is placed in front of a monochromatic light source such that parallel light rays fall on a narrow slit.

Question 9.
(a) In Young’s double slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength 600 nm, 5th bright fringe is at a distance of 0.48 mm from the center of the pattern. If the screen is at a distance of 80 cm from the plane of the two slits, calculate : [3]
(i) Distance between the two slits.
(ii) Fringe width i.e., fringe separation.
(b) (i) State Brewster’s law.
(ii) Find Brewster’s [2]
Answer:

Question 10.
(a) Find critical angle for glass and water pair, given refractive index of glass is 1.62 and that of water is 1.33. [2]
(b) Starting with an expression for refraction at a single spherical surface, obtain Lens Maker’s Formula. [3]
Answers :

Question 11.
(a) A compound microscope consists of two convex lenses of focal length 2 cm and 5 cm. When an object is kept at a distance of 2.1 cm from the objective, a virtual and magnified image is formed 25 cm from the eye piece. Calculate the magnifying power of the microscope. [3]
(b) (i) What is meant by resolving power of a telescope ?
(ii) State any one method of increasing the resolving power of an astronomical telescope. [2]
Answer:

Section – C
(Answer any three questions)

Question 12.
(a) (i) Plot a labelled graph of /V_s/ where V_s is stopping potential versus frequency f of the incident radiation.
(ii) State how will you use this graph to determine the value of Planck’s constant. [3]
(b) (i) Find the de Broglie wavelength of electrons moving with a speed of 7 x 10⁶ ms^-1. [2]
(ii) Describe in brief what is observed when moving electrons are allowed to fall on a thin graphite film and the emergent beam falls on a fluorescent screen.
Answer:

Question 13.
(a) Draw energy level diagram for hydrogen atom, showing first four energy levels corresponding to n = 1, 2, 3 and 4. Show transitions responsible for : [3]
(i) Absorption spectrum of Lyman series.
(ii) Emission spectrum of Balmer series.
(b) (i) Find maximum frequency of X-rays produced by an X-ray tube operating at a tube potential of 66 kV. [2]
(ii) State any one difference between characteristic X-rays and continuous X-rays.
Answer:

(ii) Continuous X-ray consists of all possible wavelength of X-ray with lower wavelength limit whereas characteristic or line X-ray consists of definite wavelength superimposed on continuous X-ray.

Question 14.
(a) Obtain a relation between half life of a radioactive substance and decay constant (λ). [2]
(b) Calculate mass defect and binding energy per nucleon of \(\begin{array}{l}{20} \\ {10}\end{array} \mathrm{Ne}\) , given   [3]
\(\text { Mass of }_{10}^{20} \mathrm{Ne}=19.992397 u\)
\(\text {Mass of }_{1}^{1} H=1.007825 u\)
\(\text {Mass of } \frac{1}{0} n=1.008665 u\)
Answer:



Question 15.
(a) With reference to a semiconductor diode, what is meant by :
(i) Forward bias
(ii) Reverse bias
(iii) Depletion region
(b) Draw a diagram to show how NAND gates can be combined to obtain an OR gate (Truth table is not required).  [2]

Answers:
(a) (i) Forward bias: When a battery’ is connected to a p-n diode such that the current is in the direction of diode current, the arrangement is called forward bias.
(ii) If the current flows opposite to the direction of diode current, this is called reverse bias.
(iii) Depletion Zone : In p-n diode, the region in which electrons and holes neutralize each other is called depletion region or zone.

ISC Class 12 Physics Previous Year Question Papers

ISC English Language Previous Year Question Paper 2017 Solved for Class 12

(Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time.)
Attempt all four questions.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
(You are advised to spend not more than 50 minutes on Question 1, 40 minutes on Question 2, 30 minutes on Question 3 and 1 hour on Question 4.)
(You should begin each answer on a fresh page.)

Question 1.
Write a composition (in approximately 450-500 words) on any one of the following subjects : [30]
(You are reminded that you will be rewarded for orderly and coherent presentation of material, use of appropriate style and general accuracy of spelling, punctuation and grammar.)
(a) Imagine that you visited a remote village untouched by the influence of technology. Describe the village, the people, their routine and at least one person you met there. How did you feel at first? What were your feelings when you had to return?
(b) You were waiting at the ATM booth of Focus Bank, when a white car drew up and four men with masks rushed into the bank. Narrate how an attempted bank robbery was foiled by an alert security guard.
(c) ‘Today’s youth is more practical and less swayed by emotions’. Argue for or against the given statement.
(d) Sacrifice.
(e) ‘It is easier to preach than to practise’. Express your views on the given statement.
(f) Write an original short story beginning with the following words: “Everything went horribly
wrong that evening “ ……………………………..
Answers:
(a) Make use of the hints given below and complete the composition tasks.

Hints :

• in a daydream, visited a remote village, Raiwala
• touch by peace and fresh air
• untouched by technology, no telephone, no internet
• no vehicles, no cars, bikes on muddy lanes
• surrounded by greenery, fields, fruit trees
• people very simple, met Sarpanch Mahinder Singh
• simplicity touched my heart, felt like staying there forever

(b) Hints:

• waiting at ATM booth. Focus Bank, three/four persons
• a white car drew up, four men came out. faces covered
• rushed into the bank, closed main gate, took out their guns
• warned the staff, pointing guns, collected cash from the teller
• security guard, fell down, pretended to haw heartache
• unseen by others, sent message on mobile, police came
• decoits left the cash, ran from the back door, failed to loot the bank

(c) Hints:

• today’s youth, awakened .
• development of science and technology
• youth, more practical, result-oriented perseverance
• approach to problems, pragmatic
• not swayed by emotions, control feelings with reason
• girls too have practical approach, even in love/marriage
• faced with obstacles do not shed tears, try hard and solve them Hints :

(d) Hints:

• spirit of sacrifice, appreciable as a way of life
• parents, elders, make sacrifices for the youngers
• students, sacrifice their games/enjoyments for studies
• sacrifice minor gains for major projects
• sacrifice minor goal for major ones, success will be yours Hints:

(e) Hints:

• an old dictum, as relevant today as it was in the past
• Saint Tulsidas, preachers, endless, few practitioners
• very easy to advise, difficult to put it in practice
• even saints and hermits, failed in the test
• easy to tell tactics to defeat the rival, difficult to wrestle
• should try to put in practice what we preach/advise to others Hints :

(f) Hints:

• everything went horribly wrong that evening
• returning from a marriage party, car broke down
• no workshop close by, left the family, went, brought mechanic
• started, stopped by police, verification of documents
• car registration, missing, rebuked by police officer
• due to tension wife started vomiting, reached home after 1 a.m.

Question 2.
As a reporter you have visited a number of hospitals in your city. Write a newspaper report entitled ‘City’ Hospitals’, based on the following points: [20]

Buildings and infrastructure – maintenance of the hospitals – quality of services – Doctors – nursing staff – waiting period for treatment – emergency’ facilities – other facilities available – medical equipment – overall opinion.
Answer:

City Hospitals

November 25, Nagpur

Directed by the Health Department I visited as many as ten leading hospitals of the city’ last week. Most of the hospitals have double/triple storey buildings with the most modem infra-structure. But the maintenance of the hospitals is not satisfactory. The number of patients in each hospital is more than manageable. As a result of it out-door patients have to wait for hours to see the doctor. The quality of service is very good indeed. The doctors are highly qualified and awakened to their duty. What pinches the patients is the waiting period for treatment. Sometimes the patient is having acute pain or due to extreme old age is not able to wait. The only provision for such cases is that they should pay double fee for seeing the . doctor out of turn. While the rich grab such an opportunity, the poor have to sit in the waiting room for hours. Emergency facilities are available in every hospital. Ambulance service is available to transport patients from any part of the city to the desired place. Almost all the hospitals are fully equipped with modem equipment. The only thing which pinches the patients sometimes is the rudeness of the nurses and the overworked staff. Patients need sympathy sometimes more than even the treatment.

Question 3.
Answer sections (a), (b) and (c).
(a) In each of the following items, sentence A is complete, while sentence B is not. Complete sentence B. making it as similar as possible to sentence A. Write sentence B in each case. (10)
Example :
(0)
(A) : He always obeys his teachers.
(B) : His teachers ………………………….
Answer:
(0) His teachers are always obeyed by him.

(i)
(A) : Not only did he buy a desktop but also a laptop.
(B) : Besides ………………………….

(2)
(A) : The heavy’ showers of rain revived the plants.
(B) : The plants ………………………….

(3)
(A) : The men were forced to work although the light was poor.
(B) : In spite of ………………………….

(4)
(A) : No sooner did we see a flash of light in the sky than explosion near us.
(B) : As soon as ………………………….

(5)
(A) : As she has not brought a pen, she is writing with a pencil.
(B) : Not ………………………….

(6)
(A) : Mumbai is the most vibrant city in India.
(B) : No ………………………….

(7)
(A) : Their dog is too friendly to be an effective guard dog.
(B) : Thcirdogisso ………………………….

(8)
(A) Saincer said, Ramcsh, can you help me with my homework?”
(B) Sarneer ………………………….

(9)
(A) : All nooks and corners were checked.
(B) : No nook or corner ………………………….

(10)
(A) : How long I shall stay is doubtful.
(B) : The ………………………….

(b) Fill in each blank with a suitable word. (Do not write the sentence.) (5)
(1) If we set ____________ early, we can return before sunset.
(2) He left .the company for good and set ____________ his own business.
(3) The teacher jumped ___________ a conclusion and punished the child.
(4) Ramesh jumped ___________ my offer of a job.
(5) 1 am a simple man and have no use ___________ much money.
(6) My father lost the use ___________ his right arm in an accident.
(7) Rahul decided to carry ____________ with tennis and give up ohlev ball.
(8) Dinanath is a good worker and is always ready to carry ____________ his masters orders.
(9) Reena agreed __________ me when I proposed a meeting.
(10) The four sisters could not agree ____________ themselves.

(c) Fill in the blanks in the passage given below with (he appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Do not write the passage. but write the verbs in the correct order. (5)

The other day we _______ (1 )(discuss) the setting up of a Debating Club in our school. We _______ (2)(talk) about the club and how many students _______ (3)(be) interested in u. Then we _______ (4)(begin) to talk about the rules and regulations _______ (5)(govern) the club. None of us could _______ (6) (agree) and we began _________(7)(argue). Fina1l, our English teacher _______ (8)(have) to be informed and she _______ (9)(coine) and ______ (10)(break) up the meeting.
Answers:
(a) (1) Besides buying a desktop he also bought a laptop.
(2) The plants were revived by heavy showers.
(3) In spite of poor light the men were forced to work.
(4) As soon as we saw a flash of light in the sky we heard a loud explosion near us.
(5) Not having brought a pen she is waiting with a pencil.
(6) No other city in India is as vibrant as Mumbai.
(7) Their dog is so friendly that it cannot be an effective guard dog.
(8) Sameer asked Ramesh if he could help him with his homework.
(9) No nook or comer was left unchecked.
(10) The tenure of my stay is doubtful.

(b)
(1) out (2) up (3) to (4) at (5) for (6) of (7) on (8) out (9) with (10) among

(c)
(1) were discussing (2) talked (3) were (4) began (5) governing (6) agree (7) arguing (8) had (9) came (10) broke

Question 4.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions (a), (b) and (c) that follow:
(1) My father and I left the hall and made our way out to walk across to headquarters. There were street lights round the square, but underfoot the cobblestoned ground was dark and lumpy. My father tripped on the uneven surface and went down on one knee, trying not to fall entirely.
(2) At exactly the same moment there was a loud bang and a sharp zinging sound 5 and a scmnch of glass breaking.
(3) I bent over my father and saw that his eyes were stretched w ide and his mouth grim with pain.
(4) ‘’Run/’ he said. ‘ Run for cover. For God’s sake. Ben! That was a gunshot!”
(5) We were halfway across the square, easy immobile targets. He stmggled to get 10 to his feet and told me again to run: and for once I disobeyed him.
(6) ‘’Stay down,” I told him.
(7) “You don’t understand…” His voice was anguished.
(8) “Are you bleeding?”
(9) “What? I don’t think so. I twisted my ankle.” 25
(10) People ran out of the hotel, drawn by the bang that re-echoed around the square. There was confusion and people saying, “What happened, what happened?” and hands stretching down to my father to help him up. When he was well surrounded he finally took my arm. Putting his left foot down caused him much discomfort. 20
(11) “That noise… .” a woman said.
(12) Heads nodded. “It sounded like… Was it… a gun?”
(13) “But where? There’s no one here with a gun.”
(14) Everyone looked round, but it was far too late to see the rifle, let alone the person shooting. My father put his arm round my shoulders for support, and 25 indicated that we should set off.
(15) We walked in a procession to the headquarters and my father called the police.
(16) I went to the open door, looking across the square to the hotel.
(17) I remembered the zing of the bullet. If the bullet had been aimed at my father, and if he’d stumbled at the exact second that the trigger was squeezed, and if 30 the bullet had smashed some glass so that I heard the tinkle, then why was every pane of the window in the headquarters intact ?
(18) I told myself that the whole thing had been a coincidence and turned to go back inside, and saw for an instant a flash of light on broken glass down on the ground. 35
(19) It was a window of the shop next door that had been hit.
(20) Zing. Ricochet. Smash. The straight line could have been deflected by the curve of a cobblestone.
(21) The police arrived at headquarters, and it was nearly two o’clock when I finally closed and bolted the doors and switched off the lights. 40
(22) My father moved him self into one of the single beds in the bedroom. I lay on the second, not at all sleepy.
(23) My father said, “Ben, why didn’t you run?
(24) I answered. “I didn’t want you to get shot.”
(25) “So you stood in the way…” 45
(26) After a while, I said, “I’d say it was a .22 rifle with a high-velocity bullet. Hitting you in the body, it quite likely won’t kill you. You need to hit the head or the neck to be lethal. All I did was shield your head.”
(27) There was a silence. Then he said, “I’d forgotten you could shoot.”
(28) “I was in the school team. We were taught by one of the country’s best 50 marksmen.” I smiled in the dark. “You paid for it, you know .”

Adapted from Penalty by Dick Francis

(a) (i) Given below are four words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage: (4)
(1) unmoving
(2) full of severe pain and agony
(3) complete, not damaged
(4) protect

(ii) For each of the words given below, write a sentence of at least ten words using the same word unchanged in form, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage: (4)
(1) feet (line 11)
(2) square (line 16)
(3) ‘ second (line 29)
(4) head (line 45)

(b) Answer the following questions in your own words as briefly as possible:
(i) What two things happened simultaneously when Ben and his father were walking to the headquarters? [2]
(ii) What did Ben see when he looked at his father on the ground? [2]
(iii) Why did Ben’s father tell him to run and why did Ben disobey him? [2]
(iv) What was Ben’s logical answer to his father explaining why he did not obey him? [4]

(c) Describe the incident of the shooting in not more than 100 words (Paragraphs 1 to 10). Failure to keep within the word limit will be penalised. You will be required to:
(i) List your ideas clearly in point form. (6)
(ii) In about 100 words, write your points in the form of a connected passage. (6)
Answer:
(a) (i)
(1) immobile
(2) anguished
(3) intact
(4) shield

(ii) (1) He gave mc a three feetiong stick to walk.
(2) He has a firm square jaw shining eyes and a pointed nose.
(3) They have a second home in Mumbai where they go during holidays.
(4) it is duty of the head of the organization to lisien to the grievances of workers.

(b) (i) Ben’s father tripped on the uneven surface and at the same time there was a loud bang and a sharp sound.
(ii) Ben saw’ that his fathef s eves were stretched wide and his mouth was grim with pain.
(iii) Hearing the sound of gun shot. Ben’s father asked him to mn. Ben disobeyed his father because he did not want to leave him in danger.
(iv) When Ben’s father asked him why he liad not run, Ben replied that he didn’t want him to get shot.

c. (i)

• Ben and his father – w alking towards headquarters.
• The ground uneven, dark and lumpy.
• His father tripped on uneven path.
• Loud bang and sound of glass breaking.
• sound of gunshot.
• and when asked again, Ben did not run.
• His father told him, he had a twisted ankle.
• People out of the hotel, great confusion.
• Ben helped his father in getting up.
• Father took courage and put his foot down.

(ii) At night Ben and his father were walking towards headquarters. The ground was dark, lumpy and uneven. His father tripped on the uneven path. At the same time there was a loud bang and the sound of grass breaking was heard. His father asked Ben to run as it was sound of gunshot. Ben did not run. His father who had a twisted ankle tried to get to his feet. Ben tried to help him. People came out of the hotel. There was total confusion. When Ben’s father was well-surrounded by people, taking Ben’s arm, he put his foot down.

ISC Class 12 English Language Previous Year Question Papers

ISC English Literature Previous Year Question Paper 2005 Solved for Class 12

Due to change in the present syllabus, the papers from 2018 to 2006 are not given.

Section – A
(Answer one question)
The Tempest—Shakespeare

Question 1.
Choose three of the passages (a) to (d) and answer as briefly as possible the questions that follow-:
(a) Miranda :
You have often
Begun to tell me what I am, but stopp’d
And left me to a bootless inquisition, ’
Concluding, “Stay; not yet.”

Prospero :
The hour’s now come;
The very minute bids thee ope thine ear;
Obey and be attentive…

(i) Where are Prospero and Miranda at this moment? What had Miranda seen, a little while ago, that had moved her emotionally?
(ii) What had Prospero often tried to tell her earlier?
(iii) Which ‘hour’ does Prospero refer to? What does he want Miranda to do now?
(iv) Explain the phrase— “bootless inquisition. ”
(v) What does Prospero ask Miranda immediately after he tells her to be attentive?

(b) Prospero :
I did say so,
When first I raised the tempest Say, my spirit,
How fares the king and’s followers?

Ariel :
Confin ’d together
In the same fashion as you gave in charge.
Just as you left them; all prisoners, sir,
In the line-grove which weather-fends
your cell;

They cannot budge till your release.
(i) Where are Prospero and Ariel? What is Prospero dressed in?
(ii) What does Prospero refer to when he says “I did say so ”? Who is the “king ” referred to by Prospero?
(iii) Comment on Prospero’s use of the expression, “my spirit.”
(iv) Explain: “In the line-grove…your cell”.
(v) What reaction does Ariel expect from Prospero on seeing his prisoners’ condition?
(vi) Mention one quality of Ariel as reflected in this extract.

(c) Ferdinand :
Wherefore weep you?

Miranda :
At mine unworthiness, that dare not offer
What I desire to give, and much less take
What I shall die to want. But this is trifling,
And all the more it seeks to hide itself.
The bigger bulk it shows. Hence, bashful cunning,
And prompt me, plain and holy innocence
l am your wife, if you will marry me;

(i) Where are Ferdinand and Miranda at the present moment? Who is the third person unseen by both of them?
(ii) Why is Miranda crying? What is it that she dared not to offer?
(iii) Explain : “……………. and much less take What I shall die to want.”
(iv) What is “it” referred to in the line “And all the more it seeks to hide …………..”
(v) What does “bashful cunning ” mean? What proposal does Miranda make?
(vi) What will she do if her proposal is rejected?

(d) Sebastian :
Methinks, I do.

Antonio :
And how does your content
Tender your own good fortune?

Sebastian :
I remember
You did supplant your brother Prospero.

Antonio :
True;
And look how well my garments sit upon me,
Much feater than before; my brother’s servants.
Were then my fellows, now they are my men.

(i) Why does Sebastian say, “Methinks, I do ”?
(ii) What does Antonio mean by “And how does….. own good fortune ”?
(iii) What is meant by the term “supplant”? How did Antonio “supplant” his own brother?
(iv) Which “garments” does Antonio refer to? How do they fit him?
(v) Who are the “my men” referred to by Antonio? When were they his “fellows”? Comment on Antonio’s tone in this speech.
(vi) How does Sebastian comment on this speech of Antonio?
Answer:
(a) (i) Prospero and Miranda are on the island at this moment. Miranda has witnessed the scene of ship-wreck which has moved her emotionally.
(ii) Prospero had tried to tell her about the events of their lives that brought them to this remote island, i.e., the story of the government by which he was overthrown and expelled from his dukedom.
(iii) Prospero refers to the maturity that Miranda has attained, i.e., she is now matured enough to understand everything that Prospero is going to narrate at this moment. He wants Miranda to pay total attention to what he is going to state and explain.
(iv) “Bootless inquisition” means an unsuccessful enquiry. Here Miranda wants to say that she has never been satisfied by her father’s answers to her queries about her past.
(v) Immediately after telling her to be attentive, Prospero asks Miranda to recall the time and incidents when she was just a child.

(b)
(i) Prospero and Ariel are at a venture on the island where Prospero’s alchemic experiments are in progress. Prospero is dressed in his magic robe.
(ii) Prospero refers to the moment for which he has been waiting since twelve years. The ‘king’ referred to by Prospero is his treacherous brother Antonio.
(iii) Prospero addresses Ariel as ‘my spirit’. The expression suggests that Prospero is in a pleasant mood and is glad at the performance of Ariel.
(iv) “In the line-grove which weather-fends your cell” means that amongst the dense grove of lime, which protects Prospero’s cell from bad weather. Here Ariel has made captive the enemies of his master Prospero.
(v) Ariel expects that Prospero will have pity on seeing his prisoners’ condition.
(vi) Ariel strictly carried out Prospero’s orders as instructed by him. Therefore, we can say that Ariel was obedient to Prospero.

(c)
(i) At the present moment Ferdinand is labouring as a slave of Prospero on the island and Miranda is there watching him. Prospero is the third person unseen by both of them.
(ii) Miranda is crying to see her love labouring as a log-man and she is quite helpless. She dares not to offer herself to Ferdinand as his wife.
(iii) The given expression shows Miranda’s innocent and selfless love for Ferdinand.
(iv) In the given part of statement ‘it’ is referred to as ‘true love’ which cannot be hidden, because the more you try to hide it the more it is exposed.
(v) “Bashful cunning” means pretence of shyness. By her innocence Miranda proposes about marriage to Ferdinand.
(vi) Miranda will die a virgin if her proposal is rejected.

(d)
(i) By saying “Methinks I do”, Sebastian says that he fully understands what Antonio suggests when he asks, “For your advance-ment! Do you understand me”?
(ii) Antonio meant that Sebastian should be inclined to look favourably on his lucky chance for his advancement.
(iii) By the term ‘supplant’ it is meant that Antonio usurped the dukedom from his brother Prospero. Antonio treacherously took hold of the administration and usurped the dukedom of Milan from Prospero and left him and his three-year-old daughter in a broken boat at the mercy of the sea.
(iv) The garments referred to are the clothes that were provided for the wedding of the King’s daughter Claribel at Tunis. The garments fit him more suitably.
(v) Men who were once the men of Prospero are referred to as “my men” by Antonio. They were his ‘fellows’ when Prospero was the duke of Milan. Antonio’s tone, here, is of self-praise and contentment.
(vi) On Antonio’s saying as above, Sebastian says, “But for your conscience”, which suggests that his tone is sarcastic and satirical.

Section – B
(Answer four questions on at least three textbooks which may include The Tempest OR Saint Joan)
The Tempest—Shakespeare

Question 3.
With close reference to Act I, Scene II describes how Ferdinand is charmed and let to Prospero’s cave and his first meeting with Miranda.

Comment on Prospero’s apparently cruel attitude towards Ferdinand.
Answer:
After the opening scene of the play, the second scene is of great importance and is an integral part of it. Ferdinand is brought on the scene by Ariel. He follows Ariel’s charming song which refers to his drowned father, and thus comes within the view of Prospero and Miranda. Prospero points him out to Miranda. On seeing the handsome young man, Miranda expresses her unfeigned admiration for him. Ferdinand too is charmed by the beauty and grace of the young lady. Prospero is glad to see that they exchange glances.

In this very first meeting with Miranda, Ferdinand is so deeply charmed by the untouched beauty of the maiden that he offers to make Miranda, the Queen of Naples, since Ferdinand is the heir of his father, who, he believes has drowned in the tempest. Prospero, however, wants to be sure about Ferdinand’s claim that he is the King of Naples, and calls him a traitor and spy and bids him to follow. On being insulted to this degree Ferdinand draws his sword, but finds himself unable to lift it.

Miranda, who has fallen in love with Ferdinand at first sight, begs her father not to be hard with him. Prospero discourages her admiration for Ferdinand and sternly bids her to keep her mouth shut. But Miranda declares that she has no ambition to see a ‘goodlier man’. Ferdinand submits to Prospero’s biddings by saying;

“Might I but through my prison once a day Behold this maid. All corners else O ’the ’ earth Let liberty make use of- space enough Have I in such a prison ”

Though Prospero apparently looks very strict while treating Ferdinand, he actually tests the strength of Ferdinand’s love for Miranda, because Prospero is also a father with a tender heart for his daughter, his “Cherubin.”

Question 4.
Though mischievous and playful, Ariel is most sincere in his devotion towards his master Prospero. Discuss.
Answer:
Many a supernatural character has been created by Shakespeare and other playwrights, but Ariel is unmatched. Unlike most supernatural characters, Ariel possesses many human qualities like love for freedom, gratitude, sympathy, desire for praise, dedication to his master and faculty of mischief. When examined deeply, two aspects of his character makes him intriguing. These are his latent faculty of mischief and his sincere devotion towards his master Prospero.

Ariel cannot give full exercise to his faculty of mischief because he is not an independent agent like Shakespeare’s ‘Puck’ in ‘A Midsummer Nights’ Dream’. But Ariel’s playful nature with which he performs those duties enables him to practise his powers upon beings such as Stephano and Trinculo. The scene in which he successfully plants a discard among Stephano, Trinculo and Caliban is full of excellent befooling. The manner in which he gives an account of it to Prospero, shows that he enjoyed the fun of this foolery. There are many instances when Ariel successfully amuses the reader or the audience when the play is read or enacted.

Ariel is an ardent lover of freedom, yet he is bound to Prospero by a feeling of sincere devotion towards him. He performs those tasks and duties punctually and promptly which are imposed upon him by his master. Except for a single occasion, when he shows impatience with Prospero for assigning him so many tasks and postponing his liberation. Throughout the play he shows total devotion to his master Prospero which is very rarely found in supernatural.

Thus, we can say that, Ariel is most sincere in his devotion towards his master though he is quite mischievous and playful, yet he is true and not an exaggeration.

ISC Class 12 English Literature Previous Year Question Papers

ISC Computer Science Previous Year Question Paper 2017 Solved for Class 12

Maximum Marks: 70
Time allowed: 3 hours

• Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper.
• They must NOT start writing during this time.
• Answer all questions in Part-I (compulsory) and six questions from Part-11, choosing two questions from Section-A, two from Section-B and two from Section-C.
• All working, including rough work, should be done on the same sheet as the rest of the answer.
• The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Part – I (20 Marks)
Answer all questions.

While answering questions in this Part, indicate briefly your working and reasoning, wherever required.

Question 1.
(a) State the law represented by the following proposition and prove it with the help of a truth table: P ∨ P = P [1]
(b) State the Principle of Duality. [1]
(c) Find the complement of the follow ing Boolean expression using De Morgan’s law: [1]
F(a, b, c) = (b’ + c) + a
(d) Draw the logic diagram and truth table for a 2 input XNOR gate. [1]
(e) If (~P => Q) then write its: [1]
(i) Inverse
(ii) Converse
Answer:
(a) The law represented by the given proposition is Idempotent law.
Truth Table:

(b) The duality principle states that every algebraic expression deducible from the postulates of Boolean algebra remains valid if the operators and identity elements are interchanged.

(c) ((b’ + c) + a)’
= (b’+c)’. a’
= ((b’)’ . c’) . a’
= bc’a’

(e) (i) Inverse of the given statement
P => ~Q
(ii) Converse of the given statement Q >= ~P

Question 2.
(a) What is an interface? How is it different from a class? [2]
(b) Convert the following infix expression to postfix form: [2]
P * Q/R + (S + T)
(c) AmatrixP[15] [10] is stored with each element requiring 8 bytes of storage. If the base address at P[0] [0] is 1400, determine the address at P[10] [7] when the matrix is stored in Row Major Wise. [2]
(d) (i) What is the worst-case complexity of the following code segment: [2]

for(int x = 1; x<=a; x++)
{
statements;
}
for(int y = 1; y <= b; y++)
{
for (int z = 1; z <= c; z++)
{
statements;
}
}

(ii) How would the complexity change if all the three loops went to N instead of a, b and c?
(e) Differentiate between a constructor and a method of a class. [2]
Answer:
(a) An interface in Java is a blueprint of a class. It has static constants and abstract methods. The interface in java is a mechanism to achieve abstraction. There can be only abstract methods in the Java interface, not the method body. It is used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritances in Java.
It cannot be instantiated just like an abstract class.

A Java Interface is also a virtual construct in the programming world but is contrary to the Java Class, Interface cannot be instantiated or created as an object. An Interface denotes a group of logical entities. It can also act as a contract between two subsystems while communicating with each other.

(b) PQ*R/ST++

(c) Row Major Address Formula: M[i] [j] = B(A) + W[(i – Ir)*column + (j – Ic)]
In the given problem, Address of P[10][[7] is asked.
1400 is base address, column =10, W = 8 bytes, i = 10, j = 7, Ir = 0 and Ic = 0.
Address of P[10] [7]:
= 1400 + 8[(10 – 0)*10 + (7 – 0)]
= 1400 + 8[100 + 7]
= 1400 + 8*107
= 2256

(d) (i) O(a + bc)
(ii) O(n^2)

(e)

Constructor	Method
1. A constructor is used to initialize the state of an object.	1. The method is used to expose the behaviour of an object.
2. The constructor must not have a return type.	2. The method must have a return type.
3. Constructor name must be same as the class name.	3. Method name may or may not be the same as a class name.

Question 3.
The following function magicfun() is a part of some class. What will the function magicfun() return, when the value of n=7 and n=10, respectively? Show the dry run/working: [5]

int magicfun (int n)
{
if(n = = 0)
return 0;
else
return magicfim(n/2) * 10 + (n%2);
}

Answer:
At n = 7 ⇒ 111
At n = 10 ⇒ 1010
Binary equivalent of N

Part – II (50 Marks)

Answer six questions in this part, choosing two questions from Section -A, two from Section – B and two from Section – C.

Section – A
Answer any two questions.

Question 4.
(a) Given the Boolean function F(A, B, C, D) = X (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11).
(i) Reduce the above expression by using 4-variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.eoctal, quads and pairs). [4]
(ii) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their complements are available as inputs. [1]
(b) Given the Boolean function F(P, Q, R, S) = π(0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10).
(i) Reduce the above expression by using the 4-variable Karnaugh map, showing the various groups (i.e., octal, quads and pairs). [4]
(ii) Draw the logic gate diagram for the reduced expression. Assume that the variables and their complements are available as inputs. [1]
Answer:
(a) (i) F(A, B, C, D) = Σ (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11)

= CA’ + A’B + B’C + AB’D’
= A’C + A’B + B’C + AB’D’
(ii) Logic gate diagram:

(b) (i) F(P, Q, R, S) = π (0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10)

= (A + C)(A + D)(B + D)
(ii) Logic gate diagram:

Question 5.
(a) A school intends to select candidates for an Inter-School Essay Competition as per the criteria are given below: [5]
The student has participated in an earlier competition and is very creative.
OR
The student is very creative and has excellent general awareness, but has not participated in any competition earlier.
OR
The student has excellent general awareness and has won a prize in an inter-house competition.
The inputs are:

Inputs
A	participated in a competition earlier
B	is very creative
C	won a prize in an inter-house competition
D	has an excellent general awareness

(In all the above cases 1 indicates yes and 0 indicates no).
Output: X [1 indicates yes, 0 indicates no for all cases]
Draw the truth table for the inputs and outputs given above and write the POS expression for X(A, B, C, D).
(b) State the application of a Half Adder. Draw the truth table and circuit diagram for a Half Adder. [3]
(c) Convert the following Boolean expression into its canonical POS form: [2]
F(A, B, C) = (B + C’).(A’ + B)
Answer:
(a) Truth Table:

The POS expression is,
X(A, B, C, D) = π (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10)

(b) Half adder is a combinational logic circuit with two inputs and two outputs. The half adder circuit is designed to add two single bit binary number A and B. It is the basic building block for the addition of two single-bit numbers. This circuit has two outputs carry and sum.
Truth Table:

(c) X + YZ = (X + Y)(X + Z)
Now A.A’ = 0, Similarly, C.C’ = 0
Therefore, (B + C’) = (B + C’ + A.A’) = (B + C + A) (B + C + A’)
[Treating B + C’ as a single variable]
and(A’ + B) = (A’+B + C.C’) = (A’ + B + C)(A’ + B + C’)
[Treating A’ + B as a single variable]
F(A, B, C) = (B + C’).(A’ + B)
= (B + C’ + A)(B + C’ + A’)(A’ + B + C)(A’ + B + C’)

Question 6.
(a) What is & Multiplexer? How is it different from a decoder? Draw the circuit diagram for a 8 : 1 Multiplexer. [5]
(b) Prove the Boolean expression using Boolean laws. Also, mention the law used at each step.
F = (x’ + z) + [(y’ + z).(x’ + y)]’ = 1 [3]
(c) Define maxterms and mm terms. Find the maxterm and mintenn when: [2]
P = 0, Q = 1, R = 1 and S = 0
Answer:
(a) Multiplexer is a special type of combinational circuit. There are n-data inputs, one output and m select inputs with 2m = n. It is a digital circuit which selects one of the n data inputs and routes it to the output.
The main function of multiplexer basically is to connect information from one point to another point through wires while on the other hand, decoders convert the outputs for several operations such as data collection and calculations.
Multiplexer:

(b) F =(x’ + z) + [(y’ + z).(x’ + y)]’
= x’ + z + (y’ + z)’ + (x’ + y)’
= x’ + z + (y’)’ z’ + (x’)’ y’ [De Morgan’s Law]
= x’ + z + yz’ + xy’ [Double Negation]
= x’ + xy’ + z + yz’ [a + a’b = a + b]
= x’ + y’ + z + y
= x’ + z + y’ + y [Complement Law: a + a’ = 1]
= x’ + z + 1
= 1
(c) A minterm is a product! AND) of all variables taken either in their direct or complemented form. Any Boolean function can be expressed as a sum of its 1-minterms and the inverse of the function can be expressed as a sum of its 0-minterms.
Therefore,
F(list of variables) = Σ (list of 1 -minterm indices)
and F'(list of variables) = Σ (list of 0-minterm indices)
General example: F = Σ(1, 2, 4, 7)
A maxterm is an addition(OR) of all variables taken either in their direct or complemented form. Any Boolean function can be expressed as a product of its 0-max terms and the inverse of the function can be expressed as a product of its 1-max terms.
Therefore, F(list of variables) = π ( list of 0-maxterm indices)
and F'(list of variables) = π (list of 1-maxterm indices)
General example:
F = π(0, 3, 5, 6)
Here, we are given,
P = 0,Q = 1, R = 1 and S = 0
⇒ Minterm = P’QRS’
⇒ Maxterm = (P + Q’ + R’ + S)

Section – B
Answer any two questions.

• Each program should be written in such a way that it clearly depicts the logic of the problem.
• This can be achieved by using mnemonic names and comments in the program.
• Flowcharts and Algorithms are not required.
• The programs must be written in Java.

Question 7.
A class Palin has been defined to check whether a positive number is a Palindrome number or not. [10]
The number ‘N’ is palindrome if the original number and it’s reverse are the same.
Some of the members of the class are given below:
Class name: Palin
Data members/instance variables:
num: integer to store the number
revnum: integer to store the reverse of the number
Methods/Member functions:
Palin(): constructor to initialize data members with legal initial values
void accept(): to accept the number
int reverse(int y): reverses the parameterized argument ‘y’ and stores it in revenue using a recursive technique
void check(): checks whether the number is a Palindrome by invoking the function reverse() and display the result with an appropriate message
Specify the class Palin giving the details of the constructor (), void accept(), int reverse(int) and void check(). Define the main() function to create an object and call the functions accordingly to enable the task.
Answer:

import java.io.*;
class Palin {
int num;
int revnum;
Palin() {
num = 0;
revnum = 0;
}
void accept() throws IOException {
BufferedReader y = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.print("Enter the Number:");
String a = y. readLine();
num = Integer.parselnt(a);
}
int reverse(int y) {
int len = (y + " ").length();
if(len ==1) {
return y;
}
else
{
return(((y%10)* (int) Math.powf 10. len - 1)) + reverse(y /10));
}
}
void check(){
revnum = reverse(num);
if(num == revnum) {
System.out.println("\n Nrnnber is palindrome");
}
else {
System.out.println("\n Number is not palindrome");
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
Palin p = new Palin();
p.accept();
p.check();
}
}

Question 8.
A class Adder has been defined to add any two accepted time. [10]
Example:
Time A – 6 hours 35 minutes
Time B – 7 hours 45 minutes
Their sum is – 14 hours 20 minutes (where 60 minutes = 1 hour)
The details of the members of the class are given below:
Class name: Adder
Data member/instance variable:
a[ ]: integer array to hold two elements (hours and minutes)
Member functions/methods:
Adder (): constructor to assign 0 to the array elements
void readtime (): to enter the elements of the array
void addtime (Adder X, Adder Y): adds the time of the two parameterized objects X and Y and stores the sum in the current calling object
void disptime(): displays the array elements with an appropriate message (i.e., hours= and minutes=)
Specify the class Adder giving details of the constructor( ), void readtime( ), void addtime(Adder, Adder) and void disptime(). Define the main() function to create objects and call the functions accordingly to enable the task.
Answer:

import java.io.*;
class Adder {
inta[];
Adder() {
a = new int[2];
}
void readtime() throws IOException {
InputStreamReader x = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader y = new BufferedReader(x);
System.out.println(":: Time
System.out.println("Enter hour:");
a[0] = Integer.parseInt(y.readLine());
System.out.println("Enter minute :");
a[1] = Integer.parseInt(y.readLine());
}
void addtime(Adder X, Adder Y) {
int hour1 = X.a[0];
int min1 = X.a[1];
int hour2 = Y.a[0];
int min2 = Y.a[1];
int hourSum = hour1 + hour2;
int minSum = min1 + min2;
a[0] = hourSum + (minSum/60):
a[1] = minSum%60;
}
void disptime() {
System.out.println("Their sum is-"):
System.out.println("hours =" + a[0] +" minutes =" + a[1]);
}
public static void main(String args[ ]) throws IOException {
Adder obj 1 = new Adder();
Adder obj2 = new Adder();
Adder sumObj = new Adder();
obj1.readtime();
obj2.readtime();
sumObj.addtime(obj1, obj2);
sumObj.disptime();
}

Question 9.
A class SwapSort has been defined to perform string related operations on a word input. Some of the members of the class are as follows: [10]
Class name: SwapSort
Data members/instance variables:
wrd: to store a word
len: integer to store the length of the word
swapwrd: to store the swapped word
sortwrd: to store the sorted word
Member functions/methods:
SwapSort(): default constructor to initialize data members with legal initial values
void readword(): to accept a word in UPPER CASE
void swapchar(): to interchange/swap the first and last characters of the word in ‘wrd’ and stores the new word in ‘swapwrd’
void sortword(): sorts the characters of the original word in alphabetical order and stores it in ‘sortwrd’
void display(): displays the original word, swapped word and the sorted word
Specify the class SwapSort, giving the details of the constructor(), void readword(), void swapchar(), void sortword() and void display(). Define the main() function to create an object and call the functions accordingly to enable the task.
Answer:

importjava.io.*;
public class SwapSort {
String wrd;
int len;
String swapwrd;
String sortwrd;
SwapSort() {
wrd = " ";
len = 0;
swapwrd = " ";
sortwrd = " ";
}
void readword() throws IOException {
InputStreamReader x = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader y = new BufferedReader(x);
System.out.println("Enterword:");
wrd = y.readLine(). toUpperCase();
}
void swapwrd() {
String w = wrd;
swapwrd = w.charAt(w.length() - 1) + w. substring(1, w.length() - 1) + w.charAt(0);
}
void sortwrd () {
String w = wrd;
char[] charArray = w.toCharArray();
int length = charArray. length;
for(int i = 0; i < length: i++) {
forlint j = i + 1; j < length; j++) {
if(charArray[j] < charArray[i]) {
char temp = charArray[i]:
charArray[i] = charArray[j]:
charArray[j] = temp:
}
}
}
for(char c : charArray) {
sortwrd = sortwrd + c;
}
}
void display() {
System, out.println("Original word :" + wrd):
System.out.println!"Swapped word :" + swapwrd):
System.out.println("Sorted word :" + sortwrd):
}
public static void main(String args[ ]) throws IOException {
SwapSort obj = new SwapSort():
obj.readword();
obj.swapwrd();
obj.sortwrd();
obj.display!);
}
}

Section – C
Answer any two questions.

• Each program should be written in such a way that it clearly depicts the logic of the problem stepwise.
• This can be achieved by using comments in the program and mnemonic names or pseudo-codes for algorithms.
• The programs must be written in Java and the algorithms must be written in general/standard form, wherever required/specified.
• Flowcharts are not required.

Question 10.
A superclass Product has been defined to store the details of a product sold by a wholesaler to a retailer. Define a subclass Sales to compute the total amount paid by the retailer with or without fine along with service tax. [5]
Some of the members of both classes are given below:
Class name: Product
Data members/instance variables:
name: stores the name of the product
code: integer to store the product code
amount: stores the total sale amount of the product (in decimals)
Member functions/methods:
Product (String n, int c, double p): parameterized constructor to assign data members: name = n, code = c and amount = p
void show(): displays the details of the data members
Class name: Sales
Data members/instance variables:
day: stores number of days taken to pay the sale amount
tax: to store the sen ice tax (in decimals)
totamt: to store the total amount (in decimals)
Member functions/methods:
Sales(….): parameterized constructor to assign values to data members of both the classes
void compute(): calculates the service tax @ 12.4% of the actual sale amount
calculates the fine @ 2.5% of the actual sale amount only if the amount paid by the retailer to the wholesaler exceeds 30 days calculates the total amount paid by the retailer as (actual sale amount + service tax + fine)
void show (): displays the data members of the superclass and the total amount
Assume that the superclass Product has been defined. Using the concept of inheritance, specify the class Sales giving the details of the constructor (…), void compute() ) and void show(). The superclass, main function and algorithm need NOT be written.
Answer:

import java.io.*;
class Product
{
String name;
int code;
double amount;
Product(String n, int c, double p) {
name = n;
code = c;
amount = p;
}
void show() {
System.out.println("Name is :"+ name);
System.out.println("Code is :" + code);
System.out.println("Total Sale Amount:" + amount);
}
}
class Sales extends Product {
int day;
double tax;
double totamt;
double fine = 0.0;
Sales(String n, int c, double p, int d) {
super(n, c, p);
day = d;
}
void compute() {
if(day < 30){ tax = 12.4 * amount /100; totamt = amount + tax; } if(day > 30) {
tax= 12.4 * amount /100;
fine = 2.5 * amount /100;
totamt = amount + tax + fine;
}
}
void show () {
show();
System.out.println("Total amount to be paid::"+ totamt);
}
}

Question 11.
A queue is an entity which can hold a maximum of 100 integers. The queue enables the user to add integers from the rear and remove integers from the front. [5]
Define a class Queue with the following details:
Class name: Queue
Data members/instance variables:
Que[]: array to hold the integer elements
size: stores the size of the array
front: to point the index of the front
rear: to point the index of the rear
Member functions:
Queue(int mm): constructor to initialize the data
size = mm, front = 0, rear = 0
void addele(int v): to add integer from the rear if possible else display the message “Overflow”
int delele(): returns elements from front if present, otherwise displays the message “Underflow” and return-9999
void display(): displays the array elements
Specify the class Queue giving details of ONLY the functions void addele(int) and int delete()
Assume that the other functions have been defined.
The main function and algorithm need NOT be written.
Answer:

void addele(int v) {
iffrear == Que.length-1) {
System.out.println("Overflow");
}
else {
Que[rear ++] = v;
}}
int delele() {
if(front == 0){
System.out.println("Underflow");
return-9999;
else {
return Que[front--];
}
}

Question 12.
(a) A linked list is formed from the objects of the class Node. The class structure of the Node is given below: [2]

class Node
{
int num;
Node next;
}

Write an Algorithm OR a Method to count the nodes that contain only odd integers from an existing linked list and returns the count.
The method declaration is as follows :
int CountOdd (Node startPtr)
(b) Answer the following questions from the diagram of a Binary Tree given below:

(i) Write the postorder traversal of the above tree structure. [1]
(ii) State the level numbers of the nodes N and R if the root is at 0 (zero) level. [1]
(iii) List the internal nodes of the right sub-tree. [1]
Answer:

(a) int countOddNodes(Node myNode){
int count = 0
while(myNode.next != null) {
if(myNode.num%2 = = 0) {
count ++;
}
myNode= myNode.next;
}
return count;
}

(b) (i) Postorder traversal: W → F → Y → N →R → Z → D → G → M
(ii) N is at lever 1 and R is at level 3
(in) Internal nodes in right subtree = G. Z.

ISC Class 12 Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers

ISC English Language Previous Year Question Paper 2016 Solved for Class 12

(Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper They must NOT start writing during this time.)
Attempt all four questions.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [].
(You are advised to spend not more than 50 minutes on Question 1, 40 minutes on Question 2, 30 minutes on Question 3 and 1 hour on Question 4.)
(You should begin each answer on a fresh page.)

Question 1.
Write a composition (in approximately 450-500 words) on any one of the following subjects : (You are reminded that you will be rewarded for orderly and coherent presentation of material, use of appropriate style and general accuracy of spelling, punctuation and grammar.) [30]
(а) Describe any three important lessons that you have learnt through the course of your life. How did you learn these lessons and why do you think they are so important.
(b) Relate how the reading of literature has enriched and refined you.
(c) ‘Every cloud has a silver lining.
Express your views on the above statement.
(d) Deception.
(e) Argue for or against the statement: ‘We live in deeds and not in years.’
(f) Write an original short story’ beginning with the following words :
‘The voice was familiar but I could not recognise the face ………………………… ’
Answers:
(a) Hints

• an important lesson I have learnt is : ‘honesty pays in the long run’
• refused to copy in the exam, got less marks but inner satisfaction
• have learnt to be helpful to others
• observed some social workers saving the lives of people stranded in floods
• have learnt to respect time
• once failed because wasted a lot of time

(b) Hints

• good literature a great source of learning and refinement
• has provided deep understanding of human nature
• has made me observ ant and introspective
• has learnt to be polite and respectful
• has enabled me to cope with all kinds of disharmony in life

(c) Hints

• means that there is always a ray of hope
• problems and hurdles bound to come
• no need of thinking that circumstances will not change
• men of strong will and determination remain hopeful
• an optimistic attitude – a must to tide over all storms in life

(d) Hints

• means to make somebody believe that is not true
• has become a way of life with modern-day man
• politicians and businessmen depend upon deceit to achieve material success
• a human weakness in all times
• success by deceit not permanent
• does not give inner peace of mind

(e) Hints
For:

• our achievements and noble deeds perpetuate us
• longevity of little or no significance
• many great persons died young
• actions done in the service of humanity – the best
• a lily of a day remembered because it spreads fragrance all around, and not an oak tree that gives nothing, though lives for hundred years

(f) Hints

• remained speechless and thoughtful for some time
• the man helped me he was my friend Ram Kumar
• now a totally changed person, with beard, moustache, robust physique
• remembered school days
• Mohit said he was a captain in the army, wanted some money
• the moment he left, a group of policemen knocked at my door
• stunned – Mohit was a robber, a proclaimed olfender

Question 2. [20]
Imagine that you are the Head Boy/Head Girl of ABC Public School. You have to deliver a speech at the Farewell Party organized by your juniors. Prepare a suitable speech for the occasion using the notes given below :

Years spent – early memories – association with juniors – skills acquired – values learnt – memorable moment – gratitude to teachers – message for juniors – future plans – thanks giving.
Answer:
Respected Principal, worthy teachers and dear friends ! Good afternoon.

I am overwhelmed. I don’t know where to begin. It is difficult to imagine that I will not be coming to the school as usual after a few days. Looking back, I find the time spent here with you all was a golden period of my life, ft is here that I learnt hard lessons of life. It is here that I learnt how not to go after short-lived success. It is here that I learnt the value of time. The images of coming to school with satchel in the school bus. eating lunch in the company of friends sitting on the steps of the playground, rehearsing for the cultural show, playing badminton in the ‘ evening, gossiping with friends in the canteen – all these are before the eyes of my mind.

Friends ! My great moment in the school was my being elected as the Head Girl of my school. The party hosted by my friends is still fresh in my mind. As a Head Girl, I had to work with my peers and juniors alike. I am thankful to all of them for extending whole-hearted cooperation to me. The love and respect given to me by my juniors was really overwhelming.

I am grateful to my teachers for everything I have achiev ed in my life. They were all nice to us. They were fully involved in our progress and growth, ft was from them that we imbibed great virtues and values of life. Two things I would mention here ! I learnt from my teachers that one must be honest and hardworking, and that one must respect time for success and happiness in life.

At this point I would exhort my juniors present here to learn to be respectful to your teachers, parents and all elderly persons, and be helpful and cooperative with one another God bless you all.

I am quite hopeful of becoming a good doctor and a good citizen in life. I’ll continue to seek your blessings, love and affection from all of you.

Thank you very much.

Question3. [10]
Answer sections (a), (b) and (c).
(a) In each of the following items, sentence A is complete, while sentence B is not. Complete sentence B, making it as similar as possible to sentence A. Write sentence B in each case.
Example:
(0)
(A) : No sooner had the match finished than it began to rain.
(B) : Hardly ………………………………..
Answer:
(0) Hardly had the match finished when it began to rain.

(1)
(A) : If he does not run fast, he will lose the race.
(B) : Unless ………………………………..

(2)
(A) : Nobody knew much about his plans for the future.
(B) : Little ………………………………..

(3)
(A) : On seeing the rat, she shrieked.
(B) : As soon as ………………………………..

(4)
(A) : You must never tell a lie.
(B) : Under no circumstances ………………………………..

(5)
(A) : The boss said, ”What an extraordinary success!”
(B) : The boss exclaimed ………………………………..

(6)
(A) : It is too cold for me to step out without a shawl.
(B) : It is so ………………………………..

(7)
(A) : I play both tennis and squash.
(B) : Not only ………………………………..

(8)
(A) : The school team lost the cricket match although the captain scored a century.
(B) : Despite the fact ………………………………..

(9)
(A) : Charles Dickens is the most interesting writer.
(B) : No other ………………………………..

(10)
(A) : They had to shut down the computers before leaving the office.
(B) : The computers ………………………………..

(b) Fill in each blank with a suitable word. (Do not write the sentence.) [5]
(1) After the argument, his friends turned ___________ him.
(2) Ramesh turned ___________ his father for help.
(3) The Headmaster will look ___________ the cheating case.
(4) I look ___________ to my grandfather for what he has achieved.
(5) She takes ___________ her mother; she has her lovely green eyes.
(6) Ramesh has taken ___________ computers like a duck to water.
(7) Will you entrust him ___________ that message’?
(8) He is dishonest; you must not entrust any important job ___________ him.
(9) Do not put ___________ till tomorrow what you can do today.
(10) I put ___________ at my friend’s house for the night.

(c) Fill in the blanks in the passage given below with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Do not write the passage, but write the verbs in the correct order. [5]

I ___________ (1) (realise) that I ___________ (2) (know ) one of the two men by sight, and I ___________ (3) (spend) a few seconds thinking why he ___________ (4) (seek) me out on a Sunday afternoon. During this pause, three small boys ___________ (5) (walk) up the passage from the house behind me, ___________ (6) (thread) away around me and the two men outside, and silently ___________ ___________ (7) (climb) like catsup into a tree in the middle of the lawn outside. There, the three figures ___________ (8) (rest), ___________ (9) (become) immobile, ___________ (10) (lie) on their stomachs, deep in a secret game.
Answers:
(a) (1) Unless he runs fast, he will lose the race.
(2) Little did anybody know about his plans for the future.
(3) As soon as she saw the rat, she shrieked.
(4) Under no circumstances must you tell a lie.
(5) The boss exclaimed that it was an extraordinary success.
(6) It is so cold that I cannot step out without a shawl.
(7) Not only do I play tennis but squash also.
(8) Despite the fact that the captain scored a century, the school team lost the cricket match.
(9) No other writer is as interesting as Charles Dickens.
(10) The computers had to be shut down by them before tearing the office.

(b)
(1) against (2) to (3) into (4) up (5) after (6) to (7) with (8) to (9) off (10) up

(c)
(1) realised (2) knew (3) spent (4) sought (5) walked (6) threading (7) climbed (8) rested (9) became (10) lying

Question 4.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions (a), (b) and (c) that follow:

(1) Inside the cockpit of the World War II Mosquito plane, I could make out. against the light of the moon, the muffled head of its pilot and the twin circles of his goggles as he looked out of the side window towards me. Carefully he raised his right hand till I could see it in the window, fingers straight, palm downwards. He jabbed the fingers forward and down, meaning that we were going to descend and that I should follow 5 him

(2) I nodded and quickly brought up my own left hand so he could see it, first pointing forwards to my own control panel with one forefinger, and then holding up my five spread fingers. Finally I drew my hand across my throat. By common agreement this sign meant that I had only five minutes fuel left, and then my engine would cut out. I io saw the muffled, goggled, oxygen-masked head nod in understanding, and then we were heading downwards towards the sheet of fog.

(3) My plane stopped trembling and plunged ahead of the Mosquito. I pulled back on the throttle, hearing the engine die to a low whistle, and the other pilot was back beside me. We were diving straight towards the shrouded land. I glanced at my altimeter : two 15 thousand feet, still diving.

(4) He pulled out at three hundred feet. The fog was still below us. Probably the fog bank was only from the ground to two hundred feet up, but that was more than enough to prevent a plane from landing without guidance. I could imagine the stream of instructions coming from the radar hut into the earphones of the man flying beside me, eighty feet away. I kept my eyes on him, following as closely as possible, afraid of losing sight for an instant, watching for his every hand-signal. Two minutes later he held up his clenched left fist in the window, then opened the fist to splay all five fingers against the glass, indicating that I should lower the undercarriage. I moved the lever downwards and felt the dull thunk as all three wheels went down, happily powered by hydraulic pressure 25 and not dependent on the failed electrical system.

(5) The pilot of the shepherd aircraft pointed down again, for another descent. I managed to flick a glance at my fuel gauge: it was on zero, flickering feebly. For God’s sake, hurry up, I prayed, for if my fuel failed me now there would be no time to climb to the minimum five hundred feet needed for bailing out. A jet fighter at one hundred feet 30 without an engine is a death-trap with no chances forsurvival.

(6) For two or three minutes he seemed content to hold his position, while the sweat broke out behind my neck and began to run in streams down my back, sticking the light nylon flying suit to my skin.

(7) Quite suddenly he straightened out, so fast I almost lost him. I caught him a second later and saw his left hand flash the dive signal to me. Then he dipped towards the fog bank, I followed, and we were in it, a shallow, flat descent, but a descent nevertheless, and from a mere hundred feet, towards nothing.

Adapted from The Shepherd by Fredrick Forsyth

(a) (i) Given below are four words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage: [4]
(1) go down
(2) covered
(3) instrument
(4) satisfied

(ii) For each of the words given below, write a sentence of at least ten words using the same word unchanged in form, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage :
(1) palm (line 4)
(2) land (line 15)
(3) stream (line 19)
(4) bank (line 37)

(b) Answer the following questions in your own words as briefly as possible :
(i) What was the first instruction of the pilot of the Mosquito plane? [2]
(ii) What was the narrator’s reply? [3]
(iii) How did the other pilot let the narrator know that the wheels had to be lowered? [2]
(iv) Why did the narrator begin to pray towards the end? [3]

(c) Describe how the pilot of the Mosquito aircraft guided the narrator to land, in not more than 100 words (Paragraphs 3 to 7). Failure to keep within the word limit will be penalised. You will be required to :
(i) List your ideas clearly in point form. [6]
(ii) In about 100 words, write your points in the form of a connected passage.

(a)
(i)
(1) descend
(2) shrouded
(3) altimeter
(4) content

(ii)
(1) palm : You have to grease the palni of the concerned official to get your work done.
(2) land : The aeroplane had to force land as the fuel was running out.
(3) stream : The stream flowed in a zigzag way cutting its own banks at many places.
(4) bank : We can bank upon a person who is honest, industrious and God fearing.

(b) (i) The pilot of the Mosquito plane asked the narrator to follow him as they were going to descend.
(ii) The narrator nodded in agreement. With his finger gestures he indicated that he had only five minutes fuel left.
(in) The other pilot held up his clenched left fist in the window, then opened the fist to spread out all five fingers against the glass, indicating that the narrator should lower the wheels.
(iv) The narrator began to pray to God as the fuel had almost run out and he feared that there would be no time to climb to the minimum five hundred feet for bailing out in the absence of the fuel.

(c) (i) Main Points :

• the two planes diving straight towards the shrouded land
• the other pilot pulled at three hundred feet
• his instruction to lower the undercarriage
• hydraulic pressure applied by the narrator
• fuel gauge indicating zero
• the other pilot suddenly straightened out
• the narrator first lost to himself, but followed the dive signal to the fog bank.

(ii) The pilot of the Mosquito aircraft guided the narrator to land with his gestures. He first pulled at three hundred feet and instructed the narrator to lower the undercarriage, which he did by using hydraulic pressure. The fuel gauge indicating zero caused nervousness to the narrator. The other pilot was satisfied with his action. When he suddenly straighted, the narrator first got lost but followed the dive signal at once to the fog bank. It was a flat descent from a mere hundred feet to the fog bank.

ISC Class 12 English Language Previous Year Question Papers

ISC English Language Previous Year Question Paper 2015 Solved for Class 12

(Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper. They must NOT start writing during this time).
Attempt all four questions.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [].
(You are advised to spend not more than 50 minutes on Question 1, 40 minutes on Question 2, 30 minutes on Question 3 and 1 hour on Question 4.)
(You should begin each answer on a fresh page.)

Question 1.
Write a composition (in approximately 450-500 words) on any one of the following subjects: [30]
(You are reminded that you will be rewarded for orderly and coherent presentation of material, use of appropriate style and general accuracy of spelling, punctuation and grammar.)
(a) Courage does not mean the absence of fear, but implies an attempt to conquer fear. Describe some of your worst fears and how you managed to overcome them.
(b) Grandparents are a source of joy to us. Narrate the most memorable experience you have had with your grandparents.
(c) ‘Films should be made to escape from reality, not to remind us of how grim life is.’ Argue for or against this statement.
(d) How far do you agree that nice people are seldom successful and thoroughly successful people are seldom nice ?
(e) Eyes.
(f) Write an original story beginning with the following words :
‘The news came as a pleasant surprise’ ………………………… ”
Answers:
(a) Develop the following value points and complete the essay.

• courage, an attempt to conquer fear
• swimming, my most dreaded fear
• encouraged by my father, started learning swimming
• much difficulty in the beginning, but finally learnt swimming
• fear of dogs
• would run away from the mere sight of a dog
• father had an idea, bought a small dog as a pet
• slowly overcame this fear too
• fear of going into the darkness alone
• is now under control

(b) Develop the following value points and complete the essay.

• grandparents, a source of joy to us
• live in a village
• visited them during last summer vacation
• was received with great warmth
• grandmother prepared many dishes of my liking
• grandfather took me to the round of the village
• a novel and pleasant experience
• was given a beautiful pen as a parting gift

(c) Develop the following value points and complete the essay.

• reality grim, no doubt
• good films connect us with reality
• films that make us escape from reality usually worthless
• derive aesthetic pleasure from watching real tragic scenes
• all great movies like ‘Pather Panchali’, ‘Do Bigha Zamin’, ‘Mother India’ show us reality
• of course, some well-made ‘escapist’ movies quite entertaining
• most of Yash Raj movies escapist but still watchable

(d) Develop the following value points and complete the essay.

• agree with the statement
• nice people humble, unassuming, sincere, honest
• in our world aggressiveness, insincerity, falsehood, corruption, hypocrisy needed for success
• hence nice people seldom successful
• successful people—people in power—often rude, boorish and aggressive
• success makes them haughty
• so successful people seldom nice

(e) Develop the following value points and complete the essay.

• eyes, important organs on the face
• blind man knows the value of eyes
• eyes reflect man’s physical as well as mental health
• reflect various emotions — of love, anger, surprise, sorrow, etc.
• eyes of the beloved — the most talked of bodily part for its beauty and mystery by writers, poets
• depicted beautifully in various arts
• saints and philosophers also talk of ‘inner eye’ or even ‘third eye’ (as on the brow of Lord Shiva)

(f) Develop the following value points and complete the essay.

• the news came as a pleasant surprise
• father had been promoted as a General Manager
• atmosphere of celebrations
• a grand party- arranged
• two days later a fax message came
• the news of promotion false
• father almost in tears, mother cried, all were sad
• another message came — the news correct
• this time father rang up the CEO to confirm
• the news of his promotion true

Question 2.
Write an article for your school magazine on a competition that was recently held in your school. Write the article in about 300 words using the points given below :

Name of the competition – nature of event – organisers – number of participants – chief guest – judges – quality of the competition – criteria for judgement – winners – overall experience. [20]
Answer:

Talent Finding Competition

With a view to encouraging the students to shed their shyness and display their hidden talents, a ‘Talent Finding competition’ was held in the school auditorium on the 16th of May. 20…… It was organised by the Department of Extra Mural Activities. The Principal of the school Sh. B.N. Sharma inaugurated the function. In his inaugural speech, he laid stress on holding such functions as they present the students an opportunity to display their skill and special Attainments. The Dean of EMA, Sh. N.K. Gupta announced the names of the judges for the competition and requested them to take their seats. He also mentioned in his brief speech that the standard of performance in all the items was excellent. As many as twenty-six students who had already given their names to the secretary of EMA department participated in the competition.

One by one the participants came on the stage and presented such items as mono-acting, classical dance, instrumental music, ghazal singing, mime and classical singing. Some of the participants performed so well that the spectators were spellbound. At the end of the contest, the judges announced the judgment. Sunita, who had performed classical dance, was adjudged the best performer. Harbhajan, who had played a song on the guitar was considered the second-best performer. Sahil, who had sung a light-classical bhajan, was adjudged the third-best performer. All three were honoured by the Principal. The Principal complimented all the participants for their performance and said a word of encouragement to those who could not be adjudged the best performers. He also praised the EMA department for organising such a decent function;

Question 3.
Answer sections (a), (b) and (c).
(a) In each of the following items, sentence A is complete, while sentence B is not. Complete sentence B, making it as similar as possible to sentence A. [10]
Write sentence B in each case.
Example :
(0)
(A) : If you want to earn well, you must work hard.
(B) : To earn ……………………………….
Answer:
(0) To earn well, you must work hard.

(1)
(A) : Sachin is an outstanding sportsman and a good artist.
(B) : Besides ……………………………….

(2)
(A) : Mother said to Paul, “A courier came for you yesterday.”
(B) : Mother told Paul that ……………………………….

(3)
(A) : As soon as the minister took the oath, the spectators started applauding.
(B) : No sooner ……………………………….

(4)
(A) : He is so short that he cannot be a soldier.
(B) : He is too ……………………………….

(5)
(A) : The lawyer examined the documents with utmost care.
(B) : The documents ……………………………….

(6)
(A) : I will buy the horse if it is quite sound.
(B) : Unless ……………………………….

(7)
(A) : Only Shakespeare could write such a tragedy.
(B) : No one ……………………………….

(8)
(A) : Rita is a journalist and writer.
(B) : Not only ……………………………….

(9)
(A) : Although Lakshmi worked very hard, she failed in the examination.
(B) : Notwithstanding Lakshmi’s ……………………………….

(10)
(A) : No one would deny that he was totally fit before his death.
(B) : Everyone ……………………………….

(b) Fill in each blank with a suitable word. (Do not write the sentence). [5]
1. Do you want to __________ take every single object from the box?
2. The plane must take __________ before dark.
3. The children spoke __________ a whisper as they were scared.
4. We must not speak ill about a person __________ his back.
5. He disliked the play so much that he walked __________ in the middle of the first act.
6. Walking barefoot __________ the grass is very good for health.
7. This rule does not apply you as __________ you are less than eighteen years old.
8. You must apply __________ the job immediately.
9. They have been living in Delhi __________ ten years.
10. Mrs. Kapur has been living in Chennai __________ 2000.

(c) Fill in the blanks in the passage given below with the appropriate form of the verb given in brackets. Do not write the passage, but write the verbs in the correct order. [5]

Two carpenters ………………………………. (1) (work) on Mr. Sharma’s roof. When they ………………………………. (2) (stop) work at 6 p.m., they ………………………………. (3) (leave) their ladder ………………………………. (4) (lean) against the house. At 7 p.m., Raju, a thief, passed by the house and ………………………………. (5) (see) the ladder. The house ………………………………. (6) (be) now empty as Mr. and Mrs. Sharma ………………………………. (7) (go) to the market. Raju ………………………………. (8) (climb) up the ladder, ………………………………. (9) (get) in through a first-floor window, and ………………………………. (10) (go) straight to the main bedroom where he stole all of Mrs. Sharma’s jewelry.
Answers:
(a) 1. Besides being an outstanding sportsman Sachin is a good artist.
2. Mother told Paul that a courier had come for him the previous day.
3. No sooner did the minister take the oath than the spectators started applauding.
4. He is too short to be a soldier.
5. The documents were examined by the lawyer with utmost care.
6. Unless the horse is quite sound I will not buy it.
7. No one but Shakespeare could write such a tragedy.
8. Not only is Rita a journalist but she is also a writer.
9. Notwithstanding Lakshmi’s working hard, she failed in the examination.
10. Everyone would agree that he was totally fit before his death.

(b)
(1) away (2) off (3) in (4) behind (5) out (6) on (7) to (8) for (9) for (10) since

(c)
(1) were working (2) stopped (3) left (4) leaning (5) saw (6) was (7) had gone (8) climbed (9) got (10) went

Question 4.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions (a), (b) and (c) that follow : [30]
(1) To be encumbered with a corpse is to be in a difficult position. True, any doctor, even one just out of medical school, would have been able to diagnose the cause of death. The man had died of heart failure or what the doctors call cardiac arrest. The cause of his heart having stopped pumping blood was that someone had slid a sharp sliver of steel between his ribs just far enough to penetrate the great muscle of the heart and to cause a serious and irreversible leakage of blood so that it stopped beating. Cardiac arrest, as I said.

(2) I wasn’t too anxious to find a doctor because the knife was mine and the hilt had been in my hand when he died. I stood on the open road with the body at my feet and I was scared, so scared that the nausea rose in my throat to choke me. This particular body had been a stranger — I had never seen him before in my life.

(3) I was unarmed, if you except the ‘sgian dubh’ — the black knife — which I always carry.
The ‘sgian dubh’ is a much underrated weapon. Mine is at least a hundred and fifty years old. The ebony handle is ribbed on one side to give a good grip,’ but smooth on the other side so it draws clear without catching; the blade is less than four inches long; the stone set in the handle balances the knife so that it makes a superlative throwing weapon. I carry it in a flat sheath in my left sock.

(4) This is how it had happened.

(5) A little after I had driven out of the city, I saw a car ahead, pulled off the road, and a man waving the universally recognized distress signal of the stranded motorist. It turned out. quite naturally, that there was something wrong with his car and he couldn’t get it to move. I got out, walked over to his car and peered at the exposed engine.

(6) He didn’t use the gun straight away. He first tried to take a swipe at me with a well- designed little club. I turned my head and saw his upraised arm and dodged sideways. If the club had connected with my skull it would have jarred my brains loose, instead it hit my shoulder and my whole arm went numb.

(7) I hopped back and groped for the ‘sgian dubh’ as I went. Fortunately it’s a left-handed weapon which was just as well because my right arm wasn’t going to be of any use.

(8) He came for me again but when he saw the knife he hesitated. He dropped the club and dipped his hand beneath his jacket and it was my turn to hesitate. But his club had a leather wrist loop and the dangling weapon spoilt his draw and I jumped him just as the pistol came out.

(9) I didn’t stab him. He swung around and ran straight into the blade. He sagged against me with a look of surprise on his face. Then he went down at my feet and the knife came free.

(10) So there I was on a lonely road with a newly created corpse at my feet and a knife in my hand, a bad taste in my mouth and a frozen brain.

(11) From the time I had got out of my car to the moment of death had been less than two minutes.

Adapted from Running Blind by Desmond Bagley

(a) (i) Given below are four words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage : [4]
(1) burdened
(2) enter
(3) not given much importance
(4) most effective

(a) For each of the words given below, write a sentence of at least ten words using the same word unchanged in form, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage : [4]
(1) arrest (line 3)
(2) draws (line 14)
(3) set (line 15)
(4) club (line 23)

(b) Answer the following questions in your own words as briefly as possible :
(i) How did the stranger die? [3]
(ii) Why was the narrator scared? [2]
(iii) Describe the narrator’s weapon. [3]
(iv) Why did the narrator stop his car and get out? [2]

(c) Describe the incident of the killing of the stranger in not more than 100 words (Paragraphs 5 to 9). Failure to keep within the word limit will be penalised. You will be required to:
(z) List your ideas clearly in point form. [6]
00 In about 100 words, write your points in the form of a connected passage. [6]
Answers:
(a) (i)
(1) encumbered
(2) penetrate
(3) underrated
(4) superlative

(ii)
(1) arrest : The police succeeded in arresting most of the persons indulging in drug trade.
(2) draws: Superstar Arnitabh Bachhan is decidedly one of the biggest draws at the film award shows.
(3) set : The fabulous set for the shooting of the historical film suddenly caught fire.
(4) club : On weekends we go together to have our dinner at the Gymkhana club.

(b) (i) The stranger died of cardiac arrest soon after he had been hit with a steel knife that the narrator uscd to defend himself from the stranger ‘s assault.

(ii) The narrator was scared as the dead body of the stranger who had been killed by him with a knife, was still ai his feet on the open road.

(iii) The narrmtors weapon was a black knife, which he called ‘sgian dub, a much underrated weapon. It had the ebony handle ribbed on one side to give a good grip. It was smooth on the other side. The blade was less than four inches long. The stone set in the handle balanced the knife so that it made an excellent throwing weapon. It was a left handed weapon.

(iv) The narrator stopped his car and got out on seeing a man near his car, giving a signal of distress as there was something wrong with the car.

(c) (1) Points
A. The narrator sees a car
(i) coming out of the city. a car seen
(ii) signal of distress given by the car driver
(iii) narrator peers at the exposed engine

B. The narrator attacked
(i) gun not used straight awa
(ii) narrator hit with a little club
(iii) dodging by the narrator
(iv) hit on the shoulder and went numb

C. The narrator using his knife
(i) narrator groping for his ‘sgian dubh’
(ii) a left handed weapon
(iii) the stranger’s hesitation on seeing knife
(iv) the stranger getting at his pistol

D. The narrator’s final stroke
(i) didn’t stab the stranger
(ii) the stranger swung round
(iii) running straight into the blade
(iv) fell down sagging
(v) knife came out

(ii) As the narrator drove out of the city, he saw a car ahead and a man waving a signal of distress as something was wrong with his car. But no sooner did the narrator approach him than he was attacked with a short club which hit him on his shoulder. The narrator groped for his knife at which the stranger hesitated. But before the stranger could execute his plan of shooting the narrator with the pistol, the former swung round and ran straight into the blade. He sagged down against the narrator and was no more, as the narrator drew out the knife.

ISC Class 12 English Language Previous Year Question Papers