A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 9 The Renaissance.

A New Combined Text Book of History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions (D.N Kundra, Goyal Brothers Prakashan)

These Solutions are part of A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions. Here we have given. A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions  Chapter 9 The Renaissance.

I. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words each :

Question 1.
What does the term ‘Renaissance’ mean ?
Answer:
The term ’Renaissance’ is derived from the Latin word Tenascere’. It means rebirth of thought and learning of Greco-Roman classics, revival of art and growth of humanism.

Question 2.
Where did the Greek scholars take refuge ? Why ?
Answer:
The Greek scholars took refuge in Italy because in the year 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine empire. So, the Greek scholars migrated to Italy with their manuscripts and art treasures.

Question 3.
Name the rulers who patronised the works of literature an art in Europe.
Answer:
Various rules of Italy like Casimo Medici and Lorenzo Medici partronised scholars and artists and gave impetus to Renaissance. Rulers like King Francis I of France, King Henry VII, Queen Elizabeth I of England, Charles V of Spain and Christian II of Denmark also patronised scholars and artists.

Question 4.
What led to the growth of vernacular languages ?
Answer:
The Renaissance in Europe led to the development of vernacular languages. Earlier Latin was used by scholars which only a few educated people could understand. Gradually European languages replaced Latin as the language of poetry, drama and fiction. Local languages spoken by the people of a region began to be used in the literary’ writings.

Question 5.
Who wrote ‘The Prince’ ? What is its importance ?
Answer:
Machiavelli, a historian from Florence wrote ‘The Prince’. He is known as the father of modern political philosophy. In this book he wrote about the political conditions that prevailed in Italian States during the close of 15th and early 16th century. This work is of great importance because his idea and suggestions greatly influenced the minds of political leaders. His suggestion that politics should be separated from religion also had a mark on their minds.

II. Answer the following questions in 80-100 words each :

Question 1.
Describe the causes for the advent and growth of Renaissance.
Answer:
There were many factors which together brought a new awakening and led to the growth of Renaissance.

  1. The migration of the Greek scholars to Italy with their manuscripts and art treasures led to the spread and growth of literature. This made a significant impact on the people of Europe.
  2. The decline of feudalism in the 13th and 14th century led to the habit of free thinking which gave an impetus to new learning. This led to new developments in the field of art, literature, science and philosophy.
  3. The patronage of scholars and artists by many rulers also led to its growth.
  4. The new routes of trade between Europe and the East brought ’ prosperity to Italian Cities.
  5. The rise of a middle class who freed themselves from the dominance of the Church, opened up new schools. “Here liberalised ideas were taught which broadened their outlook.
  6. A radical change came in the outlook of men because they discarded the ideas and beliefs of the medieval period and paid more attention to humanistic values.
  7. The invention of the printing press made it possible to print many religious and classical books.
    All these factors together ushered in the Renaissance which brought new developments is almost all fields.

Question 2.
Renaissance was a period of great intellectual activity. Give an account made in the field of literature during that period.
Answer:
The Renaissance was a period of great intellectual activity. Latin, the language of scholars was replaced by other understandable European languages. The vernacular languages developed during this era. ‘The Divine Comedy’ by Dante is considered as an outstanding work of Italian literature. Petrarch’s poetry and his ‘Sonnets to Laura’ became very famous. Erasmus, the great writer of humanism, mastered Greek and Latin classics. In his book ‘Praise of Folly’, he ridiculed the corrupt practices and superstitions of the Church.Machiavelli, in his work ‘The Prince’ suggested that political matters should be separated from religion. Bacon’s essays and his Latin works were remarkable. Shakespeare, the great playwright of England, gave a great impetus to English literature. Milton’s ‘Paradise Lost’ was an incomparable work. Martin Luther translated Bible into German thus ushering in a new era. Thus Renaisssance led to the spread and growth of literature. The thoughts of the writers had a significant impact on the people all over Europe.

Question 4.
Give a description of the scientific discoveries made during the Renaissance period.
Answer:
The most significant scientific discovery was by Copernicus who proved that the earth rotated on its axis and also moved around the sun. Galileo, an Italian astronomer also confirmed the validity of . Copernicus’s theory. Sir Isaac Newton, an English scientist proved that all heavenly bodies move according to the law of gravitation. Many discoveries were made in the field of medical science. Vesalius wrote a treatise on the structure of the body. William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart.

III. Fill in the blanks

  1. The Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople in 1453.
  2. Shakespeare was the greatest poet and playwright of England.
  3. Martin Luther translated the Bible into german
  4. Cabral discovered Brazil in 1500.
  5. Christopher Columbus disvoered the continent of America.

IV. Match the contents of Column A with those of Column B:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 9.1
Answer:
A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 9.2
Additional Questions :

Question 1.
Which are the great paintings of Renaissance period ?
Answer:
Leonardo’s ‘The Last Supper’ and ‘Mona Lisa’ are great master ­pieces of European art. Michelangelo’s paintings were based on Biblical themes and the grand fresco of ‘Last Judgement’ is considered the most famous painting in the world.One of the most celebrated painting of Raphael is ‘Sistine Madonna’.

Question 2.
What were the important geographical discoveries made in the Renaissance period ?
Answer:
Remarkable discoveries were made during the second half of the 15th century. Bartholomew Diaz reached the southern tip of Africa, which came to be called the ‘Cape of Good Hope’. Vasco da Gama a Portuguese explorer, sailed across the Indian Ocean and reached Kerala’s coastal town of Calicut in 1498.Christopher Columbus discovered the continent of America. The Continent got its name ‘The American’ from America Vespucci. John Cobot discovered the Cape Briton island near New found land.

Question 3.
What was the development in the field of sculpture in the Renaissance period ?
Answer:
In Italy many sculptors were employed by Pope and wealthy merchants to decorate their palaces and churches with sculptural works. Michelangelo’s little child Jesus became the finest piece of sculpture

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