ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank Chapter 13 Manufacturing Industries in India 1: Agro-based

ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank Chapter 13 Manufacturing Industries in India 1: Agro-based

Questions Based on Manufacturing Industries in India – I

I. Give the difference between the following:

Question 1.
Mineral-based, Agro-based and Forest-based industries.
Answer:
Mineral-based
The industry using minerals as raw materials is mineral-based industry, e.g. Metallurgy.
Agro-based
This industry uses agricultural raw materials e.g. cotton textiles, sugar industry etc.
Forest-based
This industry uses forest-products e.g. Resin and Turpentine Industry and Lac Industry, Paper Industry.

Question 2.
Large-scale and Small-scale Industries.
Answer:

Small-scale Industries	Large-scale Industries
(i) Small-scale Industries require a small investment of capital.	Large-scale Industries require a huge investment of capital.
(ii) They provide ancillary products for large-scale industries.	They produce goods for the market.
(iii) The employ less labour.	The employ a large number of labours.

Question 3.
Heavy and Light industries.
Answer:
Heavy-Industry-This industry uses heavy raw materials e.g. Iron and steel, heavy machinery industries.
Light-Industry-This industry uses light raw materials e.g. woollens and medicines industries.

Question 4.
Basic and Secondary industries.
Answer:
Basic-Industry
This industry gives birth to any other industry, e.g. iron and steel industry provides machinery, tools and machine and automobile parts to motivate any other type of industry.

Secondary-Industry
The industry which produces consumer goods is called secondary industry. It has a large variety of goods from daily to industrial uses.

Question 5.
Public Sector and Private Sector industries.
Answer:
Public-Sector
This industry is run with the Govt, capital e.g. Iron and Steel Plant at Bhilai.
Private-Sector
This industry is run by private individuals e.g. Sports Goods industry at Jalandhar.
Joint-Sector
This industry is run by state and central capitals e.g. Oil India Ltd.
Cooperative-Sector
This is run by a group of people as a combined venture e.g. Cooperative Dairy Plants.

II. Give geographical reasons for each of the following:

Question 1.
Small-scale industries are important in India.
Answer:
Small-scale industries are important in India as they employs more than 30 million people, i. e., a considerable potentials of the general population have been employed in the sector.

Question 2.
It is necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hours of harvesting.
Answer:
It is necessary to crush sugar cane within 24 hours of harvesting because the sucrose content of the sugar can start decreasing.

Question 3.
India produces very little cane-sugar though it is one of the largest producers of sugar-cane in the world.
Answer:
The quality of the cane is thin with little sugar content, making the production of cane sugar only five percent of the world.

Question 4.
Sericulture flourished in Karnataka.
Answer:
Sericulture flourished in Karnataka:

• It has favourable climate for rearing silk worms.
• Abundant soft water, free from alkaline salt and iron is available.

Question 5.
Kolkata is an important cotton manufacturing centre even though West Bengal is not a leading producer of cotton.
Answer:

• Because Kolkata has a humid climate which helps in weaving.
• Water, coal and cheap labour are available.

Question 6.
The jute industry in India is mainly located in the Hooghly Basin in West Bengal.
Answer:
Jute industry is mainly located in the Hooghly basin of West Bengal due to nearness of jute growing area, fresh and fast flown water of Hooghly is good for washing jute fibre, railway, transport and trade facility via Kolkata. The oldest jute mill was opened at Rishra in 1856 by Britishers. Now there are 100 mills on the both sides of Hooghly like the pearls around a thread.

Question 7.
The woollen industry is a localized industry in India.
Answer:
The woollen industry is a localized industry because of following reasons:

• Indian woollen goods are considered to be of low quality in the international markets which results in lack of demand.
• The woollen mills are scattered all over the country. Mumbai, Kanpur, Srinagar and Bengaluru are far from one another. So the mill owners are unable to work jointly for its improvement.
• Being a tropical country woolen clothes are required only during winter months in Northern India.

Question 8.
Punjab is the leading state in the manufacture of woollen goods.
Answer:
Punjab is leading state in manufacturing woollen goods due to the availability of raw material, traditional woollens, cold temperate climate for demands of woollens large amount of woollens are also exported from Ludhiana.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by ‘agro-industry’? Name the leading agro -industry in India.
Answer:
The industry in which goods are manufactured by utilising agricultural products as raw materials is known as ‘agro-industry’. The leading agro-industry in India are-Cotton textile, jute, paper tea and coffee industries.

Question 2.
Classify industries on the basis of the nature of products. Give one example of each.
Answer:
On the basis of nature of products, industries can be classified as:
(a) Heavy industries –
These industries produce capital goods and consumer durables which are quite bulky and are therefore, known as heavy industries. Example: Machine tool industry.
(b)Light Industries –
These industries produce goods which are light in weight like cycles, sewing machines, electronic goods, etc.

Question 3.
Name an agro-based industry based in the following industrial centres:
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Mysore.
Answer:
Agro based industry:
(a) Ahmedabad: Cotton textile,
(b) Mysore: Silk Industry.

Question 4.
Mention any two problems of small-scale and cottage industries.
Answer:
The problems of small-scale and cottage industries are as follows:

• Small-scale and cottage industries lack modem technology.
• They cannot compete in terms of quality and price with the large scale industries.
• Unorganized marketing makes the products unprofitable.

Question 5.
Why are cottage industries important in India?
Answer:
Cottage industries are important in India because they use locally available resources and skills. For example, carpet-weaving, handloom and handicrafts industry etc.

Question 6.
Name any two large sugar producing states, one each in north and south India.
Answer:
Large sugar producing state in North is Uttar Pradesh Large sugar producing state in South is Maharashtra.

Question 7.
Mention two important by-products of the sugar industry and give one use of each.
Answer:
Molasses : It is the dark brown syrup that drains during the manufacturing of sugar.
Bagasses: It is the crushed sugarcane after the juice has been extracted.

Question 8.
Why Uttar Pradesh has been relegated to the second place in terms of sugar production?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh has been relegated to the second place in terms of sugar production because of old mills, management and labour problems and shorter crushing period.

Question 9.
What are the reasons for higher output of sugar in Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
Tamil Nadu has higher per hectare yield of sugarcane, higher sucrose content and longer crushing season. These characteristics alongwith new machinery has led to higher output of sugar in Tamil Nadu.

Question 10.
Mention any three special features of the cotton textile industry in India?
Answer:
Following are the three special features of the cotton textile industry in India:

• India ranks third among the cotton producing countries of the world.
• It directly or indirectly employs more than 40 percent of the total labour in the country.
• Cotton textile is a major industry in India as it directly or indirectly supports more than nearly 40 per cent of the country’s labour force.

Question 11.
What factors have favoured the localisation of the cotton textile industry in Mumbai?
Answer:
Mumbai is an important centre of the cotton textile industry due to the following reasons:

• The black cotton soil of the Deccan Plateau provide a plenty of raw cotton to the industry.
• The humid climate of Mumbai is suitable for the spinning of yams.
• Cheap and adequate power is supplied from Tata Hydroelectric Projects at Khopoli, Bhivpuri, Bhire and Koyna.
• Abundant supply of skilled and unskilled labour is available in Mumbai.
• Availability of soft water which is suitable for dyeing and bleaching.

Question 12.
What are the problems of the cotton textile industry?
Answer:
The cotton textile industry suffers the following problems:
(i) Shortage of raw material, particularly of long staple cotton, which is imported from Pakistan, Kenya, Sudan, USA, Egypt and Peru.

(ii) The cotton industry faces constant threat of sickness and consequent closure because of uncertainly raw material, low producing of machines and labour, increasing competition from powerloom sector, lack of modernisation and the problems at management level. Many of the such units have been taken over by the government.

(iii) The Indian cotton textile industry has lost some of the foreign markets because of the continued increase in the cost of production and development of cotton textile industry in many Asian countries like China, Japan and African countries.

(iv) The cotton textile industry faces inadequate production due to the lack of adequate and unfailing power supply and also due to the decentralised sector.

(v) The cotton textile mills face acute shortage of power. Supplies of coal are difficult to obtain and frequent cuts in electricity and load shedding adversely affect the industry.

(vi) Most of the cotton textile mills in India are working with old and obsolete machinery which results in low output and poor quality of goods.

Question 13.
Name two important centres for each of the following industries and state the facilities they are enjoying at these centres.
(a) Cotton Industry
(c) Woollen Industry
(b) Silk Industry.
(d) Jute Industry
Answer:
(a) Maharashtra and Guj arat are the foremost cotton textile manufacturing states. In these States, Mumbai and Ahmedabad contribute about 50 percent of the total installed looms and nearly half of lndia’s cotton mill cloth. Mumbai and Ahmedabad have emerged as the most important cotton-manufacturing centres for the following reasons:

• Proximity to raw material,
• Favourable climatic conditions,
• Transport facilities,
• Port facilities,
• Labour

(b) Silk Industry is an important industry of India due to international demands. Main centres are Bangalore, Kanchipuram, Varanasi, Mysore, Murshidabad etc. Silk worms are reared on mulberry plants mainly. It is both developed as handloom and machines manufacturing. These centres get the raw material easily and there are expert workers rather traditional, which are well trained in weaving and design making.

(c) Woollen Industry.
Punj ab state is famous for woollens and the main centres are Dhariwal, Amritsar, Ludhiana. There is great demand of woollens in neighbouring areas. Wool is available from Jammu Kashmir, and local rural areas and large number of workers are available for spinning and weaving handlooms and machineries.

(d) Jute Industry:
The jute industry was first initiated in 1832, when George Auckland, a businessman from Dundee, conducted an experiment on the production of raw jute. However, the development of the industry started in 1885 when five power-driven jute mills were set-up at Rishra near Kolkata. After a few years the Hooghly basin became the centre of the jute industry.

Next to cotton, jute is the second important agro-based industry. The industry employs over 5 lakh workers. The inudstry has its important role in the India’s economy as it is one of the main foreign exchange eamers.lt accounts for about 20% of the total export earning so its is also called as the “golden fibre of India”. Most of the jute mills concentrated in West Bengal. There are few jute mills in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 14.
What is sericulture? Name any two types of silk.
Answer:
Rearing of silkworms and producing raw silk.
Types of Silk :

1. Mulberry,
2. Tasar

Question 15.
Name two textile industries using any animal fibre. Name att important state where these industries are located.
Answer:

1. Woolen textile industries using sheep wool. Woollen industries are located in Punjab.
2. Silk textile industries using raw silk from silk worm. Silk industries are located in Karnataka.

Question 16.
Why is Kolkata an important cotton textile producing centre?
Answer:
Kolkata is an important cotton textile producing centre due to the following reasons:

• Kolkata has sufficient power supply.
• It has plenty capital supply.
• Humid climate of Kolkata facilitates the spinning of finer yam.
• Soft Wider supplied from the Hooghly river is suitable for bleaching and dyeing.
• Cheap and abundant labour supply.
• Good transport facilities by road, railways and river.

Question 17.
Name two other types of silk apart from the mulberry.
Answer:
Apart from the mulberry, three other types of silk are- tasar, muga and eri.

Question 18.
In what way does the cotton industry contribute to the economy of India? Mention any three relevant factors.
Answer:
Contribution of cotton industry:

• It provides employment.
• It supports a large number of industries like chemicals, package material.
• It provides a market to the cotton farmers.
• It earns foreign exchange.

Question 19.
Give the reasons for higher output of sugar in the state of Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
Tamil Nadu has higher per hectare yield of sugarcane, higher sucrose content and longer crushing season. These characteristics along with new machinery has to led to higher output of sugar in Tamil Nadu.

IV. Structured Questions.

Question 1.
With reference to the sugar industries, answer the following questions:
(a) Name the by-products of the sugar industry. Give the industrial use of each.
(b) Why is the sugar industry highly dispersed in India?
(c) Give three important reasons which have made Maharashtra the leading producer of sugar in India.
(d) Which industry has a tendency to migrate towards the south? Why?
Answer:
(a) Molasses, Bagasse and press mud are the by-products of sugar industry.
Molasses is used for the manufacture of fertilizers, DDT synthetic rubber, power alcohol, plastic, chemicals, rum and cattle feed.

Bagasse is the residue of crushed cane and is used as the raw material in paper industry. It is also used in making cardboard. Press mud is used in the manufacturing of wax, carbon paper and shoe polish.

(b) Sugar industry is highly dispersed and linked to certain states for apart from one another. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu are the main producer states. The quality of sugarcane is better in the southern states, while Uttar Pradesh suffer from medium quality sugarcane, distance of factories and the production of other crops besides the sugarcane. So, combined efforts cannot be practised by the sugar producing states.

(c) Because the main sugar producing area in Maharashtra is located in a narrow belt extending from Manmad in the north to Kolhapur in the south. It has 119 sugar mills, of which 87 are in the cooperative sugar mills, of most of the mills are large in size in which the crushing period lasts for more than 140 days.

(d) Sugar industry has a tendency to migrate towards the south. This is because the black soil in the southern region is more fertile than the alluvial soil of the Northern Plains.

Question 2.
With reference to the cottage industries, answer the following questions:
(a) Why have Mumbai and Ahmedabad emerged as the important cotton manufacturing centres?
(b) State two economic advantages of the handloom industry?
(c) State any three problems faced by the cotton industry in India.
(d) State three problems faced by the silk industry.
Answer:
(a) Mumbai and Ahmedabad have emerged as the most important cotton manufacturing centres because of the following reasons:
(i) Proximity to Raw Material :
The supply of raw cotton for the mills is supplied by the cotton producing areas of the Deccan Plateau that lie close to these mills.

(ii) Climatic Conditions :
The humid coastal climate favours the textile making Without breaking the thread.

(iii) Transport Facilities :
Mumbai and Ahmedabad are well connected through rail and road links with cotton growing areas of Maharashtra and Gujarat, respectively and also through sea routes with the foreign markets.

(iv) Port facilities :
Mumbai is a leading port with export and import facilities whereas Ahmedabad utilises port facilities from Kandla. The location of ports facilitate import of capital goods, chemicals, etc. and the export of finished goods.

(b) The problems faced by the cottage industry today are:

• As the goods are made by using simple equipments, so they cannot produce the goods in sufficient quantity.
• Unorganized marketing makes the goods unprofitable.

(b) Handloom industry produces more than one-third of the cloth manufactured in India. Being labour-intensive industry. It employs, a large number of people even more than the total number of people employed in both organized sector and mining. It contributes over 23% of the total cloth production in the country.

(c) The problem, faced by cotton textile industry :
(i) Shortage of Raw Material :
There is a shortage of raw material, particularly of long staple cotton, which is imported from Pakistan, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Egypt, USA and Peru.

(ii) Inadequate Production :
The cotton textile industry faces inadequate production because of the lack of adequate and unfailing power supply and also because of competition with the decentralised sector. Thus it has to face stiff competition from other Asian Countries.

(iii) Loss of Foreign Markets :
The India cotton textile industry has lost some of the foreign markets because of continued increase in the cost of production and the development of cotton textile industry in a number of Asian countries like China and Japan and African countries.

(d) The problem, faced by the silk industry:

• Competition from artificial silk is the main problem faced by the Indian silk industry. Artificial silk is cheaper and better in quality.
• Import of better quality and cheaper raw silk from China is also detrimental for the India silk industry.
• The changes in prices of raw silk badly affect both the weavers and the silk industry.

ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank