ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank Chapter 9 Mineral and Energy Resources 2

ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank Chapter 9 Mineral and Energy Resources 2

Questions Based on Conventional Sources of Energy

I. Short Answer Questions:

Question 1.
What are conventional sources of energy?
Answer:
Conventional sources of energy are those which have been used by man for a long time and are still being tapped and used abundantly. These include coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydel power.

Question 2.
Name the quality of Gondwana Coal reserves.
Answer:
Gondwana Coal is almost free from moisture and contains sulphur and phosphorus in small variable quantities.

Question 3.
Name the Coalfield in West Bengal.
Answer:
Raniganj is the Coalfield in West Bengal.

Question 4.
Name two main coal bearing areas of India.
Answer:
West Bengal – Raniganj, Jharkhand – Jharia

Question 5.
Name two States that have huge deposits of the Gondwana coal.
Answer:
West Bengal, Jharkhand.

Question 6.
Name two industries that use high quantity of coal.
Answer:

1. It is used in metal industries in blast furnace especially in smelting iron.
2. In thermal power station to produce electricity.

Question 7.
Name one important area that has large coal deposits in the States of Jharkhand and West Bengal.
Answer:
Jharia in Jharkhand and Raniganj in West Bengal.

Question 8.
Which variety of coal is popular for domestic use? Give a reason for your answer.
Answer:
Anthracite : It is the best quality of coal and contains over 80% carbon. It is very hard, compact jet black coal having a semi-metallic lustre. It has the highest heating value and burns without smoke or soot, which makes it suitable for domestic use in India.

Question 9.
Name one important oilfield in India.
Answer:
Mumbai High, Digboi, Ankaleshwar and Navagaon are the important oilfields in India.

Question 10.
Name the two main belts of India where oil is found.
Answer:
The entire oil production of India so fat comes from the Assam-Arakan belt, the Gujarat Cambay belt and the Mumbai High off shore zone.

Question 11.
Where is the oldest oil-field located in India.
Answer:
Digboi in Assam is the oldest oil-field in India.

Question 12.
Why is petroleum called ‘liquid gold’?
Answer:
There is not even a tiniest part of crude petroleum which goes waste or remains unused. That is why petroleum is called ‘liquid gold’.

Question 13.
Which state is the largest producer of mineral oil?
Answer:
Assam state.

Question 14.
Name two coastal and two inland oil-refineries in India.
Answer:

1. Two coastal oil refineries:- Kochi (BPCH), Chennai (IOC).
2. Two inland oil refineries:- Diglaoi (IOL), Trombay (BPCL).

Question 15.
What is Natural Gas? Name two variants of natural gas.
Answer:
Natural gas occurs in association with mineral oil. Therefore, an oilfield yields natural gas almost invariably. It is mainly composed of methane (95%) with small amounts of propane and ethane. It is a fossil fuel.

• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG):
  The gas supplied for household use is called LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and is a by-product obtained after refining crude oil.
• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG):
  It is being used as an alternative to petrol and diesel for transport of vehicles. Delhi has totally switched over to CNG where buses and autorickshaws run on this fuel.

Question 16.
Mention any two advantages of hydel power.
Answer:

1. Hydel power is a clean, non-polluting source of energy. The water used does not contaminate air or water by producing harmful wastes or poisnous bi-products.
2. It does not produce any Greenhouse Gases and prevents us
3. It is a renewable sources of energy which can be used again
4. The dams built to produce hydroelectricity help to save and restore water.

Question 17.
Where is the Bhakra Nangal Dam located?
Answer:
The Bhakra Nangal Project is a joint venture of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan Governments.

Question 18.
Where is Hirakud Dam located. Give any three of its uses.
Answer:
Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 km from Sambalpur in Odisha.
The lam regulates the flow of the Mahan di River and produces hydroelectricity through several hydroelectric plants.
The dam helps control floods in the Mahanacli delta and irrigates 75,000 square kilometres of land.

II. Give geographical reasons for each of the following:

Questions
(a) Anthracite is used for domestic purposes
(b) Oil refineries are located close to oil fields or near ports.
(c) The location of coal fields is an important factor in industrial development
Answer:
Geographical reason:
(a) Anthracite is used for domestic purposes because it bums slowly, without smoke or soot, less ash and less residues.
(b) Oil refineries are located close to oil fields or near ports because it saves on transportation costs when oil is imported.
(c) The location of coal fields is an important factor in industrial development because coal is a bulky commodity with a low specific value and therefore transportation over long distances involves high costs.

III. Structured questions:

Question 1.
(a) Why does India have to import oil?
Answer:
India is deficient in Petroleum, so India have to import oil.

(b) Name one refinery which belongs to the private sector and one in the public sector.
Answer:
Jamnagar refinery belongs to the private sector.
Guwahati refinery (Assam) belongs to the public sector.

(c) Name the two coastal oil-refineries, one on the west coast of India and the other on east coast of India? Name one inland oil refinery. List the sources of crude oil for these refineries.
Answer:
The two coastal oil-refineries are as follows:

• Koyali Refinery (IOC).
  It refines and processes crude from Ankleshwar oilfields and others in Northern Gujarat.
• Digboi refinery (IOC).
  It is India’s oldest refinery in eastern region. It gets crude oil from Moran and Naharkatiya field.
  Inland refinery: Mumbai High is the inland oil field refinery.

(d) Where are the deposits of Petroleum normally located? Why is called ‘liquid gold’?
Answer:
The entire oil production of India so far comes from the Assam- Arakan belt, the Gujarat-Cambay belt and the Bombay High offshore zone. The first belt runs from extreme north-east of Assam to the eastern border of the Brahmaputra and Surma valley. The second belt extends from Mahesana (Gujarat) in the north to the continental shelf off the coast of Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) in the south.

There is not even a tiniest part of crude petroleum which goes waste or remains unused. That is why petroleum is called ‘liquid gold’.
Or
Petroleum is referred to as liquid gold because of its scarcity and diversified uses.

Question 2.
(a) Why is coal often used near the source of its mining whereas mineral oil is transported to great distances?
Answer:
Coal is often used near the source of production because most of the industries are situated near the coal fields whereas oil refineries are situated very much far away from oil fields that’s why minerals oil is transported to great distances.

(b) What is Mumbai High? What is Sagar Samrat?
Answer:
‘Mumbai High’ is the large oil deposit 176 km away from Mumbai in Arabean sea.
‘Sagar Samrat’ is a self-profelled jack-up type drilling platform, extracting oil from the depth over 1400 metres.

(c) Name the region in which India’s main coal fields are located ? What is the quality of coal found here? What are its uses?
Answer:
The oldest coalfield in India is in Raniganj in West Bengal and the largest coalfield is in Jharia in Jharkhand.

Quality of coal found in India are:
In India, coal occurs in rock sequences mainly of two geological ages, namely, Gondwana, little over 200 million years in age and in Tertiary deposits which were found at a much later geological epoch, i. e., about 55 million years ago.

India does not have extensive deposits of the highest grade (90% carbon) anthracite coal. The coal of the Gondwana fields, that is, mainly of bituminous quality (50% to 80% of carbon) is mostly available in India.

Ueses :
Coal is used in bulk in India in the following three ways:

• In the generation of thermal power.
• In iron and steel industry.
• In brass foundries.

(d) The cost of building a dam is very high but its advantages for outweigh its cost. Justify.
Answer:

• Hydel power is a clean, non-polluting source of energy. The water used does not contaminate air or water by producing harmful wastes or poisnous bi-products.
• It does not produce any Greenhouse Gases and prevents us from the harmful effects of Global Warming.
• It is a renewable sources of energy which can be used again and again.
• The dams built to produce hydroelectricity help to save and restore water.
• It is çpnoinica1 and sustainable as it saves on fossil fuels and is cheaper an electricity pro4uced from fossil fuels and nuclear power.

Questions Based on Non-Conventional Sources of Energy

I. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are non-conventional sources of energy?
Answer:
Non-Conventional sources of energy are those which have been developed in the recent past as an alternative to conventional sources of energy. These include solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, nuclear energy and biogas. They are renewable and therefore, inexhaustible, non- poluting, less expensive and easy to maintain.

Question 2.
State two differences between conventional and non- conventional sources of energy.
Answer:

Conventional sources of energy	Non-Conventional sources of energy
(i) These are those sources which have been in use from ages.	These sources have generally been identified in the recent past.
(ii) These are non-renewable sources of energy.	These are renewable sources of energy.
(iii) These are going to last long just for 100-200 years.	These are going to last long forever.
(iv) These cause air and water pollution.	These do not cause any pollution.
(v) These are very expensive to be maintained, stored and transmitted e.g. coal, mineral oil, natural gas, atomic power, water.	These are less expensive or cheap due to local used easy to be maintained e.g. solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy, geothermal energy.

Question 3.
How is India in an advantageous position to harness solar energy?
Answer:
The advantageous position to harness solar energy in India due to following:
(i) Location of India:
India is fortunate enough to receive higher amount of solar energy, equivalent to 5,000 trillion kWh per year. This is because of India’s location on the Tropic of Cancer. Most parts of the country have 300 clear sunny days in a year and per hour per square km availability of solar energy is between 5 to 7 kW.

(ii) Thar desert :
India has desert which can become solar powerhouse of India.

(iii) Different uses :
Solar energy can be used for cooking, pumping water, refrigerator, and street lighting. So its demand will increase in future.

(iv) Developing country:
India is a developing country so there is every possibility of increase in consumption of power.

Question 4.
Name any three devices used to harness solar energy.
Answer:
The devices used to harness solar energy are:
(i) Solar cells/photovoltaic cells:
It converts sunlight directly into electricity.
Uses:
Calculators, electronic watches, street lighting, traffic signals, water pumps etc.

(ii) Solar cooker :
Solar cooker use solar heat by reflecting the solar radiations using a mirror on to a glass sheet which covers the black insulated box, with black paint inside for efficient absorption of light.
Use:
For making food.

(iii) Solar water heater:
Sunlight is allowed to fall on the flat-plate collectors, which are shallow rectangular trays filled with water and it consist of an insulated box painted black from inside and having a glass lid to collect and store solar heat.
Use:
Water heating.

Question 5.
Name the device used to harness wind energy.
Answer:
Windmill or wind turbine is used to harness wind energy. A number of windmills are installed in a definite pattern in clusters called wind farms. They generate amount of electricity.

Question 6.
Give two advantages of using wind energy.
Answer:
The advantages of using wind energy are following:

• Wind energy is a renewable source of energy which can be produced again and again.
• It is the cleanest form of renewable energy which produces no pollution.
• It reduces our dependence on fossil fuels.

Question 7.
State two advantages of using tidal energy.
Answer:
The advantages of using tidal energy are following:

• There are no carbon emissions from tidal energy plant, making it an energy source that does not negatively affect the global environment.
• Tidal energy can be produced even if the water moves at low speed.
• Tides are controlled by the gravitational pull between the earth, sun and moon. This means that as the earth is being orbited by the moon, the tides will continue to be there producing energy and tidal energy is an inexhaustible source of energy.

Question 8.
What is geothermal energy? How is geothermal energy used to produce electricity?
Answer:
Geothermal energy: Geothermal energy is the heat contained in the rock and fluid that fills the fractures and pores within the rock in the earth’s crust. It is clean and sustainable.

Generation of Geothermal Energy :
Resources of Geothermal Energy range from the shallow ground to steam; hot water and hot rock accessed by drilling wells up to thousands of feet beneath the earth’s surface. The extremely high temperatures in the deeper geothermal reservoirs are used for the generation of electricity. The high pressure steam spins a turbine that rotates a generator and produces electricity.

Hot water is pumped from deep underground through a well under high pressure. When the water reaches the surface, the pressure is dropped, which causes the water to turn into steam. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity. The steam cools off in a cooling tower and condenses back to water. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the process again.

Question 9.
What is nuclear power?
Answer:
Nuclear power: Nuclear power is obtained from energy stored in the nuclei of atoms of naturally occuring radioactive elements like Uranium, Thorium and Plutonium.

Question 10.
What is biogas?
Answer:
Biogas: It is an energy gas which is produced from the organic waste such as farm waste, shrubs, animal and human waste.

• It is a non-conventional source of energy.
• It has higher thermal efficiency in comparison to kerosene, cowding, coal and charcoal.

II. Structured Questions

Question 1.
(a) Why are non-conventional sources of energy preferred to conventional sources of energy?
Answer:
The non-conventional sources of energy preferred to conventional sources of energy due to following reasons:
(i) Environmental Friendly:
The conventional energy resources other than hydropower, are non-eco-friendly resources they release huge carbon emission while non-conventional resources do not cause any pollution.

(ii) Cost and Maintainence:
The maintainence of the conventional sources of energy is very expensive and they are transporated in tankers and pipelines, petroleum spills at sea can have an adverse effect on marine life on other hand non-conventional sources are cheap and easy to maintain it.

(iii) Abundance of Renewable Energy resource :
India is a tropical country so it has enormous possibilities of trapping solar and wind energy. While conventional sources of energy are non-renewable except hydropower.

(b) State briefly how the sun’s energy can be used to generate power.
Answer:
Solar photovoltaic systems and solar collectors are being used for powering.

Solar cells:
They are known as photovoltaic cells. Solar cells are made of thin wafers of semi conductor materials from silicon and gallium. When the sun’s radiations strike on them, the sun’s energy is converted into electricity.
A group of solar cells join together in a solar panel can give out a large amount of solar energy and can produce electricity. Solar cells are widely used in rural, forest, hilly and desert areas for lighting, power of railway signalling rural telecommunication system etc.

(c) How is wind energy generated to produce electricity?
Answer:
The wind energy is obtained by making use of windmills. The blades of the windmill rotate due to the force of the wind. Wind mills or wind turbines constructed to capture the wind’s kinetic energy in a rotor consisting of two or more blades mechanically coupled to an electrical generator that converts kinetic energy to mechanical or electrical energy using suitable devices.

(d) What are the benefits of installing wind turbines?
Answer:
The turbines are mounted on tall tower to enhance the energy
capture. Numbers of wind turbines are installed at one site to build a wind farm of the desired power generation capacity.

Question 2.
(a) What are the advantages of using geothermal energy?
Answer:
Advantages of using geothermal energy are following:

• It is easily accessible because of its extensive distribution.
• It is environment friendly in nature; has low emission of sulphur, Carbondioxide.
• It is independent of external supply and demand effects and fluctuations in exchange rates.
• It is independent of weather and season.

(b) Name two places in India where geothermal plants are located?
Answer:
Two projects have been set up in India to harness geothermal energy.

• One of them is located in Paravati Valley near Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh.
• The other project is located in the Puga Valley of Ladakh region in Jammu and Kashmir.

(c) How is biogas produced? What are the chemical components of biogas?
Answer:
Generation of Biogas:
A digester tank is placed underground. The digester tank receives the dung-water mixture through inlet pipe while the other side discharges the spent slurry through outlet pipe. In the digester tank, there is a gas outlet which is controlled by a pipe. Waste Recycling and Resources Recovery Programmes (WRRSE) are now being used from the organic plant waste and night soil. This helps in improving the sanitary conditions in our cities and villages.
The plant generate enriched organic manure useful for supplementing chemical fertilisers.

Chemical components of biogas:
The chemical components of Biogas is composed of methane, Carbondioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide. It is produced by anaerobic degradation of animal and plant wastes in the presence of bacteria.

(d) What are the advantages of using biogas?
Answer:
The advantages of using Biogas are following:

• Biogas is a clean, non-polluting and cheap.
• There is direct supply of gas from the plant. Therefore, there is no storage problem.
• The sludge left behind is a rich fertiliser containing bacterial biomass.

ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank