\n15 seconds – \n2 minutes<\/td>\n | 2 minutes – 8 minutes<\/td>\n | 8 minutes – 15 minutes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Method of Conducting Interval Method :<\/p>\n \n- Before starting interval method one should have undergone a period of continuous running.<\/li>\n
- Maximum heart rate of the individual doing interval training should be noted. Generally maximum heart rate is found by the formulae 220 minus age. Maximum heart rate will help to find the target heart rate that the individual has to run during the interval.<\/li>\n
- Number of repetition of intervals should be decided after taking into account the athletes age and level of practice.<\/li>\n
- Improvement in performance can be done by changing the variable. It would be better to change one variable at a time.<\/li>\n
- See that the surface of running is flat.<\/li>\n
- Warm-up and cooling down should be done properly before starting interval training.<\/li>\n
- If the heart rate does not come back to 120 beats\/minutes within a period of time it is expected i.e., around 90 seconds then it should be understood that workload is difficult for the individual and the workload should be adjusted.<\/li>\n
- Have a heart rate monitor as it will help in increasing and decreasing intensity according to heart rate, depending on which interval one is.<\/li>\n
- Do not over exert while training.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 3. \nWrite a note on the Sports Authority of India (SAI) giving its objectives. [8] \nAnswer: \nThe Sports Authority of India (SAI), was set up on 25th January, 1984 as a Society registered under Societies Act, 1860 with the objective of promotion of Sports and Games. It comes under Department of Sports, Govt, of India. SAI head office is in Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex, New Delhi.<\/p>\n SAI is responsible for the management of the following:<\/p>\n \n- One high altitude training centre called Netaji Subhash High Altitude Training Centre (Shilaroo, Himachal Pradesh).<\/li>\n
- Two SAI Sports Academic Institutions (NSNIS Patiala and LNCPE Thiruvananthapuram).<\/li>\n
- Five stadiums at New Delhi ( Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex, Indira Gandhi Sports Complex, Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Swimming Pool Complex, Dr. Kami Singh Shooting Ranges).<\/li>\n
- Ten SAI Regional Centres (SRC) are located at (Chandigarh, Sonipat, Lucknow, Guwahati, Imphal, Kolkata, Bhopal, Bengaluru, Mumbai and Gandhi-nagar).<\/li>\n
- Fourteen “Centre of Excellences” at different parts of India.<\/li>\n
- Twenty “Special Area Games” (SAG) at different parts of India.<\/li>\n
- Fifty-six “Sports Training Centres” (STC) at different parts of India.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Objectives of SAI:<\/p>\n \n- Talent Scouting at micro level and nurturing talent towards excellence.<\/li>\n
- Training and International Exposure.<\/li>\n
- Support Training with Scientific and Sports equipment and scientific personnel.<\/li>\n
- Monitor and enhance performance with a scientific evaluation system.<\/li>\n
- Training and preparation of national teams.<\/li>\n
- Sports Infrastructure development and maintenance.<\/li>\n
- Maintenance and up gradation of 4 stadia complexes and a shooting range in Delhi.<\/li>\n
- To produce coaches and physical educationists of high caliber in different disciplines of sports to broad base sports.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 4. \nWhat is meant by a tournament? Explain the various types of tournaments. Draw a fixture of 11 teams on the knock-out basis. [8] \nAnswer: \nTournament : \nIt is series of competition between different teams. It helps to decide the positions like first, second, third etc. For a tournament to take place there should be minimum two teams.<\/p>\n Various Types of Tournaments : \nTourna-ments are of different types like Knock-out, League, and League cum knock-out, challenge etc.<\/p>\n Knock-out Tournament : \nIn a knock-out tournament if a team loses a single match it will be out of the tournament. Only the winners move to the next round of matches. Formulae to find the number of matches in a knock-out tournament = n – 1 where n = number teams participating in the tournament. The number of matches in a knock-out tournament of 17 teams =17-1 = 16 matches.<\/p>\n League Tournament: In a league tournament every team participating in the tournament has to compete with every other team. Winners are decided on the basis of the points acquired after all the competition. For each win a team may be awarded 2 point, draw 1 point and for a loss no point is awarded. Formulae to find the number of matches in a league tournament = n (n – l)\/2. Where n = number teams participating in the tournament. The number of matches in a league tournament of 9 teams = 9 (9 – 1) \/2 = 36 matches.<\/p>\n League cum Knock-out Tournament : \nIn a league cum knock-out tournament competition is conducted in two phase. In the first phase competition is conducted in the form of a league and through this competition a pre-decided number of teams are selected on the basis of points secured from the top. In the second phase pre-decided number of teams selected from the league matches will participate in a knock-out tournament and from this first and second teams are decided.<\/p>\n Fixture of 11 teams on the knock-out basis:<\/p>\n Number of Byes in Lower Half \n\\(=\\frac{n b+1}{2}=\\frac{5+1}{2}=3\\) \nNumber of Byes in Upper Half \n\\(=\\frac{n b-1}{2}=\\frac{5-1}{2}=2\\) \n \nNumber of Bye = 16 – 11 = 5 Bye<\/p>\n Question 5. \nExplain the term Disability. State the various services available for the rehabilitation of the disabled, in India. t8] \nAnswer: \nDisability : Disability means an inability to do work. It is a state of an individual when he\/she is not able to work efficiently. It may be present from birth, or occur during a person\u2019s lifetime. It may be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental, or combination of these. Disabilities cover impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement with the life situations. Thus, disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between features of a person\u2019s body and the environment of the society where he or she lives.<\/p>\n Various services available for the rehabilitation of the disabled India :<\/p>\n \n- Rehabilitation Council of India, New Delhi : Regulation of training policies and programs in Person with disability (PWD) rehabilitation.<\/li>\n
- National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research, Cuttack, Odisha: coordinates training for rehabilitation personnel, service delivery programs for rehabilitation, vocational training, placement and rehabilitation of persons with mobility disability.<\/li>\n
- Society for Rehabilitation and Research of the Handicapped, New Delhi : A organization of Person with disability (PWD) rehabilitation, Co-education school for age group 16-30 with hearing impairment.<\/li>\n
- Association for Advancement and Rehabilitation of Handicapped, New Delhi: A organization of Person with disability (PWD) rehabilitation, Social awareness and occupational center for persons with intellectual disability.<\/li>\n
- Amar Joyti Research and Rehabilitation Center, New Delhi formed in 1981: A organization for Person with disability.<\/li>\n
- Indian Red Cross Society established in 1920. It has around 400 branches all over India.<\/li>\n
- All India Blind Relief Society formed in 1946 coordinates with various institutions of blind. It works for the welfare of blind.<\/li>\n
- Artificial limb Manufacturing Corporation in Kanpur provides artificial limbs to disabled.<\/li>\n
- Kamayani School for Mentally Handicapped, Pune, formed in 1964 provides work and training for handicapped persons.<\/li>\n
- National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped, Secunderabad, provides training and rehabilitation for persons with learning disability.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 6. \nWhat is meant by soft-tissue injury? Explain the role of an individual in the prevention of sports-related accidents. [8] \nAnswer: \nA soft tissue injury is the damage of muscles, ligaments and tendons throughout the body. Common soft tissue injuries usually occur from a sprain, strain, a one off blow resulting in a contusion or overuse of a particular part of the body. Soft tissue injuries can result in pain, swelling, bruising and loss of function. \n \n<\/p>\n Role of various individuals in prevention of sports-related accidents \nTo prevent sports-related accidents in a school, the players and physical education teacher has a major role.<\/p>\n Things to be performed by a Player to prevent sports-related accidents :<\/p>\n \n- Warm up properly before entering the playground.<\/li>\n
- Use safety equipment prescribed’for a game.<\/li>\n
- Play the game with concentration and not carelessly.<\/li>\n
- Coordinate and cooperate with your team members so that you have a good rapport with your team members.’ Unsportsman like behaviour should not be shown against the opponents.<\/li>\n
- Have right frame of mind to play the game. If you are sad and you wish not to play then do not enter the court.<\/li>\n
- If there is an injury, give proper rest and later rehabilitation exercise till the injury has healed completely and then start playing.<\/li>\n
- Learn the correct skill and execute it in right manner.<\/li>\n
- Do not try to exert more than your limitation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Things to be performed by Physical Education teacher or coach to prevent sports related accidents:<\/p>\n \n- Have medical checkup for students before including them for training.<\/li>\n
- Test their performance and decide their schedule.<\/li>\n
- Start with simple skills and then move to advanced skills.<\/li>\n
- Ensure that ground is neatly marked and levelled, surroundings are neat and clean before starting training.<\/li>\n
- Divide the class into small groups and engage them in variety of sports to prevent overcrowding in a particular ground.<\/li>\n
- Ensure that first aid kit is carried to the ground to attend to an injury as quickly as possible.<\/li>\n
- Ensure that students are playing in proper playing kit and using the desired safety equipment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 7. \nWrite short notes on the following : [8] \n(a) Splint \n(b) Personal hygiene \nAnswer: \n(a) Splint : A splint is a device used for support or immobilization of a limb or the spine. It can be used in multiple situations, including temporary immobilization of potentially broken bones or damaged joints and support for joints during activity. Splinting immobilizes injured extremities and prevents further injury, decreases pain and bleeding and allows healing to begin. Splint is most commonly used during fractures, dislocations and sprains.<\/p>\n Advantages:<\/p>\n |