ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank Chapter 17 Waste Management – Need for Management of Waste

Questions Based on Waste Management
Need for Management of Waste

I. Short Answer Questions :

Question 1.
Name three diseases which occur because of waste accumulation on land.
Answer:
Dengue, malaria and yellow fever.

Question 2.
Name two diseases which are spread through pet animals.
Answer:
Rabies, anthrax.

Question 3.
Name three water-borne diseases.
Answer:
Cholera, thread warm and diarrhoea.

Question 4.
Name two common diseases caused as a result of gaseous pollution.
Answer:
Lung cancer, Asthma, Bronchitis.

Question 5.
How does acid rain effect humans?
Answer:
Acid rain effect on humans are:
(a) Acid rain poses a serious threat to human health, since it contaminates air and water.
(b) Acid rain affects the human nervous system by causing neurological diseases.

Question 6.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, CFCs and methane.

Question 7.
Where is the Ozone layer found in the atmosphere? What role does the Ozone layer play to protect life on earth?
Answer:
In the second layer, the Stratosphere which lies at the height of 20 km to 50 km from Earth’s surface, lies the Ozone layer although its density is very low. In spite of its low density, the Ozone layer plays an important role in our life.

Role of Ozone layer in the Atmosphere :
ozone layer acts as a blanket in the atmosphere by absorbing harmful UV rays coming from the sun and prevents them from reaching the earth ozone absorbs UV radiations of comparatively longer wave length forming oxygen molecule and oxygen atom
ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank Chapter 6 8
Thus it protects the life on earth from harmful effects of Ultra Violet Rays. Which can cause (a) Skin cancer (b) destroy many organic species necessary for life.

Question 8.
Explain briefly the need for management of waste.
Answer:
Nature has recycled waste materials for millions of years. However, human population has increased so rapidly during the last century that the environment is now threatened by our activities and the wastes they produce. Much damage is done to the environment by the pollution of air, degradation of soils and contamination of water sources such as rivers, lakes etc. if we do not learn to use our resources carefully and to reduce waste, we will not be able to survive. There is a close connection between waste, pollution and the damage to the environment.

Waste causes pollution, which in turn causes the damage. Hence, there is an urgent need for management of waste.

II. Structured Questions

Question 1.
(a) Explain the dangers which pose a serious threat to the ecosystem because of waste accumulation.
Answer:
The following dangers, posed by global pollution due to accumulation of wastes, threaten the survival of the ecosystem and call for the need to manage waste.

Transmission of Diseases
Waste on Land :
Various diseases spread on an epidemic scale due to waste accumulation on land and water bodies. Vectors like flies, mosquitoes, rodents aid pet animals transmit these diseases. The waste is a breeding ground for such vectors. Hence, there is an urgent need to manage waste disposal in an effective manner. Here is a ist of common diseases spread by mosquitoes, flies, rodents and pet animals.

  • Housefly : Typhoid, diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, gastroenteritis, etc.
  • Sand fly: Kala-azar, sandfly fever, etc.
  • Tsetse fly : Sleeping sickness.
  • Mosquitoes : Malaria, filaria, yellow fever, dengue, chickangunia, encephalitis, etc.
  • Rodents : Plague, salmonellosis, etc.
  • Pet animals :
    • Dog- Rabies, hydrated diseases, etc.
    • Cat – Dermatophytosis, anthrax, etc.

Waste in Water:
Water without human interference is in its pure form. Industrialisation and urbanisation pollute water in the following manner.

  • Sewage contains organic matter that cannot be decomposed. Besides, the sewage has pathogenic agents.
  • Industrial and commercial waste has toxic agents including metal salts and complex synthetic organic chemicals.
  • Fertilizers and pesticides produce pollutants.
  • There are also other pollutants like radioactive substances. Human beings are affected by pollution:
    • by drinking contaminated water,
    • by using contaminated water for purposes of personal hygiene and recreation.

(b) What is Greenhouse Effect? How is it related to Global Warming?
Answer:
The rate of absorption of solar radiation by earth and its emission back into space as infra-red waves balances the heat on earth. This phenomenon plays a very important role in maintaining surface temperature of earth. The carbon dioxide and other gases form a blanket around the globe which prevent the passage of infra-red waves from earth back into space.

Concentration of solar radiation produces much heat, making earth a very warm place. This phenomenon is similar to that of greenhouse in which the glass enclosed area gets heated up due to its insulation from the rest of the environment. Hence, warming of the atmosphere is due to the greenhouse effect. Hence, Global Warming is also known as Greenhouse Effect.

(c) State the consequences of Global Wanning.
Answer:
(i) Global temperature is likely rise by 2 to 5°C during the next century. Due to rise in temperature by 2 to 5°C, there is a chance of melting of ice caps on Earth’s poles. This melting of ice will result in the rise of the sea level. Large stretches of low lying areas will submerge and many island countries will face deep encroachment by sea water. Some may disappear altogether.

(ii) As the increase in temperature will be uniform all over the surface of the world, there will be serious climatic changes. This will bring various changes in wind and rain patterns.

(iii) Higher temperature will cause rise in transpiration, which in turn, will affect the groundwater table.

(iv) As the climatic belts shift from equator towards pole, the vegetation would also shift away from the equator.

(v) Insects and pests will increase in the warmer climatic conditions. Thus, pathogenic diseases will multiply.

(d) What is the effect of pollution on soil?
Answer:
Acid rain removes Basic Ingredients like calcium and potassium losing their fertility. In this way damages the forests.

Question 2.
(a) What are the causes of depletion of the Ozone layer?
Answer:
Chemicals responsible for ozone destruction free radical chlorine (Cl) and nitrioxide (NO) are responsible for ozone depletion i.e. react with Or Free radical chlorine (Cl) is produced by UV rays from chlorofluorocarbons CFCs enter the atmosphere because of excessive use as solvents, Aerosol, Spray, Propellants, Refrigerants and blowing agents for plastic foams.
ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank Chapter 6 9
Cl(g) + O3 (g) → ClO(g) + O2(g)
ClO (g) further reacts with atomic (chlorine monoxide) oxygen and produce more chlorine free radical
ClO(g) + O(g) → Cl(g) + O2(g)
again [Cl] free radical destroys more O3
NO(g) produced by burning fuel of planes react with O3
NO(g) + O3(g) → NO2(g) + O2 (g)
N02(g) reacts with more of O3
N02 (g) + O3(g) → NO3 (g) + O2 (g)
Hence O3 layer gets depleted.

(b) Explain briefly the need to check the depletion of Ozone layer?
Answer:
A hole has been observed in the Ozone layer in the stratosphere near Antarctica. This hole allows the ultraviolet rays of the sun to reach Earth directly without any obstacle or filtration. These ultraviolet rays cause skin cancer and cataract in the eyes of human beings.

The ultraviolet rays cause genetic disorders which ultimately affect heredity. Increased concentration of ultraviolet rays disturb ecological balance in marine ecosystem.

(c) What is Acid Rain? How is it caused?
Answer:
“When oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen of air come in contact with water of rain they form corresponding adds and constitute Acid Rain”.
Causes of Acid Rain :
“The cause of acid rain is the formation of mineral acids like nitric acid, sulphuric acid and carbonic acid”.

(d) What are the consequences of Acid Rain?
Answer:

  • Acid rain removes Basic Ingredients like calcium and potassium losing their fertility. In this way damages the forests.
  • Makes the water of lakes and rivers acidic which may no longer support aquatic life.
  • Acid rain cause extensive damage to buildings and monuments or marble, lime stone, slate, mortar etc. These materials become pitted and weakened merchanically.

The Taj Mahal is one such example :
CaCO3 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
CaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O

  • It increases corrosion of metals like iron.
  • It damages leaves of plants and trees
  • It affects a person’s breathing, irritates the upper respiratory tract and injurs lung tissues.

ICSE Geography Class 10 Question Bank

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