Very Short Questions<\/span><\/h3>\nQuestion 1:<\/strong> When and where was Gandhiji born? What was his full name?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji was born on 2nd October 1869 at Porbandar in Kathiawar (Gujarat). His full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.<\/p>\nQuestion 2:<\/strong> Name the movement and its purpose, which he started in South Africa.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji started the ‘National Indian Congress’ in South Africa against racial discrimination.<\/p>\nQuestion<\/strong> 3:<\/strong> Why did Gandhiji appeal to the people to help the British Empire with men and money during the First World War?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> He had a strong faith that India would be free only when the people helped the British Empire at such a critical juncture.<\/p>\nQuestion 4:<\/strong> When and where did Gandhiji set-up his Ashram?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji set-up his ashram in Ahmedabad in May 1915 on the bank of the river Sabarmati.<\/p>\nQuestion 5:<\/strong> What was the code of conduct set by Gandhiji for the inmates of the Ashram?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The people living in the ashram were supposed to observe a strict code of conduct. They were expected to be truthful, non-stealing, non-possessing, non-violent (Ahimsavadi) and to use swadeshi goods fearlessly.<\/p>\nQuestion 6:<\/strong> Mention the reason, why Gandhiji in his struggle for freedom evolve the method of non-violence?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji knew that Indians were not strong enough to get freedom by any physical force. Only non-violence was the weapon to defeat the British imperialism.<\/p>\nQuestion 7:<\/strong> Name the title that was awarded to Gandhiji for his services to the British Empire during World War I.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Kaiser-i-Hind.<\/p>\nQuestion 8:<\/strong> Name two important methods adopted by Gandhiji in the freedom struggle.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Satyagraha and Non-Cooperation.<\/p>\nQuestion 9:<\/strong> What is meant by Satyagraha?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Satyagraha means the force born out of truth and non-violence.<\/p>\nQuestion 10:<\/strong> When and why did Gandhiji organise the Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji organised the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 in Bihar to fight for the right of the farmers against indigo planters.<\/p>\nQuestion 11:<\/strong> What is meant by Swadeshi?
\nOr
\nWhat does the word ‘Swadeshi’ as used by Gandhiji imply?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Swadeshi means use of the goods produced within one’s country and by one’s countrymen.<\/p>\nQuestion 12:<\/strong> Why did Gandhiji put emphasis on manual labour and Charkha?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji’s Swadeshi programme was directed towards the social and economic upliftment of society, especially of the villages. Hence, he emphasised on manual labour and Charkha.<\/p>\nQuestion 13:<\/strong> Name the two greatest Movements organised by Gandhiji during the freedom struggle.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The two great Movements organised by Gandhiji during the freedom struggle were:
\n(i) Non-Cooperation Movement. (ii) Civil Disobedience Movement.<\/p>\nQuestion 14:<\/strong> When did the Congress decide to start the Non-Cooperation Movement? Who was the leader of this movement?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Congress decided to start the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920. Gandhiji was the leader of that movement.<\/p>\nQuestion 15:<\/strong> Why was the Rowlatt Act (1919) passed?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Rowlatt Act (1919) was passed to counter all political unrest, which manifested itself in many situations.<\/p>\nQuestion 16:<\/strong> Name the Act by the British Government in the year 1919, which gave them the authority to arrest and detain suspected Indians.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Rowlatt Act.<\/p>\nQuestion 17:<\/strong>\u00a0Who was the British General, responsible for ‘The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre’?
\nAnswer: General Dyer.<\/p>\nQuestion 18:<\/strong> Which was the tragic incident that prompted Gandhiji to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The inhuman act of the British Government at Jallianwala Bagh shattered the faith of Mahatma Gandhi and promoted him to launch the Non-cooperation Movement.<\/p>\nQuestion 19:<\/strong> What do you understand by the term Non-Cooperation?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> For the smooth functioning of any government, the willing co-operation of the people is essential. The strategy of not extending such co-operation to the government for the goodwill of the people of the country is Non-Cooperation movement.<\/p>\nQuestion 20:<\/strong> When and where was the resolution to start the Non-Cooperation Movement launched?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The resolution to start the Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in its Nagpur session on August 15 1920.<\/p>\nQuestion 21:<\/strong> Mention one item each of the positive and negative programme of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) Positive Programme\u2014Hindu-Muslim Unity.
\n(ii) Negative Programme\u2014Boycott of British goods.<\/p>\nQuestion 22:<\/strong> How did the Khilafat Movement come to an end?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Khilafat Movement came to an end when Mustafa Kamal Pasha dethroned the Turkish Sultan and declared Turkey a secular republic<\/p>\nQuestion 23:<\/strong> Why is the Khilafat Movement significant in the history of the National Movement?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Khilafat Movement is significant in the history of the National Movement because it contained vast possibilities of achieving Hindu-Muslim unity and of putting up a joint front against British Imperialism.<\/p>\nQuestion 24:<\/strong> Why was ‘Swaraj Party’ organised and by whom?
\nOr
\nName the two leaders of the Swaraj Party. Why were they said to be Pro Changers?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das organised the Swaraj Party. They were of the opinion that the Congressmen should stand for election to the Legislative Councils.<\/p>\nQuestion 25:<\/strong> Give two offshoots of the political excitement created by protests against the Simon Commission.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Nehru Report and the Demand for Poorna Swaraj were the two offshoots of the political excitement created by protests against this commission.<\/p>\nQuestion 26:<\/strong> Name the national leader who succumbed to the lathi charge during the protest Movement against the Simon commission.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Lala Lajpat Rai.<\/p>\nQuestion 27:<\/strong> Why is the Congress session, held at Lahore, in 1929, significant in the history of India’s
\nfreedom Movement?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Because it passed the important resolution of India’s Poorna Swaraj (Complete Independence).<\/p>\nQuestion 28:<\/strong> When and where was resolution of complete independence (Poorna Swaraj) passed?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The resolution of complete independence (Poorna Swaraj) was passed at the annual session of the Congress held at Lahore in December 1929.<\/p>\nQuestion 29:<\/strong> What is the historical importance of 26th January 1930?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The historical importance of 26th January 1930 is that on this day the first ‘Independence Day’ was celebrated in Calcutta.<\/p>\nQuestion 30:<\/strong> What did the programme of Civil Disobedience consist of?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The programme of Civil Disobedience consisted of non-violent satyagraha, boycott of schools, colleges, courts and foreign goods, breaking of salt laws and ‘no-tax’ campaigns.<\/p>\nQuestion 31:<\/strong> When and by whom w as the Civil Disobedience Movement launched?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji started the Civil Disobedience Movement on 12th March 1930 with his famous Dandi March.<\/p>\nQuestion 32:<\/strong> Why was the Dandi March undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Dandi March was undertaken to violate the salt laws, which forbade anyone to manufacture salt and to start the Civil Disobedience Movement.<\/p>\nQuestion 33:<\/strong> Why was the Dandi March important in the history of the National Movement?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Dandi March was important in the history of the National Movement because as a result of this Movement the British administration was put out of gear in many places.<\/p>\nQuestion 34:<\/strong> How did the British Government react to the Dandi March?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The British Government tried to suppress the movement. A large number of leaders and volunteers were beaten and imprisoned.<\/p>\nQuestion 35:<\/strong> Who is popularly known as the Frontier Gandhi?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is popularly called Frontier Gandhi.<\/p>\nQuestion 36:<\/strong> What was Irwin’s declaration on Dominion Status for India?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Lord Irwin made an announcement that India will be provided self-Government as an integral part of the British Empire.<\/p>\nQuestion 37:<\/strong> Why was the British Government eager to have the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The British Government was eager to have the Gandhi-Irwin Pact because they wanted Gandhiji to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement.<\/p>\nQuestion 38:<\/strong> When was the Second Round Table Conference held?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Second Round Table Conference was held from 7th September to 2nd December 1931 in London.<\/p>\nQuestion 39:<\/strong> Why was Gandhiji disgusted at the Second Round Table Conference?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji was disgusted at the Second Round Table Conference because nobody paid any attention to his demands for immediate and full responsible Government for India.<\/p>\nQuestion 40:<\/strong> What was declared by the British by the Communal Award of 1932?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Communal A ward provided for separate Hindu, Harijan and Muslim electorates for the new Federal Legislature, treating Hindus and Harijans as two separate political entities.<\/p>\nQuestion 41:<\/strong> What change in the Communal Award was brought about by the Poona Pact? Who was responsible for bringing about this change?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> According to the Poona Pact the system of separate electorates was replaced by reservation of seats for Harijans. Dr. Ambedkar was responsible for bringing about this change.<\/p>\nQuestion 42:<\/strong> When did the Third Round Table Conference take place?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Third Round Table Conference took place in London from 17th November to 24th December 1932.<\/p>\nShort Questions – I<\/span><\/h3>\nQuestion 1:<\/strong> Mention any two effects of the Satyagraha and Non-Cooperation Movement started by Gandhiji.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The two effects of Satyagraha and Non-cooperation Movement started by Gandhiji are as follows:
\n(i) The Indian people made Khadi cloth by making use of Charkhas.
\n(ii) Several national institutions like Jamia Millia, Kashi Vidhyapeeth were set-up.<\/p>\nQuestion 2:<\/strong> Briefly state, how Gandhiji introduced moral values into politics?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji introduced moral values into politics. He used human courage, patience and suffering\u00a0as vehicles to achieve higher goals in life. He advocated legal and extra legal methods but not immoral and dishonest methods to achieve India’s freedom.<\/p>\nQuestion 3:<\/strong> What would a satayagrahi do against injustice?
\nOr
\nHow does the philosophy of Satyagraha affect the evil doer?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> A Satyagrahi would refuse to submit to whatever he considers to be wrong and would remain peaceful under provocation. He would suffer but would not inflict sufferings on others. This attitude of the Satyagraha will arouse the conscience of the evil doer.<\/p>\nQuestion 4:<\/strong> Give two examples to show that Gandhiji showed concern for the poor and the oppressed.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Following are the two example to show that Gandhiji showed concern for the poor and oppressed.
\n(i) He worked for the abolition of untouchability.
\n(ii) He set-up the Village Industries Association.<\/p>\nQuestion 5:<\/strong> In what way did Gandhiji involve Indian masses in the National Movement? In this respect, how did he differ from the Moderates?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji involved masses\u2014women, workers, farmers in the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement and Quit India Movement. He differed from the Moderates who felt that India could be freed with the help of foreign rulers. Gandhiji made use of the masses and extra-constitutional mass action in the freedom struggle.<\/p>\nQuestion 6:<\/strong> What was the Khilafat Movement? Name the leaders of the Khilafat Movement that was launched in India to Champion the cause of the Caliph of Turkey.
\nOr
\nWho were the leaders of the Khilafat Movement?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The harsh treatment meted out to the Khalifa of Turkey generated anti-British feelings among the Muslims. Under the leadership of the Ali brothers, Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali a powerful agitation was launched. This agitation was known as the Khilafat Movement.<\/p>\nQuestion 7:<\/strong> What did the Khilafat Movement consist of?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Khilafat Movement consisted of boycott of Legislative Councils, Foreign goods, Government schools and colleges, Government functions and surrendering of titles and distinctions.<\/p>\nQuestion 8:<\/strong> Name any three leading figures who participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement:
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The three leaders who participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement were:
\n(i) Dr. Zakir Hussain (ii) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (iii) Rabindranath Tagore.<\/p>\nQuestion 9:<\/strong> Why did Gandhiji suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Violence broke out at Chauri-Chaura, a village near Gorakhpur where a violent mob stormed and burnt a police station killing twenty-two policemen. Since Gandhiji believed in non-violence he decided to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement.<\/p>\nQuestion 10:<\/strong> How did the Non-Cooperation Movement instil confidence among the Indians?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Non-Cooperation Movement instilled confidence among the Indians and made them bold- The Indians realized by experience that passive resistance was more powerful than weapon used by the British. The Indians also realized and came to understand that if they were united the road to freedom was not far away.<\/p>\nQuestion 11:<\/strong> In what way did the Non-Cooperation Movement provide a national base to the Congress?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Non-Cooperation Movement provided a national base to the Congress making it a genuine, revolutionary organisation. It followed the aims and objectives of the militant nationalism but tempered them with its creed of non-violence.<\/p>\nQuestion 12:<\/strong> What were the main provisions of the Rowlatt Act?
\nOr
\nMention any two provisions of the Rowlatt Act, by which people were shocked and enraged. Answer: Answer:<\/strong> According to the Rowlatt Act:
\n(i) The Government could use the extraordinary repressive powers it had during the war.
\n(ii) The British Government could arrest any person without assigning any reason for the arrest, search any place without a warrant and imprison anyone without trial.<\/p>\nQuestion 13:<\/strong> What was the reaction of the Indians to the Rowlatt Act?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Indians opposed the Rowlatt Act like wild fire. An All-India hartal was observed on 8th April, 1919. Meetings were held all over the country to show people’s resentment to the inhuman repressive measures. The Indian press also gave full support to the mass agitation.<\/p>\nQuestion 14:<\/strong> Name three Congressmen who were opposed to the principles of the Swaraj Party.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The three Congressmen who were opposed to the principles of the Swaraj Party were:
\n(i) Jawaharlal Nehru (ii) Sardar Patel\u00a0(iii) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.<\/p>\nQuestion 15:<\/strong> Mention any two achievements of the Swaraj Party.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) The leaders got opportunity to get familiar with the rules and procedures of legislative assemblies.
\n(ii) They drew attention of the government towards the problems such as protection to Indian industries, necessity to reduce taxes and duties and railways fares etc.<\/p>\nQuestion 16:<\/strong> What did the Swaraj Party advocate?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Swaraj Party advocated a new line of political activity and returned to Constitutional agitation. Its leaders held that the Congress should contest elections to the Legislatures and oppose the British Government from within the Council.<\/p>\nQuestion 17:<\/strong> Why was the Simon Commission set-up? Why was the Commission so called?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Simon Commission was set up in 1927 to assess the merits of the Government of India Act of 1919. It was known as the Simon Commission after its Chairman, Sir John Simon.<\/p>\nQuestion 18:<\/strong> What was the reaction of the Indians to the Simon Commission?
\nOr
\nWhy was the Simon commission boycotted by the Indians?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> All the political parties including the Congress and Muslim League decided to boycott the Commission because it was an all-white Commission with no Indian was associated with it. The Simon Commission was received with black flags, mass demonstrations, hartals and slogans of ‘Simon Go Back’ all over the country.<\/p>\nQuestion 19:<\/strong> What was the reaction of the Muslim League to the Nehru Report?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Jinnah opposed some provisions Of the Nehru Report on behalf of the Muslim League. In 1929, Jinnah put forward his famous Fourteen Points as the minimum conditions acceptable to the League for any political settlement.<\/p>\nQuestion 20:<\/strong> Mention any two events which led to the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) The congress declared the attainment of complete independence as its aim in Lahore session, and decided to laurich a Civil Disobedience Movement.
\n(ii) It was decided to celebrate 26th January 1930 as the Independence Day all over the country.<\/p>\nQuestion 21:<\/strong> Why was the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’ of March 1930, withdrawn?
\nOr
\nWhat assurance did Gandhiji withdraw the Civil Disobedience Movement.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The famous Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931. Gandhiji agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement. The British Government was agreed to release all political prisoners except those guilty of violence and to withdraw the ordinances promulgated during the movement. The government permitted manufacturing of salt for personal use and promised to return the Congressmen their confiscated properties.<\/p>\nQuestion 22:<\/strong> Trace the programme and progress of Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhiji with reference to the Dandi March, 1930.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji started the Civil Disobedience Movement on 12th March, 1930 with his famous Dandi March. Many volunteers joined him forming a non-violent column. Gandhiji made salt from sea water and violated the salt-laws which forbade anyone to manufacture salt except the British Government.<\/p>\nQuestion 23:<\/strong> Briefly state the outcome of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Although the Civil Disobedience Movement failed to achieve its set objective, but it succeeded in creating political awakening among the people. It exposed the true nature of the British rule in India. The Government crushed the movement with force, failed to subdue peoples spirit of revolt and their nationalism and patriotism.<\/p>\nQuestion<\/strong> 24:<\/strong> Why did the Congress decide to boycott the First Round Table Conference?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Congress decided to boycott the First Round Table Conference because it wanted the summoning of a Constituent Assembly to draft a Constitution for India which the British Government refused.<\/p>\nQuestion 25:<\/strong> What was agreed upon by both sides in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
\nOr
\nMention any one provision each of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed in 1931.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji called off the Civil Disobedience Movement and agreed to attend the Second Round Table Conference in London. He also agreed to stop boycotting the British goods. The Viceroy agreed to withdraw ordinances promulgated against Civil Disobedience Movement, release people who had been imprisoned, in connection with that Movement, and return the seized property.<\/p>\nQuestion 26:<\/strong> With the coming of Gandhiji the National Movement started witnessing major and minor eventful happenings that made history. On the basis of this statement, describe about Champaran Satyagrahas in brief.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Champaran (Bihar) Satyagrahas was organised by Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi fought for the rights of indigo cultivators, who were subjected to illegal collection by British planters. The uprising later led to setting up a Commission which finally ruled in favour of the planters. This was one of the early successes of Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent campaign.<\/p>\nShort Questions – II<\/span><\/h3>\nQuestion 1:<\/strong> Give one incident in Gandhiji’s life in South Africa which taught him the technique of Satyagraha.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji’s life in South Africa helped him in his fight for freedom in India. Once while he was travelling in a coach, Gandhiji was forced to sit on the foot-board. He wanted to occupy a vacant seat but the conductor of the coach beat him because Indians were not allowed to sit on the seats meant for the EuropeAnswer: Gandhiji suffered all the insults and pain without resisting. The passengers took pity on him and Came to his rescue. This incident taught Gandhiji the technique of Satyagraha or passive resistance.<\/p>\nQuestion 2:<\/strong> Gandhiji introduced new ideas in politics and adopted new methods to give a new direction of The political movement. In this context, discuss Gandhiji doctrine of Satyagraha.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Gandhiji’s philosophy was based on non-violence. Satyagraha was one of his great weapons. Satyagraha means to “disobey the law without restoring to violence.” According to him passive resistance was the weapon of the weak while satyagraha was the weapon of the strong. He believed that a satyagrahi must be morally and spiritually strong so that he could fight injustice with non violence. He laid stress upon peaceful talks, non-cooperation, picketing, strike, social boycott, hunger strike, civil disobedience etc. to realize him aim of satyagraha.<\/p>\nQuestion 3:<\/strong> Explain briefly the tragedy at the Jallianwala Bagh.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Peaceful strikes were organised at Amritsar to protest against the Rowlatt Act. Two prominent Congress leaders Dr. Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal were arrested. The people asked the Deputy Commissioner to release the leaders but the British opened fire. The mob turned violent and killed a few officers.
\nOn 13th April, 1919 people organised a peaceful general meeting in a small garden in Amritsar. General Dyer on 12th April forbade public meetings and processions of which people were not aware. General Dyer with his troops blocked the only exit and ordered his troops to open fire killing a large number of people.<\/p>\nQuestion 4:<\/strong> What did the Non-Cooperation Movement consist of?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Non-Cooperation Movement consisted of the following:
\n(i) Surrendering of titles of offices and resignation from nominated posts in the local bodies.
\n(ii) Boycott of Government schools, colleges and law courts.
\n(iii) Boycott of Foreign goods and adoption of Swadeshi.
\n(iv) Boycott of election and other Government functions.<\/p>\nQuestion 5:<\/strong> Explain the new method of Non-Cooperation advocated by the party member after the\u00a0suspension of the Non-Cooperation movement by Gandhiji.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Swaraj party advocated a new line of political activity and returned to Constitutional agitations. When they were elected to the Legislative Council, they found opportunity to criticise the Government. The Swaraj party opposed the Government and on many occassions the Viceroy and the Governors had to use their special powers to keep up the administration. This party continued its struggle for self-Govemment from within the Legislature from 1923 to 1927.<\/p>\nQuestion 6:<\/strong> Give one example each to show that the following participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement, (i) Gandhiji (ii) Educated Indians and (iii) Indian masses.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> (i) In order to give an example from his own life, Gandhiji returned the medals, he had been awarded from his work in South Africa.
\n(ii) Many educated Indians also returned their degrees, titles and honours.
\n(iii) People boycotted Government functions. The lawyers gave up their legal practice, students left their schools and colleges, teachers submitted their resignation and worked for the Movement.<\/p>\nQuestion 7:<\/strong> Why was the Simon Commission appointed by the British Government? Why did the Congress boycott the Commission.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Simon Commission was appointed by the Government to look into the working of the Government of India Act 1919 and suggest further reforms.
\nThe Congress decided to Boycott it because:
\n(i) It was an ‘all white’ Commission. No Indian was included in it.
\n(ii) It refused to accept the demand for Swaraj.<\/p>\nQuestion 8:<\/strong> How did the people of India react of the appointment of Simon Commission.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Simon Commission submitted its report on 27th May, 1930. The National leaders were not at all happy over the report. The Commission proposed only a limited transfer of power to the provinces and that too with so many restrictions. The major political parties totally rejected the
\nproposals made by the Commission. The nationalists wanted the immediate setting up of fully responsible Governments, both at the Centre and in the Provinces. This Commission’s report, in fact, became a turning point in India’s struggle for freedom. The Indians expressed their discontent by starting Civil Disobedience Movement, another weapon against the British imperialism, no less than the Non-Cooperation Movement. The Nehru Report was its reaction in which the Indians demanded Poorna Swaraj.<\/p>\nQuestion 9:<\/strong> State any three recommendations of the Simon Commission.
\nOr
\nMention any two recommendations of the Simon Commission.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Three recommendations of the Simon Commission were:
\n(i) There should be complete autonomy in the provinces including the department of law and order but the Governor should be given over-riding power in certain matters like internal security.
\n(ii) There should be a federal Government at the Centre, consisting of British India and the Princely states.
\n(iii) Provincial Legislative Councils should be enlarged.<\/p>\nQuestion 10:<\/strong> State four recommendations of the Nehru Report.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> Four recommendations of the Nehru Report were:
\n(i) Attainment of Dominion status to India at an early date.
\n(ii) Safeguarding the interests of religious minorities and giving them full protection.
\n(iii) Executive to be made responsible to the Legislature.
\n(iv) Indian to be a federation, built on the basis of linguistic provinces and provision of provincial autonomy.<\/p>\nQuestion 11:<\/strong>\u00a0How successful was the second round table conference? What was Gandhi’s response?
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The Second Round Table conference was held in London from September to December 1931. Gandhiji was the sole representative of the Congress. The Sikh, Muslim, Christians representative wanted to safeguard their interests. Gandhiji presented some of his demands but no attention was paid to it. Nothing could be achieved from the Second Round Table Conference. Gandhiji was disappointed, he came back and started the Civil Disobedience Movement.<\/p>\nLong Questions<\/span><\/h3>\nQuestion 1:<\/strong> The advent of Mahatma Gandhi into the Indian National Congress is 1919 brought a dramatic change in the National Movement. In this context explain four ideological tenets of the Mahatma Gandhi.
\nAnswer:<\/strong> The four ideological tenets of Mahatma Gandhi were:<\/p>\n\n