ML Aggarwal Class 6 Solutions for ICSE Maths Chapter 5 Sets Ex 5.2
Question 1.
State whether the following sets into empty, finite and infinite sets. In case of (non-empty) finite sets, mention the cardinal number.
(i) {all colours of a rainbow}
(ii) {x | x is a prime number between 7 and 11}
(iii) {multiples of 5}
(iv) {all straight lines drawn in a plane}
(v) {x | x is a digit in the numeral 550131527}
(vi) {x | x is a letter in the word ‘SUFFICIENT’}
(vii) {x | x is a vowel in the word MATHEMATICS}
(viii) {x : x is an even whole number and x ≤ 20}
(ix) {x : x ϵ I and -2 ≤ x ≤ 5}
(x) {x : x is a prime number less than 25}
(xi) {x : x is a prime factor of 180}.
(xii) {x : x ϵ N and x is a composite number < 12}
Solution:
(i) Let A = {all colours of a rainbow}
⇒ A = {Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet}
∴ the given set is finite .’. cardinal number = 7
(ii) Let {x | x is a prime number between 7 and 11}
⇒ B = {ϕ}
∴ the given set is empty
(iii) Let C = {multiples of 5}
⇒ C = {5, 10, 15, }
∴ the given set is infinite
(iv) The given set is infinite
(v) Let D = {x | x is a digit in the numeral 550131527}
⇒ D = {5, 0, 1, 3, 2, 7}, the given set is finite
∴ the cardinal number = 6
(vi) Let E = {x | x is a letter in the word ‘SUFFICIENT’}
⇒ E = {S, U, F, I, C, E, N, T}, the given set is finite
∴ the cardinal number = 8
(vii) Let F = {x | x is a vowel in the word MATHEMATICS}
⇒ F = {A, E, I}, the given set is finite
∴ the cardinal number = 3
(viii)Let F = {x : x is an even whole number and x ≤ 20}
⇒ F = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}, the given set is finite
∴ the cardinal number = 11
(ix) {x : x ϵ I and -2 ≤ x ≤ 5}
= {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
It is a finite set as it has countable element which are 5
(x) G = {x : x is a prime number less than 25}
⇒ G = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23}
∴ the given set is finite
∴ the cardinal number = 9
(xi) H = {x : x is a prime factor of 180}
⇒ H = {2, 3, 5}
the given set is finite the cardinal number = 3
(xii) {x: x e N and x is a composite number < 12}
{4, 6, 8, 9, 10} given set is finite cardinal number is = 5
Question 2.
State whether the following pairs of sets are equal or not:
(i) A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, B = {even natural numbers}
(ii) A = {3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13}, B = {odd numbers between 2 and 14}
(iii) A = {PUPPET}, B = {P, U, E, T}
(iv) A = {x | x is a letter in the word SOPHIA}
B = {x | x is a letter in the word MUMTAZ}
(v) A = {kids 5 metres tall}, B = {x : x ϵ N and 2x = 3}.
Solution:
(i) A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
B = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 ………}
∴ A ≠ B
(ii) A = {3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13}
B = {odd numbers between 2 and 14}
⇒ B = {3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13}
∴ A = B
(iii) A = {PUPPET}, B= {P, U, E, T}, then A = B because the elements in a set can be repeated or rearranged.
(iv) A = {x | x is a letter in the word SOPHIA}
⇒ A= {S, O, P, H, I, A}
B = {x |x is a letter in the word MUMTAZ}
⇒ B = {M, U, T, A, Z}
∴ A ≠ B
(v) A = {Kids 5 metres tall}
⇒ A = {} ⇒ A is empty set
B = {x : x ϵ N and 2x = 3}
⇒ B = {} ⇒ B is empty set
∴ A = B
Question 3.
Given that A = {2, 5, 7, 8, 10}, B = {5, 7, 2, x, 10} and A = B, write the value of x.
Solution:
A = {2, 5, 7, 8, 10}
B = {5, 7, 2, x, 10}
∵ A = B
∴ x = 8