Question 1.
\nWhat is a \u2018map\u2019?
\nAnswer:
\nA map is a representation of the earth\u2019s crust or a part of it on a flat surface having been shown the natural, as-well-as man made features, too.<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nState the essential features of a map.
\nAnswer:
\nThere are five essential features of a map. These are:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Title – It indicate the subject of the map. e.g, distribution of natural vegetation, water bodies, climate, etc.<\/li>\n
- Scale – It denotes the relationship between map distances and actual ground distances.<\/li>\n
- Direction – It refers to the cardinal direction, i.e., North, South, East and West, Conventionally, a map is aligned with the North towards the top.<\/li>\n
- Key or Legend – It explains the meaning of the symbols that are used in the map.<\/li>\n
- Grid system, usually formed by the cross-conjugation of the lines of longitudes and latitudes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 3.
\nWhat do you mean by the \u2018Key\u2019 of a map?
\nAnswer:
\nThe \u2018 Key\u2019 of a map explains the meaning of the symbols used in the map.<\/p>\nQuestion 4.
\nInto how many categories have the maps been classified?
\nAnswer:
\nThe maps have been basically classified into two categories:<\/p>\n- \n
- Large Scale Maps.<\/li>\n
- Small Scale Maps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 5.
\nWhat are the topographical maps?
\nAnswer:
\nTopographical maps show natural as well as man-made features of an area. They are usually drawn on large scales, so it is possible to show considerable details of natural and man-made features, such as hills, forests, rivers, villages, towns, roads, canals, railways, bridges and telegraph lines etc.<\/p>\nQuestion 6.
\nWhat are the contours maps? State their properties.
\nAnswer:
\nThe imaginary lines which are drawn on a map to joining places having the same height above the sea level.
\nProperties of the contours are as follows:<\/p>\n- \n
- Contour lines join all places of the same height above sea level.<\/li>\n
- Distant contour lines indicate gentle slopes.<\/li>\n
- Closely spaced contour lines indicate the steepy slopes.<\/li>\n
- Uniformly spaced contour lines indicate a uniform slope.<\/li>\n
- Contour intervals also differ according to the scale of the map.<\/li>\n
- Contour lines generally do not intersect each other on the map. However, in some places they intersect, where it indicates a steeper cliff or a waterfall.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 7.
\nWhat is a National Grid Reference (NGR)?
\nAnswer:
\nA system of co-ordinates in which the area is divided into 100 km \u00d7 100 km squares, with each square identified by two letters such as PQ, UA, UQ, etc. Each 100 km square is further subdivided into suares of one km. This system of map drawing is known as the National Grid Reference (NGR).<\/p>\nIt was prepared by the Survey of India about a hundred year ago dividing the then Indian sub-continent into 137 divisions. Each division was divided into sixteen parts, and each part denoted by capital letters from A to P. Each part is further divided into sixteen parts. These are prepared on a scale of 1:1000000 and named as National Grid Reference.<\/p>\n
Question 8.
\nWhat are\u2018hachures\u2019?
\nAnswer:
\nThe short, disconnected lines drawn along the direction of the steepest slope are called \u2018hachures\u2019.<\/p>\nQuestion 9.
\nWhat is the \u2018Bench Marks\u2019?
\nAnswer:
\nBench marks:
\nThe marks inscribed on a stone or been shown on a building to mainifest the exact height being determined through surveys.<\/p>\nQuestion 10.
\nWhat do you understand by V.I. and H.E.?
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- Vertical Interval (V.I.):
\nThe vertical distance between any two contour lines is called Vertical Interval (V.I.).<\/li>\n - Horizontal Equivalent (H.E.):
\nThe actual distance between two points on two contour-lines is called Horizontal Equivalent (H.E.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nQuestion 11.
\nWhat advantages do contours have over hill shading and hachuring?
\nAnswer:
\nHill shading and hachuring only give an impression of the slope but do not indicate the heights of the land above sea level, whereas the contours show both impression of the slope as well as the heights of the land above the sea level.<\/p>\nQuestion 12.
\nWhat does the intervisibility mean?
\nAnswer:
\nWhen two places in two different contours are mutually visible, they are called intervisible.<\/p>\nII. Distinguish between:<\/span>
\n(a) Eastings and Northings
\n(b) Four-figure grid reference and Six-figure grid reference
\nAnswer:
\n(a)<\/p>\n\n\n
\n \n Eastings<\/p>\n<\/td>\n
\n Northings<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n (i) The vertical lines running from South to North in a topographical map are called Eastings.<\/td>\n The horizontal lines running from East to West in a topographical map are called Northings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n (ii) In grid reference, the Eastings are given first.<\/td>\n In grid reference the Northings are referred after Eastings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n (iii) They represent a distance east of the origin of the grid reference.<\/td>\n They represent a distance north of the origin of the grid reference.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n (iv) While representing the object the Eastings left of the object is read.<\/td>\n While representing the object the Northings below the object is referred.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n (v) The Eastings increase in value eastwards.<\/td>\n The Northings increase in value northwards.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n (b) Four-figure reference:<\/p>\n
- \n
- The four-figure grid reference is used to find out the location that lies within a particular square.<\/li>\n
- In this type of reference, the first two figures give the Eastings, whereas the last two give the Northings.
\nFor example: large lakes, meanders, streams, settlements, embankments, physical features, etc.<\/li>\n - These pinpoint locations roughly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Six-figure reference:<\/p>\n
- \n
- In six figure reference we obtained the location of a place to the nearest 100 metres, e.g. spot heights, benchmarks, causeways, temples, post offices, police stations, wells, bridges, etc.<\/li>\n
- In the six-figure grid reference the first three figures are the Eastings and the last three are the Northings.<\/li>\n
- These pinpoint locations with greater accuracy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
III. Structured Questions<\/span><\/p>\n
Question 1.
\nGive the four-figure reference for points X, Y, Z in the figure given on the right-hand side.
\nAnswer:
\nX = 6135
\nY = 6133
\nZ = 6334
\n![\"ICSE](\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/icsesolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/ICSE-Class-10-Geography-Goyal-Brothers-Solutions-Chapter-1-Interpretation-of-Topographical-Maps-1-1-1.png?resize=201%2C208&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\nQuestion 2. Give the six-figure reference for A, B, C, D, E in the figure given on the right-hand side.
\nAnswer:
\nA = 615354
\nB = 634356
\nC = 625346
\nD = 635337
\nE = 618337
\n![\"ICSE](\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/icsesolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/ICSE-Class-10-Geography-Goyal-Brothers-Solutions-Chapter-1-Interpretation-of-Topographical-Maps-1-2-1.png?resize=195%2C204&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
- Vertical Interval (V.I.):