ICSE Class 10 Geography Goyal Brothers Solutions Chapter 16 Waste Management – Impact of Waste Accumulation
Question 1.
What is meant by spoilage of landscape? How does it affect the environment?
Answer:
Spoilage of landscape refers to inefficient and improper management of accumulated waste.
It pollutes the environment and leads to health hazards. The decaying waste matter becomes the breeding ground for all sort of insects, flies and mosquitoes in over crowd residential are as where it may spread infectous diseases.
Question 2.
What is meant by pollutant? Give two examples of air pollution.
Answer:
Pollutant: Substances causing pollution called pollutants.
Examples of Air Pollution:
- Ash from the volcanic eruptions.
- Carbon monoxide from motor vehicles.
- Exhaust or sulphur dioxide from factories.
Question 3.
Name two diseases caused by air pollution.
Answer:
Diseases caused by air pollution are:
- Asthma
- Irritation of respiratory diminished lung function.
Question 4.
What is meant by eutrophication? How does it affect aquatic life?
Answer:
Water pollution gives use to eutrophication. It is the process of depletion of oxygen from water bodies occurring either naturally or due to human activities. The process of eutrophication takes place due to introduction of nutrients and chemicals through discharge of domestic sewage, industrial effluents and fertilizers from agricultural field. Algae and phytoplankton use carbon dioxide, inorganic nitrogen and phosphate from the water as food.
They serve as food for microscopic animals (zooplankton). Small fish feed on these zooplanktons and large fish in turns consume these small fish. When nutrients become abundant due to waste accumulation, the growth of phytoplankton and algae increases. Consequently, the penetration of oxygen, light and heat into the waterbody is reduced. This causes death of most of the aquatic organisms, draining water of all its oxygen,
Question 5.
Name the disease caused by mercury contamination in Japan.
Answer:
Minamata disease caused by mercury contamination in Japan.
Question 6.
What affect does the burning of organic waste has on environment?
Answer:
Burning of organic waste has following affects on the environment:
- It causes pollution.
- It causes many harmful diseases like respiratory problems and even caused cancer.
- Some chemicals like cyanides, polychlorinated piphenyls are highly toxic and exposure to them leads to disease or death.
- Burning of organic waste can affect human health, children most vulnerable to these pollutants as the direct exposure leads to chemical poisoning.
Question 7.
Name any three diseases caused due to water pollution?
Answer:
Diseases caused to water pollution are :
Skin rashes, nausea, stomach ailments and cancer.
Question 8.
What is meant by biomagnification?
Answer:
The term Biomagnification means increasing die concentration of various toxic substances along the food chain. Toxic substances at the level of primary producers get concentrated at each trophic level as they move up the food chain.
Question 9.
How is acid rain caused? What are its effects?
Answer:
“When oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen of air come in contact with water of rain they form corresponding acids and constitute Acid Rain”.
Causes of Acid Rain : “The cause of acid rain is the formation of mineral acids like nitric acid, sulphuric acid and carbonic acid”.
Question 10.
What are hazards caused by soil pollutions?
Answer:
Hazards caused by soil pollutions are :
- It increase the toxicity in soil.
- Micro-organisms enter the food chain or water and are consequently ingested by man.
- Soil pollutants include fertilizers and pesticides these chemicals remain in soil for a long time continuously contaminating the top soil and ground water.
Question 11.
What are the effects of untreated solid waste?
Answer:
The effects of untreated solid waste are following :
- Numerous insects, bacteria and virus grow on the routing waste which are capable of spreading several diseases like diarrhoea, cholera etc.
- Mosquitoes are known for spreading Malaria.
- Flies carry the virus and spread it in the adjoining areas. People fall sick and start vomiting.
- Toxic substances found in waste cause cancer, genetic disorder and foetal human (teratogens) chemicals like arsenic, cadmium and chromium are mostly responsible for cancer.
Question 12.
Why is its essential to have Proper disposal of waste?
Answer:
It is essential to have proper disposal of waste so as to reduce the harmful impact of wastes.
Question 13.
Name the diseases spread by industrial effluents.
Answer:
Pollutant from industries which are released water, such as arsenic, lead, mercury, fluorides etc have serious health impact on humans and caused Minamata disease.
Question 14.
How do farm waste affect human life? Name any two harmful substances they contain.
Answer:
Effects of farm waste on human life are as follows :
- After burning crop residue floats in air and affects the health of people.
- Activity of threshing also releases a lot of waste in the form of straw.
Its particles remain suspended in air which affects the health of people, especially the asthmatic patients. - Many farmers in dairy farming which makes the air stinking.
The harmful substances are nitrate and phosphate. Contaminate with water bodies and create undesirable effects.
Question 15.
Name any three pollutants produced by chemical effects from industries? How do they affect terrestrial life?
Answer:
Industrial Pollutants are such as chemical waste consisting of lead, mercury, arsenic and fluorides.
Affect on Terrestrial life :
- Earthworms and other soil organisms are extremely susceptible to cadmium poisoning.
- Chronic poisoning results from consumption of arsenic, lead and molybednum.
- Another known pollutant is fluoride. Animals are suceptible to fluorosis.
Cattle and sheep are most commonly affected animals.
Question 16.
How does DDT affect the marine life?
Answer:
Dumping of industrial wastes such as pesticides, especially DDT can accumulate in the fatty tissues of animals. This could lead to failure of the reproductive system of the animals.
Question 17.
Why is fluoride harmful for cattles?
Answer:
Animals are suceptible to fluorosis. Cattle and sheep are most commonly affected animals.
Diarrhoea, weight loss, lowered fertility and reduced milk production are some of the major effects of fluorides seen in animals and cattles.
Question 18.
How do plastics affect marine life? What are its substitutes?
Answer:
Plastics dumped into ocean can affect the marine life seriously. Plastics substitutes such as bottle and bags could choke and suffocate the sea animals, as they eat them thinking that they are food. Plastics are known to be a major cause for the death of turtles, as they swallow the floating bags, mistaking them for jelly fish.
Goyal Brothers Prakashan Class 10 ICSE Geography Solutions