Living Science Biology Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 4 Movement in Animals and Plants

ICSE Living Science Biology for Class 7 Solutions Chapter 4 Movement in Animals and Plants

Check Your Progress

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
The types of movement in living beings are …………. and ………..
Answer:
The types of movement in living beings are locomotion and ‘ movements of curvature. ‘

Question 2.
Amoeba have …………. for locomotion.
Answer:
Amoeba have pseudopodia (false feet) for locomotion.

Question 3.
has a single flagellum for its movement.
Answer:
Euglena has a single flagellum for its movement.

Question 4.
Earthworms move with the help of …………. and ………….. muscles.
Answer:
Earthworms move with the help of circular and longitudinal muscles.

Question 5.
The ………….. fins of fish prevent rolling over of.their body.
Answer:
The dorsal and anal fins of fish prevent rolling over of their body.

Question 6.
The ………………. of bats are modified into wings for flying.
Answer:
The forelimbs of bats are modified into wings for flying.

Check Your Progress

Name the following :

Question 1.
Connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones.
Answer:
Tendons –

Question 2.
Type of joints that allow movement in almost all directions.
Answer:
Movable joints.

Question 3.
Type of joint that allows the movement of the head from side to side.
Answer:
Pivot joint

Question 4.
The kind of joint in the human body that has examples of hinge joint and pivot joint.
Answer:
Freely movable joints

Question 5.
Movement in plants in the direction of stimulus.
Answer:
Tropic movements

Question 6.
Movement in plants parts in response to gravitational force.
Answer:
Geotropism.

A. Tick the most appropriate answer.

Question 1.
What are the organs of locomotion in Paramecium ?
a. Cilia
b. Flagellum
c. Pseudopodia
d. Tentacles
Answer:
a. Cilia

Question 2.
Bones are held together by eleastic bands called
a. ligaments
b. tendons
c. cartilages
d. nerves
Answer:
a. ligaments

Question 3.
Which of the following joints allow movement in only one direction ?
a. Ball-and-socket joint
b. Hinge joint
c. Pivot joint
d. Gliding joint
Answer:
b. Hinge joint

Question 4.
The movement of a bone always takes place because of muscular
a. contraction
b. relaxation
c. stretching
d. squeezing
Answer:
a. contraction

Question 5.
In tropic movement, a plant part moves
a. towards the stimulus
b. away from the stimulus
c. either towards or away from stimulus
d. in all directions.
Answer:
c. either towards or away from stimulus

Question 6.
Knee joint is an example of
a. pivot joint
b. hinge joint
c. fixed joint
d. gliding joint
Answer:
b. hinge joint

Question 7.
The movement of parts of a plant towards the source of water is called.
a. thigmotropism
b. phototropism
c. geotropism
d. hydrotropism
Answer:
d. hydrotropism

Question 8.
Roots are
a. positively geotropic but negatively phototropic
b. positively geotropic and positively phototropic
c. negatively geotropic but negatively phototropic
d. negatively geotropic but positively phototropic
Answer:
a. positively geotropic but negatively phototropic

Practice Question 1.
Geotropism is the movement of parts of a plant towards
a. light
b. gravity
c. temperature
d. touch
Answer:
b. gravity

Practice Question 2.
Drooping of leaflets of some plants in evening is called –
a. photonastic movement
b. tropic movement
c. nyctinastic movement
d. seismonastic movement
Answer:
c. nyctinastic movement

B. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
The movement of only some parts of the body is called …………
Answer:
The movement of only some parts of the body is called movement of curvature.

Question 2.
The bony framework that gives shape to the body is called a …………
Answer:
The bony framework that gives shape to the body is called a skeleton.

Question 3.
………….. acts as a shock absorber between two vertebrae.
Answer:
Cartilage acts as a shock absorber between two v vertebrae.

Question 4.
The point where two or more bones meet is called a …………
Answer:
The point where two or more bones meet is called a joint.

Question 5.
A ………… muscle contracts and results in moving a part towards the body.
Answer:
A Flexor muscle contracts and results in moving a part towards the body.

Question 6.
Movement of shoots away from gravity is an example of ………….
Answer:
Movement of shoots away from gravity is an example of negative geotropism.

Practice Question 1.
A ………….. joint allows movements in all directions.
Answer:
A Ball and Socket joint allows movements in all directions.

Practice Question 2.
Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones by
Answer:
Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones by Tendons.

Practice Question 3.
hold bones together at movable joints.
Answer:
Ligaments hold bones together at movable joints.

Practice Question 4.
Growth in response to touch is called
Answer:
Growth in response to touch is called thigmotropism. ;

C. Match the name of the organism given in column A with the organs of movement given in column B

Column A (organism)	Column B (organs of movement)
1. earthworm	a. limbs
2. insects	b. fins
3. Hydra	c. wings, legs
4. fish	d. muscles, setae
5. mammals	e. tentacles

Answer:

Column A (organism)	Column B (organs of movement)
1. earthworm	d. muscles, setae
2. insects	c. wings, legs
3. Hydra	e. tentacles
4. fish	b. fins
5. mammals	a. limbs

D. Differentiate between

Question 1.
movement and locomotion.
Answer:
Movement :
Movement is to move from one place to another place or to move only some body parts, e.g. movement of hand, legs etc.

Locomotion :
Locomotion is the movement of the entire body of an organism from one place to another place.

Question 2.
tendons and ligaments.
Answer:
Tendons :

• Tendons are tough and non-elastic tissues
• Attaches muscles to bones
• Tendons help in contr – action and relaxation of muscles.

Ligaments :

• Ligaments are strong and elastic tissue
• Attaches bones to bones.
• Ligaments helps in movement of bones by stretching and relaxing.

Question 3.
thigmotropism and thigmonasty
Answer:
Thigmotropism

•  It is a tropic movement in response to the stimulus of touch.
• The direction of response is dependent on the direction of the stimulus.
•  Example : Climbing plants like money plant and grapevines coil around any object they touch in whichever direction thestimulus came from.

Thigmonasty :

• It is a nastic movement in response to the stimulus of touch.
• It is independent of the direction of stimulus.
• Example : Leaflets of touch me not plant droop when touched from any side.

Question 4.
a pivot joint and a hinge joint.
Answer:
Pivot joint :

•  It allows rotating move – ment from side to side.
• Pivot joint is present in the first and the second vertebrae in the neck.

Hinge joint :

• It allows movement in only one direction.
• It is present in knee and elbow.

Question 5.
tropic movement and nastic movement
Answer:
Tropic movement :

• In these movements a plant part groves and moves either towards the stimulus or away from it.
• The direction of response is dependent on the direction of the stimulus.
• Phototropism, geotropism, hydrotropism, thigmot- ropism are tropic movements.

Nastic movement :

• These movements occur in response to environmental stimuli
• The direction of response is independent of the direction of stimulus.
• Seismonastic movement, photonastic movement, nyctinastic movement are nastic movements.

E. State if the following statements are true or false. Correct the statement if it is false.

Question 1.
An earthworm has two groups of muscles.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
All vertebrates have a skeleton.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The human skull has many movable joints.
Answer:
False. The human skull has many fixed joints.

Question 4.
A pivot joint is present between the first and the second vertebrae in the neck.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Cardiac muscles are attached to the bones.
Answer:
False. Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones.

F. Given below is a list of various body parts. Name the type of joints present in these parts, hip, lower jaw, finger, toes, knee, elbow, shoulder, neck, skull.

Hip – Ball and socket joint
Lower jaw – Slightly movable joint.
Finger – Hinge joint
Toes – Hinge joint
Knee – Hinge joint
Elbow – Hinge joint/Pivot joint
Shoulder – Ball and socket joint
Neck – Pivot joint
Skull – Fixed joint

G. Answer the following in short.

Question 1.
How does locomotion help animals ?
Answer:
It is the movement of entire body of an organism from one place to another. Movements like walking, running, flying, swimming, crawling shown by animals and microorganisms is locomotion. Locomotion helps the organisms in several ways :

• It helps the animals to move from one place to another place in search of food, water and shelter.
• It helps the animals to move away from their predators.
• During unfavourable conditions of environment it helps them to move to a favourable one.
• It helps them to move about to find their partner or mate for reproduction.
• It helps them to move to safe areas to lay egg or to give birth to young ones and bring them up.

Question 2.
Name two types of movements shown by living beings.
Answer:
The two types of movements shown by living beings are :

• Locomotion : It is the movement of the entire body of an organism from one place to another place.
• Movement of curvature : It is the movement of only body parts, that is the curvature of body is changed.

Question 3.
What are the organs of locomotion in a bat ?
Answer:
Forelimbs are modified into wings in bats which are used for flying (locomotion).

Question 4.
How does Euglena move ?
Answer:
Euglena has a single flagellum, it helps the Englena in movement. This type of movement is called flagellar locomotion. The following whips back and forth and propels the organism in forward direction.

Question 5.
What is a flapping flight in birds ?
Answer:
In flapping flight in bird, the wings are moved up and down. There are two movements in flapping flight – the upstroke and the downstroke. In downstroke the wing surface beats on the air pressure is increased below the wings which helps to move upward and forward. During upstroke the wings are slightly rotated and air passes readily through them.

Question 6.
Name the types of connective tissue in human skeletal system ?
Answer:
The three types of connective tissues in human skeletal system are :

• tendons : tough and non-elastic tissue which attaches muscles to bones.
• ligaments : strong and elastic tissue which attaches bones to bones.
• cartilage : found wherever two or more bones come together. It works as cushions between the bones there by preventing them from nibbing against each other.

H. Answer the following in detail.

Question 1.
How does Hydra move ? Explain with the help suitable diagrams.
Answer:
Hydra is a multicellular organisms which moves with the help of tentacles. Looping and somersaulting movement help it to move. In looping movement, the foot of Hydra remains attached to the surface and body bends over till the tentacles touch or get attached to the surface. Now the foot releases its hold and get placed close to the tentacles. The tentacles get released and the Hydra straightens itself.

During somersaulting movement the foot of the Hydra remains attached to the surface and body bends till the tentacles touches foe surface. The foot releases its hold and the body of Hydra straightens out. Now the Hydra stands on its tentacles. The process is repeatea, and the Hydra moves forward.

a. Looping movement

b. Locomotion in Hydra

Question 2.
How do muscles help in wave-like motion in earthworms ?
Answer:
Earthworm do not have skeleton. It moves by the action of muscles. It has two groups of muscles, Circular muscles and lengthwise muscles. They also have hair like setae that act as an anchor so that earthworm can push or pull their bodies. The circular muscles are like a set of rings that surrounds the earthworm. When circular muscles contract the body gets longer and narrower. When the lengthwise muscles contract body gets f licker and shorter. The action of these two muscles, aided by setae, causes a wave-like motion that moves the earthworm through the soil.

Question 3.
How does a fish swim in water ?
Answer:
Muscles, fins and tail help the fish to swim. Fish have two types of fins – paired and unpaired. Pectoral and pelvic fins are paired fins. Dorsal, ventral and tail fins are unpaired fins. Fish can move on either side of the backbone with the help of fins. The muscles contract from one side and expand on other side. This moves the body of fish from side to side in a zig-zag pattern. As the tail fin moves along with the body in a zig-zag pattern, it pushes against the water. This force pushes the fish’s body forward.

The paired fins help the fish to swim in upward and downward direction. They also help to slow down or stop. The balance of the body while swimming is maintained by the unpaired fins. The streamlined body (narrow in front and broader in middle) also helps them in their movement in water. This reduces water resistance and enables the fish to glide along the water.

Question 4.
Describe how the triceps and biceps work together to bend the arm up and straighten it.
Answer:
Bones cannot move by themselves, skeletal muscles help them to move. Body movement in human beings is the result of bones and muscles working together. Bones are attached to the skeletal muscles by tendons. Skeletal muscles work in pair but in opposite direction to cause movement. They are called antagonistic muscles. Biceps and triceps muscles are antagonistic muscles, that work together as a pair to raise and lower the arm. The biceps contracts’and rpul Is the lower arm upwards.

When the biceps contract the triceps relaxes. The triceps contract to straighten the arm. The shortening of the triceps pulls the lower ami downwards. When triceps contract the biceps relaxes.

Question 5.
How is the movement in plants different from that in animals ? .
Answer:
Movements of plants and animals are very different :
Plant movement :

• Plants cannot move from one place to other.
• Plants respond towards source of stimulus or away from it.
• Plants do not show these types of movements.

Animal movement :

• Animals move away from one place to other in search of food, water and shelter.
• Animals do not show these types of movements.
• Animals can shift fitm an unfavoumble environment to a favourable one

Question 6.
What are tropic movements ? Explain various types of tropic movements.
Answer:
Tropic movements : In tropic movements plants show movements towards the source of stimulus or away from it. These responses to stimulus comes from one direction. Tropic movements are of different type according to the type of stimulus a plant receives. These are as :

(a) Phototropism : In this a plant part moves in response to light. The plants which show movements towards the source of light are said to positively phototropic. Stem is positively phototropic as it grows towards light. The part of plant that grows away from the source of light is called negatively phototropic e.g. Root. It grows away from light, for fig. check the fig. given below in answer, (b).

(b) Gcotropism : In this, a plant part responds towards the gravity. The part of plant that grow towards gravity is
called positively geotropic e.g. Roots. The part of plant that grow away from the gravity is said to be negatively geotropic e.g. stem.

(c) Hydrotropism : In this, the parts of a plant respond towards moisture. The part of a plant that grows towards moisture is said to be positively hydrotropic, e.g. root grow towards moisture, it ensures- that roots will be near the water available in the soil. A paxt of plant that grows away from the source of moisture is said to be negatively hydrotropic.

(d) Thigmotropism : In this, part of plant respond to stimulus of touch. Climbing or twinning plants, such as grapevine grows around solid objects like tree trunks. It is the stimulus of touch that helps tendrils of these plants move.

Question 7.
How is phototropism different from hydrotropism ? Explain with one example of each.
Answer:
Phototropism :

•  It is the movement of plant part in response to light.
• Plant part which grows towards light is called positively phototropic while which grows away from light is called negatively phototropic.
• Example : A stem is positively phototropic since it grows towards light

Hydrotropism :

• It is the movement of plant part in response to moisture.
• Plant part which grows towards the source of moisture is called positively hydrotropic while which grows away from source of moisture is called negatively hydrotropic.
• Example : Roots are positively hydrotropic since it grows towards moisture.

Question 8.
Name the types of movement in plants caused by change in light, moisture, and gravity.
Answer:
(a) The movements caused in plants due to light is called phototropism.
(b) The movements caused in plants due moisture is called
hydrotropism.
(c) The movements caused in plants due to gravity is called geotropism.

Question 9.
What are nastic movements ? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Nastic movements : In this a plant part show response to environmental stimuli. Unlike tropic movements, the direction of response is independent of direction of the stimulus. Leaves and petals show these type of movements caused
by external stimuli like touch, light and temperature. Different types of nastic movements are :
(a) Seismonastic movement : When the leaves of touch me- not, are touched they droop down from any side. This type of nastic movements is called seismonastic movements.
(b) Photonastic movements : The opening of leaves leaflets or petals in the morning when the sunlight appears is called photonastic movements.
(c) Nyctinastic movements : The drooping of leaflets of some plants in the evening is called nyctinastic movement

I. Unscramble the following letters to find various types of movements in plants.

1. GOOSTIPERM
2. TIDYHROMORPS
3. MPTTOHOORIPS
4. NTAHSITGYMO
5. TNINYCSAYT
6. PTSYHAONOT
Answer:
1. GOOSTIPERM -GEOTROPISM
2. TIDYHROMORPS – HYDROTROPISM
3. MPTTOHOORIPS – PHOTOTROPISM
4. NTAHSITGYMO – NYCTINASTY
5. TNINYCSAYT – THIGMONASTY
6. PTSYHAONOT – PHOTONASTY

J. Look at the diagram of the muscles of arm in bent position.

Answer the questions given below.

Question 1.
Which muscles contract when the arm is bent at the elbow ?
Answer:
Biceps contract

Question 2.
What does the contraction of the muscles lead to ?
Answer:
Movement

Question 3.
Which muscles are in a relaxed state in the diagram ?
Answer:
Triceps

Question 4.
Name the type of movable joint in the elbow.
Answer:
Hinge joint and pivot joint

Question 5.
How are muscles attached to the bones ?
Answer:
By tendons

K. Draw the diagram of a fish and label its different types of fins.
Answer:

L. Draw the diagram of a ball and socket joint.
Answer:

practice Question 1.
Given below is a list of various body parts. Name the joints present in these parts, finger, toes, knee, elbow, shoulder, hip, neck, skull
Answer:
Hinge joint – finger, toes, knee, elbow.
Ball and socket joint – shoulder, hip,
Pivot joint – neck
Fixed joint – skull

Living Science Biology Class 7 ICSE Solutions