A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 10 The Central Legislature The Union Parliament.

A New Combined Text Book of History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions (D.N Kundra, Goyal Brothers Prakashan)

These Solutions are part of A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions. Here we have given. A New Combined History & Civics for Class 7 ICSE Solutions Chapter 10 The Central Legislature The Union Parliament.

1. Answer the following questions in 30-40 words each :

Question 1.
How are the members of Lok Sabha elected ?
Answer:
The members of the Lok Sabha are elected directly by the people.
A country is divided into equal constituencies. A constituency is a territorial area from which a candidate is elected.
An Indian citizen becomes a voter at the age of 18. One representative is elected from each constituency. Votes are cast on the basis of a secret ballot and vote of the voter is thus kept secret. Whoever gets the maximum number of votes is elected.

Question 2.
Describe the essential qualifications for a person to be a member of the Lok Sabha.
Answer:
In order to seek election to the Lok Sabha, a person must possess the following qualifications.

  1. He should be a citizen of India.
  2. He should have acquired 25 years of age.
  3. He should not be a proclaimed offender.
  4. He should not be holding an office of profit under the government.
  5. He should not be a proclaimed insolvent.
  6. He should have his name in the electroal rolls in any part of the country.

Question 3.
How can one become a member of the Rajya Sabha ?
Answer:
To become a member of the Rajya Sabha, a person must possess the following qualifications :

  1. He must be a citizen of India.
  2. He should be 30 years of age.
  3. He should not be a proclaimed offender.
  4. He should not hold any office of profit under the government.
  5. His name should be in the voter list of the state from which he is seeking election.

Question 4.
How are members of the Rajya Sabha elected ?
Answer:
The Rajya Sabha consists of not more than 250 members and 238 are representatives of states and union territories. The representatives of union territories are elected by special electoral colleagues. 12 members nominated by the President of India are from among persons who have distinguished in fields of art, science, literature and social service.

Question 5.
Describe any two legislative and judicial powers of the Parliament ?
Answer:
Legislative powers :

  1. It legislates 97 subjects of the Union List, 47 subjects of the Concurrent List and also under certain circumstances 66 subjects of State List.
  2. The Parliament has the sole right to amend the Constitution.

Judicial Powers :

  1. The Parliament has the power to remove the President of India through impeachment.
  2. The Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts can he removed by the Parliament if they are found violating the Constitution or indulging in corruption of any nature.

Question 6.
Name any five subjects of the Union List.
Answer:
The five important subjects included in this list are

  1. Railways
  2. Foreign Affairs
  3.  Army
  4. Telephones
  5. Posts and Telegraphs.

II. Answer the following questions in 80-100 words each :
Question 1.
What are the powers and functions of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha ?
Answer:
So as to conduct the business of the Lok Sabha, its members elect a Speaker and Deputy Speaker. The Speaker enjoys vast powers.

  1. He presides over the sessions of the Lok Sabha.
  2. He keeps the House in order.
  3. All members including the ministers have to listen to his authority.
  4. He decides the agenda of the House and also decides on the admissibility of motions, resolutions and questions.
  5. He decides on the nature of the bill – whether it is a money bill or an ordinary bill.
  6. He has the power to disqualify a member of the house under anti defection law.
    The Speaker may be a member of any political party but once elected, he has to conduct the business of the House impartially.

Question 2.
In what way is the Lok Sabha more powerful than the Rajya Sabha ?
Answer:
Though, theoretically speaking, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha enjoy equal powers yet the fact that Lok Sabha represents the people and is elected by the people cannot be overlooked. As the members of the Rajya Sabha are indirectly elected by the members of State Legislative Assemblies, it is but natural that the Lok Sabha is given a clear upper hand in almost all matters concerning the Parliament.
If there is a deadlock regarding on Ordinary Bill, it is resolved by a joint session of both the hosues with the speaker of Lok Sabha in the chair.
The will of the Lok Sabha prevails because its membership is double compared to the Rajya Sabha.
In case of Money Bills, it can originate only in Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha has no powers to make a change in it.
Though both the houses of the Parliament have equal rights in asking questions or bringing in various kinds of motions against the Government, it is the Lok Sabha which has the real say.
A vote of no-confidence passes in the Lok Sabha makes it obligatory for the Government to quit. As such the Lok Sabha is definitely more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.

Question 3.
How does the Parliament exercise control over the Executive ?
Answer:
The Parliament exercises its control over the Government in many ways :

  1. The Government is directly responsible to the Parliament. If the government flouts the Constitution, it can be voted out of office by passing a vote of no confidence against the Prime Minister or the Minsters as a whole or any of the members.
  2. The members of the Parliament can move an adjournment motion. In such a case the members can request the speaker to have a pointed discussion on a particular issue.
  3. Question hours are specially kept where the members can ask
    questions about the administration of a state and the Ministers are obliged to answer them.
  4. The Parliament also has a tight control over the Government by voting a cut in the annual budget. The salaries and allowances of the Ministers are decided by the Parliament.

Question 4.
What arc the functions of the Indian Parliament ?
Answer:
The parliament is the most powerful organ of the government. It enjoys wide powers.
Legislative Powers

  1. It legislates 97 subjects of the Union List, 47 subjects of the Concurrent List and also under certain circumstances 66 subjects of State List.
  2. All ordinances issued by the President are approved by the Parliament within six weeks after its session begins.
  3. The Parliament can amend the Constitution.

Financial Powers :

  1. The Parliament controls the finances and passes the Budget. It is also empowered to vote a cut in the Budget or reject it altogether.
  2. No tax can be imposed or expenditure made without the approval of the Parliament.

Judicial Powers :

  1. The Parliament has the power to remove the President of India through impeachment.
  2. It can remove a judge of the Supreme or the High Court if they are found violating the Constitution or indulging in corruption etc.

Elective Powers :

  1. The elected members of the Parliament participate in the election of the President and the Vice-President.

Executive Powers :

  1. The Government is directly responsible to the Parliament. If the Government flouts the Constitution, it can be voted out of office by passing a vote of no confidence against the Prime Minister or the Ministry.
  2. The members of the Parliament can move an adjournment motion.
  3. Question hours are specially kept where the members can ask questions about the administration of a State and Ministers are obliged to answer them.
  4. The Parliament can vote a cut in the annual budget. It also decides the salaries and allowances of the Ministers.

Question 5.
How does a bill become a law ?
Answer:
A bill has to pass through various stages before it becomes a law.
I. The first stage is known as an introductory stage.

  1. The concerned minister or a private member asks for the permission.
  2. The bill is submitted with its aims and objectives to the Speaker.
  3. If the House votes in favour of the bill, it is formally introduced. This is known as the first reading of the bill.

II. The Second Stage

  1. In this stage the bill is referred to a committee or circulated and is read clause by clause.
  2. Some changes if needed are introduced,.
  3. Each clause is passed by a majority vote.
  4. The committee then prepares a report to be presented in the House.

III. The Third Stage

  1. The Bill is moved for final approval.
  2. The bill as a whole is put to vote.
  3. If passed by a simple majority, it is sent to the other house.

IV. Same procedure is followed in that house.

V. After the assent of both the houses of the Parliament it is sent to the President for his approval.
On receipt of assent of the President the bill becomes an Act of the Parliament.

III. Tick (✓) the correct statements and cross (✗) the wrong ones :

  1. The Rajya Sabha is presided over by the Vice-President of India.(✓)
  2. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the people.(✗)
  3. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent House.(✓)
  4. A Money Bill can be initiated in the Rajya Sabha.(✗)
  5. The minimum age for the membership of the Lok Sabha is 30 years.(✗)

IV. Choose the correct word/words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks :

  1. The different states have been allocated 238 seats in the Rajya Sabha.
  2. The President can nominate 2 members in the Lok Sabha.
  3. The President can nominate 12 members in the Rajya Sabha.
  4. A person should have acquired the age of 25 to become a member of the Lok Sabha.

Additional Questions :

Question 1.
Name the three organs of the Government.
Answer:
The three organs of the Government are :

  1. The Legislature
  2. The Executive
  3. The Judiciary.

Question 2.
What is the composition of Lok Sabha ?
Answer:

  1. The Lok Sabha cannot have more than 550 elected members.
  2. 530 members are elected from different states.
  3. 20 members are elected from union territories.
  4. Apart from the elected members the President can nominate two members belonging to the Anglo Indian Community if it does not have adequate representation.

Question 3.
What is the composition of Rajya Sabha ?
Answer:

  1. The Rajya Sabha consist of not more than 250 members.
  2. 238 are representatives of States and union territories.
  3. 12 are nominated by the President of India.

Question 4.
Mention 5 subjects included in the State List and 5 subjects in the Concurrent List.
Answer:
There are about 66 subjects included in the State List. The most important subjects are

  1. Police
  2. Hospitals
  3. Sanitation
  4. Agriculture and
  5. Irrigation.

There are 47 subjects in the Concurrent List. The most important out of these are

  1. Marriages
  2. Medical
  3.  Newspapers
  4. Labour Welfare
  5. Civil and Criminal Procedures.

 

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