\n(ii) They lose water vapour and process is termed stomatal transpiration.<\/td>\n | They lose water vapour and process is called lenticular transpiration.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 4:\u00a0<\/strong>Cuticular and Lenticular transpiration. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nCuticular Transpiration<\/strong><\/td>\nLenticular Transpiration<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nIt takes place through the thin cuticle covering the leaves of the plant.<\/td>\n | It takes place through the opening on the stems of woody plants, called lenticels.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 5:\u00a0<\/strong>Transpiration and Translocation. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nTranspiration<\/strong><\/td>\nTranslocation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nIt is the loss of water in the form of water vapour from the aerial organs of the plant.<\/td>\n | It is the transfer of prepared food to the different parts of the plant, including the storage organs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nIt occurs through stomata.<\/td>\n | It occurs through vascular tissues.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 6:\u00a0<\/strong>Transpiration and Perspiration. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nTranspiration<\/strong><\/td>\nPerspiration<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n(i) It takes place in plants.<\/td>\n | It takes place in animals.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n(ii) Only water vapour is removed.<\/td>\n | Sweat containing urea, uric add and salts are removed with water.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n(iii) It takes place through the leaves and stem and through the stomata and lenticels.<\/td>\n | It takes place through the skin. It takes place through the sweat pores of the sweat glands.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 7:\u00a0<\/strong>Stomata and Hydathodes. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nStomata<\/strong><\/td>\nHydathodes<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nStomata pass out water in the form of vapours.<\/td>\n | Hydathodes send out water in the form of droplets.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 8:\u00a0<\/strong>Guttation and Bleeding. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nGuttation<\/strong><\/td>\nBleeding<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nIt is the process in which water droplets oozes out from the hydathodes present at the tip and margins of leaves.<\/td>\n | It is the process in which plant sap oozes out through injured or cut ends of the plant.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Question 9:\u00a0<\/strong>Cobalt chloride paper and Goat’s bladder. \nAnswer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nCobalt Chloride Paper<\/strong><\/td>\nGoat’s Bladder<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nIt is used for the process of transpiration to check the presence of water.<\/td>\n | It is used for the process of osmosis as a semi-permeable membrane.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nDiagram Based Questions<\/span><\/h3>\nQuestion 1:<\/strong> The diagram below represents a structure found in a leaf. \n \nStudy the same and answer the questions that follow: \n(i) Name the pis labeled A and B. \n(ii) What is the biological term for the above structure? \n(iii) What is the function of the part labeled A? \n(iv) Mention two structural features of A, which help in the function mentioned in (iii) above. \n(v) Where is this structure likely to be found in a leaf? \n(vi) The above structure helps in the process of transpiration. Explain the term transpiration. \n(vii) How many other cells are found surrounding this structure as seen in the diagram? \nAnswer:<\/strong> (1) A\u2014Guard cell B\u2014Stoma. \n(ii) Stomatal apparatus. \n(iii) Regulates opening & dosing of Stomata. \n(iv) Gives rigidity and protection to the cell. \n(v) On the epidermis of the leaf. \n(vi) Transpiration is the loss of water as water vapours from the aerial parts of the plant. \n(vii) Five.<\/p>\nQuestion 2:<\/strong> The figure below represents the vertical section of a leaf: \n \n(i) Name the parts labeled 1 to 5. \n(ii) What do the two arrows (dotted and solid) indicate in the daytime and at night? \n(iii) Could you add one more arrow in the figure? If yes, what for? \n(iv) How many leaf veins have been shown in this section? \nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) 1. Cuticle, 2. Upper epidermis, 3. Palisade tissue, 4. Spongy parenchyma, 5. Guard cell of the stoma. \n(ii) In the day time dotted arrow shows the path of CO2<\/sub> while the solid arrow shows the path of oxygen. A night dotted arrow shows the path of oxygen while solid arrow shows the path of CO2<\/sub>: \n(iii) Yes, we can add one more arrow in the figure to show the loss of water during transpiration. \n(iv) Only one leaf vein has been shown in this section.<\/p>\nQuestion 3:<\/strong> Given below are the diagrams of a certain structure in plants in two conditions. \n \n(i) Name the structure shown. \n(ii) Name the parts numbered 1-5. \n(iii) What is the most apparent difference between A and B in the structure shown? \n(iv) Describe the mechanism which brings about the change in the structure depicted in A and B. \nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) Stomata surrounded by epidermal cells. \n(ii) 1. Chloroplast, 2. The inner wall of guard cells, 3. Nucleus, 4. Guard cells, 5. Stoma. \n(iii) The stoma is open in A and is almost closed in B. \n(iv) The opening and dosing mechanism of stomata is regulated by the amount of water and solutes present in the guard cells. The guard cells have a thick inner wall facing the opening and a thin outer wall on the opposite side; their cytoplasm contains chloroplasts. During the day guard cells begin photosynthesis and the sugar produced during the process increases the osmotic pressure which draws in water from the adjoining cells. Hence, the guard cells become turgid and bulge outward due to their thin outer wall, thus widening the stomatal opening lying in between (Fig. A). As the stomata open, the diffusion of gases in and out begins for fulfilling the need for photosynthesis and for allowing transpiration. If for any reason the water content of the leaf is falling short, the guard cells fail to remain turgid, they turn flaccid or lose turgidity, thereby closing the stomatal opening (Fig. B) and the transpiration stops.<\/p>\nQuestion 4:<\/strong> Given below is an experimental set up to study a particular process : \n \n(i) Name the process being studied. \n(ii) Explain the process named in (i) above. \n(iii) Why is the pot covered with a plastic sheet ? \n(iv) Mention one way in which this process is beneficial to the plant. \n(v) Suggest a suitable control for this experiment. \nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) Transpiration. \n(ii) It is process in which water in the form of vapours are released from the aerial parts like leaves and soft stems of the plant. \n(iii) The plastic sheet will not allow the moisture of the mud of the pot to come out and affect the result. \n(iv) It helps in ascent of sap in the plant. \n(v) A similar apparatus is set up without the potted plant. In its place a same plastic bag, with its mouth tied, is kept in the bell jar. No water drops will appear in the bell jar.<\/p>\nQuestion 5:<\/strong> The figure given below represents an experimental set up with a weighing machine to demonstrate a particular process in plants. The experimental set up was placed in bright sunlight. Study the diagram and answer the following questions: \n \n(i) Name the process intended for study. \n(ii) Define the above mentioned process. \n(iii) When the weight of the test tube (A & B) is taken before and after thee experiment, what is observed ? Give reasons to justify your observation in A & B. \n(iv) What is the purpose of keeping the test tube B in the experimental set up? \nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) Transpiration. \n(ii) It is the release of water vapours from the aerial parts of the plant. \n(iii) Weight of test tube A will decrease after the experiment because water will be lost from it through the leaves by transpiration,. Weight of test tube B will remain same after the experiment because water will not be lost by transpiration as there is no plant in and nor by evaporation as oil is spread over it, which will not allow evaporation. \n(iv) It is a control experiment where the purpose of using test tube B is to compare the level of water in both test tubes.<\/p>\nQuestion 6:<\/strong> Study the diagram given alongside and answer the questions that follow: \n(i) Explain the physiological process being study. \n(ii) What will be the observations in the two test tubes after about 2-3 days? \n(iii) Give a reason for your answer in (ii) above. \n(iv) Why is the surface of water covered with oil. \n(v) State the purpose of setting up test tube B. \nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) Transpiration:<\/strong> Loss of water as water vapour from aerial parts of the plant. \n(ii) After 2-3 days the level of water falls in test-tube A while it remains constant in test tube B. \n(iii) The fall in the level of water in test-tube A due to the absorption of water by the roots. \n(iv) The oil has been put in each test-tube to prevent the loss of water by evaporation. \n(v) The purpose of setting up test-tube B is to show that in the absence of plant, there is no change in the level of water.<\/p>\nQuestion 7:<\/strong> Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follows: \n \n(i) Name the process being studied in the above experiment. \n(ii) Explain the process mentioned in (i) above. \n(iii) Why is oil placed over water? \nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) Transpiration \n(ii) It is the process by which plants lose water as vapours through the aerial parts. \n(iii) To prevent evaporation of water from the test tube. \n(iv) 1. In bright sunlight the level of water decreases quickly. \n2. In humid conditions level of water does not decrease for a long time. \n3. On windy day level of water decreases very quickly. \n(v) 1. The number of stomata may be reduced. \n2. leaves may become narrow. \n3. A thick layer of cuticle on the leaf surface help to decrease transpiration<\/p>\nQuestion 8:<\/strong> Given below is the diagram of an experimental set up to study the process of transpiration in plants. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow: \n \n(i) What is the colour of dry cobalt chloride paper? \n(ii) Is the experimental leaf a monocot or a dicot? Give a reason to support your answer. \n(iii) Why axe glass slides placed over the dry cobalt chloride papers? \n(iv) After about half an hour what change, if any, would you expect to find in the cobalt chloride paper placed on the dorsal and ventral sides of the leaf? Give a reason to support your answer. \n(v) Define the term \u2018transpiration\u2019. \nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) The colour of dry cobalt chloride paper is blue. \n(ii) Dicot leaf. It has reticulate venation. \n(iii) To prevent water vapour of the air from interfering the experiment. . \n(iv) The cobalt chloride paper placed on the lower surface of the leaf will show more pink dots as there are more stomata. The upper surface has less stomata than the lower surface. \n(v) Loss of water as water vapour from the aerial parts of the plant.<\/p>\nQuestion 9:<\/strong> The apparatus shown here is Girreau\u2019s poto-meter designed to demonstrate unequal transpiration from the two surfaces of a dorsiventral leaf. Before keeping the leaf in between the cups, anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2<\/sub>) contained in two small vials were weighed and placed in both the cups. The ends of the cups were closed with corks through which two mercury manometers were connected. After a few hours, CaCl2<\/sub> vials were taken out and \nweighed again. \n \n(i) What is the purpose of keeping CaCl2<\/sub> vials inside the cup? \n(ii) After a few hours, the CaCl2<\/sub> vials were taken out and weighed again. Will you expect any difference in weight ? If so, give reasons. \n(iii) What was the purpose of using a mano-meter? \n(iv) What do you mean by transpiration? \nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) The CaCl2<\/sub> vials are kept inside the cup to absorb water. \n(ii) After few hours, the weight of the CaCl2<\/sub> vials will increase because they will absorb the water which is transpired by the leaf of the plant. \n(iii) Manometers are used to indicate the unequal transpiration from two surfaces of a dorsiveritral leaf by showing difference in rise in their mercury levels. \n(iv) Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water vapour from the aerial parts of the living plants.<\/p>\nQuestion 10:<\/strong> The following diagram is set up to demonstrate an experiment. \n \nFive plants A, B, C, D and E were placed in a beaker containing water. The water in each beaker was covered with a layer of oil. The leaves were removed from plant D in plant B, upper surfaces of all the leaves were covered with Vaseline, in plant C the lower surfaces of all the leaves were covered with Vaseline and plant E was exposed to strong light. The beakers were then left for few hours and at the end of the experimental period, weights of each beaker were \ntaken. \nWrite the correct answer out of the five available choices given under each question: \nI. In which beaker would you expect the greatest decrease in weight? \n(i) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D (v) E \nII. In which beaker the change of weight would be minimum? \n(i) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D (v) E \nIII. Which plant would remain healthy for a longer period of time? \n(i) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D (v) E \nIV. In this experiment which plant can be considered as the uncontrolled one? \n(I) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D (v) E \nV. The difference of weight would b maximum between: \n(i) A and B (ii) A and C (iii) A and D (iv) A and E (v) D and E \nAnswer:<\/strong> I. (v) E, \u00a0II. (iv) D, \u00a0III. (i) A, \u00a0IV. (i) A, \u00a0V. (v) D and E.<\/p>\nQuestion 11:<\/strong> Given below is an apparatus used to study a particular process in plants. Study the same and ansvver the questions that follow : \n(i) Name the apparatus. \n(ii) Mention one limitation of this apparatus. \n(iii) Which phenomenon is studied with the help of this apparatus? \n(iv) What is the function of the part marked \u2018reservoir\u2019? \n(v) What is the role of the air bubble in the experiment? \nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) Garreau\u2019s Potorneter. \n(ii) The capillary tube should be properly dipped into the water. \n(iii) Transpiration. \n(iv) It is used to adjust the position of air bubble in graduated capillary tube. \n(v) The movement of air bubble in graduated tube in a minute gives the rate of transpiration.<\/p>\nSketch and Label the Diagram\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\nQuestion 1:<\/strong> Draw a labeled diagram of the stomatal apparatus and label the following in it: Stoma, Guard cells, Chloroplast, Epidermal cells and Cell wall. \nAnswer:<\/strong> \n<\/p>\n | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |